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**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts**
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Title: Roget's Thesaurus
Author:
Release Date: December, 1991 [EBook #22]
[This file was first posted on September 15, 2003]
[Most recently updated: September 15, 2003]
Edition: 14
Language: English
Character set encoding: US-ASCII
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, ROGET'S THESAURUS ***
This Project Gutenberg edition of Roget's Thesaurus has been
embellished in various ways to add context, additional definitions,
and enhancements. Thus, it does not exactly match the 1911 printed
edition, or the electronic version from MICRA. All contents are in
the public domain.
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** Thesaurus-1911 **
*************************************************************************
Being a computer-readable version of the Roget's Thesaurus published
in 1911.
This electronic version was prepared and placed in the public domain
by MICRA, Inc. 1991.
This file is an electronic version of the edition of Roget's Thesaurus
published in 1911 by the Crowell company. The following differences will
be noted between this version and the original printed edition:
(1) the space-saving abbreviations in the original, using hyphens to
represent common prefixes or suffixes have been expanded into the full
words.
(2) the side-by-side format for words and their opposites has been
abandoned. Words are listed in order of their entry number.
(3) each main entry has a pound sign "#" in front of the number to
facilitate computerized search.
(4) greek words and phrases are transliterated and included between
brackets in the format <gr/greek word/gr>.
(5) where italics occurred in the original, italics are used in the
Microsoft Word format file. In the plain ASCII file, this formatting is
lost.
(6) the approximate location of the bottom of each page in the original
1911 printed book is indicated by a comment of the form: <-- p. 23 -->.
Note that there are two spaces between the "p." and the page number.
(7) This file contains only the main body of the thesaurus. Neither
outline nor index are contained here.
A version of this electronic thesaurus which has been supplemented to
include more modern words and phrases is in preparation, and will be
available from MICRA, Inc. The supplemented version will also be available
for licensing in larger quantities at a modest cost (this supplemented
version has been copyrighted). This supplemented version is much less
complete than the latest editions of commercial thesauri, and is probably
not as suitable for use as an adjunct to word-processing programs, but it
nevertheless has the substantial virtue that it can be obtained and
licensed with minimum fuss by anyone with an interest in computer
programming.
Future versions of this thesaurus are also planned, which will be
reorganized somewhat in a hierarchical fashion to maximize the ability to
take advantage of inheritance from higher categories. The objective is to
create a database of words organized by semantic categories, suitable for
use in natural-language understanding programs. This is a very small-scale
project, which will not be competitive with commercial efforts such as the
CYC project, but is intended to provide a resource for natural-language
processing for individuals or small groups without the financial clout of
large corporations. Anyone who is currently engaged in a similar project,
or would be willing to contribute to this project, is encouraged to contact
us, so that unnecessary duplication of effort can be avoided.
This copy has about 1,000 typographical errors which have not yet been
removed.
#1. Existence.-- N. existence, being, entity, ens, esse, subsistence
reality, actuality; positiveness &c.. adj.; fact, matter of fact,
sober reality; truth &c. 494; actual existence.
presence &c.. (existence in space) 186; coexistence &c.. 120.
stubborn fact, hard fact; not a dream &c. 515; no joke.
center of life, essence, inmost nature, inner reality, vital
principle.
[Science of existence], ontology.
V. exist, be; have being &c. n.; subsist, live, breathe, stand,
obtain, be the case; occur &c. (event) 151; have place, prevail; find
oneself, pass the time, vegetate.
consist in, lie in; be comprised in, be contained in, be constituted
by.
come into existence &c. n.; arise &c. (begin) 66; come forth &c.
(appear) 446. become &c. (be converted) 144; bring into existence &c. 161.
abide, continue, endure, last, remain, stay.
Adj. existing &c. v. existent, under the sun; in existence &c. n.;
extant; afloat, afoot, on foot, current, prevalent; undestroyed.
real, actual, positive, absolute; true &c. 494; substantial,
substantive; self-existing, self-existent; essential.
well-founded well-grounded; unideal, unimagined; not potential &c. 2;
authentic.
Adv. actually &c. adj.; in fact, in point of fact, in reality; indeed;
de facto, ipso facto.
Phr. ens rationis; ergo sum cogito: "thinkest thou existence doth
depend on time?" [Byron].
#2. Inexistence.-- N. inexistence; nonexistence, nonsubsistence;
nonentity, nil; negativeness &c. adj.; nullity; nihility, nihilism; tabula
rasa, blank; abeyance; absence &c. 187; no such thing &c. 4; nonbeing,
nothingness, oblivion.
annihilation; extinction &c. (destruction) 162; extinguishment,
extirpation, Nirvana, obliteration.
V. not exist &c. 1; have no existence &c. 1; be null and void; cease
to exist &c.. 1; pass away, perish; be extinct, become extinct &c. adj.;
die out; disappear &c. 449; melt away, dissolve, leave not a rack behind;
go, be no more; die &c. 360.
annihilate, render null, nullify; abrogate &c.. 756; destroy &c. 162;
take away; remove &c. (displace) 185; obliterate, extirpate.
Adj. inexistent, nonexistent &c. 1; negative, blank; missing, omitted;
absent &c. 187,; insubstantial, shadowy, spectral, visionary.
unreal, potential, virtual; baseless, in nubibus; unsubstantial &c..
4; vain. unborn, uncreated, unbegotten, unconceived, unproduced, unmade.
perished, annihilated, &c. v.; extinct, exhausted, gone, lost,
vanished, departed, gone with the wind; defunct &c. (dead) 360.
fabulous, ideal &c. (imaginary) 515, supposititious &c. 514.
Adv negatively, virtually &c.. adj.
Phr. non ens.
#4. Unsubstantiality. -- N. unsubstantiality, insubstantiality;
nothingness, nihility; no degree, no part, no quantity, no thing.
nothing, naught, nil, nullity, zero, cipher, no one, nobody; never a
one, ne'er a one; no such thing, none in the world; nothing whatever,
nothing at all, nothing on earth; not a particle &c.. (smallness) 32; all
talk, moonshine, stuff and nonsense; matter of no importance, matter of no
consequence. thing of naught, man of straw, John Doe and Richard Roe,
faggot voter; nominis umbra, nonentity; flash in the pan, vox et praeterea
nihil.
shadow; phantom &c.,(fallacy of vision) 443; dream &c. (imagination)
515; ignis fatuus &c.. (luminary) 423; " such stuff as dreams are made of "
[Tempest]; air, thin air, vapor; bubble &c. 353; " baseless fabric of a
vision " [Tempest]; mockery.
hollowness, blank; void &c. (absence) 187.
inanity, fool's paradise.
V. vanish, evaporate, fade, dissolve, melt away; disappear &c. 449.
Adj. unsubstantial; baseless, groundless; ungrounded; without
foundation, having no foundation.
visionary &c. (imaginary) 515; immaterial &c.. 137; spectral &c. 980;
dreamy; shadowy; ethereal, airy; cloud built, cloud formed; gossamery,
illusory, insubstantial, unreal.
vacant, vacuous; empty &c.. 187; eviscerated; blank, hollow; nominal;
null; inane.
Phr. there's nothing in it; " an ocean of dreams without a sound"
[Shelley].
3. FORMAL EXISTENCE
Internal conditions
#5. Intrinsicality.-- N. intrinsicality, inbeing, inherence, inhesion;
subjectiveness; ego; egohood; essence; essentialness &c.. adj.; essential
part, quintessence, incarnation, quiddity, gist, pith, marrow, core, sap,
lifeblood, backbone, heart, soul; important part &c.. (importance) 642.
principle, nature, constitution, character, type, quality, crasis,
diathesis.
habit; temper, temperament; spirit, humor, grain; disposition.
endowment, capacity; capability &c.. (power) 157.
moods, declensions, features, aspects; peculiarities &c. (speciality)
79; idiosyncrasy, oddity; idiocrasy &c.. (tendency) 176; diagnostics.
V. be in the blood, run in the blood; be born so; be intrinsic &c. adj.
Adj. derived from within, subjective; intrinsic, intrinsical;
fundamental, normal; implanted, inherent,.essential, natural; innate,
inborn, inbred, ingrained, inwrought; coeval with birth, genetous,
haematobious, syngenic radical, incarnate, thoroughbred, hereditary,
inherited, immanent; congenital, congenite|; connate, running in the blood;
ingenerate, ingenite|; indigenous; in the grain &c. n.; bred in the bone,
instinctive; inward, internal &c.. 221; to the manner born; virtual.
characteristic &c. (special) 79, (indicative) 550; invariable,
incurable, incorrigible, ineradicable, fixed.
Adv. intrinsically &c. adj.; at bottom, in the main, in effect,
practically, virtually, substantially, au fond; fairly.
Phr. " character is higher than intellect " [Emerson]; "come give us a
taste of your quality " [ Hamlet] magnos homines virtute metimur non
fortuna [Nepos]; non numero haec judicantur sed pondere [Cicero]; " vital
spark of heavenly flame " [Pope].
Absolute
#7. State. -- N. state, condition, category, estate, lot, ease, trim,
mood, pickle, plight, temper; aspect &c. (appearance) 448, dilemma, pass,
predicament.
constitution, habitude, diathesis; frame, fabric &c. 329; stamp, set,
fit, mold, mould.
mode, modality, schesis; form &c.. (shape) 240.
tone, tenor, turn; trim, guise, fashion, light, complexion, style,
character.
V. be in a state, possess a state, enjoy a state, labor under a state
&c. n.; be on a footing, do, fare; come to pass.
Adj. conditional, modal, formal; structural, organic.
Adv. conditionally &c.. adj.; as the matter stands, as things are;
such being the case &c. 8.
Relative
#8. Circumstance. -- N. circumstance, situation, phase, position,
posture, attitude, place, point; terms; regime; footing, standing, status.
occasion, juncture, conjunctive; contingency &c. (event) 151.
predicament; emergence, emergency; exigency, crisis, pinch, pass,
push; occurrence; turning point.
bearings, how the land lies.
surroundings, context, environment 229a[TE 232]; location 184.
contingency, dependence (uncertainty) 475; causation 153, attribution
155.
Adj. circumstantial; given, conditional, provisional; critical; modal;
contingent, incidental; adventitious &c. (extrinsic) 6; limitative.
Adv. in the circumstances, under the circumstances &c.. n., the
circumstances, conditions &c. 7; thus, in such wise.
accordingly; that being the case, such being the case, in view of the
circumstances; that being so, sith, since, seeing that.
as matters stand; as things go, as times go.
conditionally, provided, if, in case; if so, if so be, if it be so;
depending on circumstances, in certain circumstances, under certain
conditions; if it so happen, if it so turn out; in the event of; in such a
contingency, in such a case, in such an event; provisionally, unless,
without.
according to circumstances, according to the occasion; as it may
happen, as it may turn out,as it may be; as the case may be, as the wind
blows; pro re nata.
Phr. " yet are my sins not those of circumstance " [Lytton].
<-- p. 3 -->
SECTION II. RELATION
1. ABSOLUTE RELATION
#9. Relation. -- N. relation, bearing, reference, connection,
concern,. cognation ; correlation &c. 12; analogy; similarity &c. 17;
affinity, homology, alliance, homogeneity, association; approximation &c..
(nearness) 197; filiation &c. (consanguinity) 11; interest; relevancy &c.
23; dependency, relationship, relative position.
comparison &c. 464; ratio, proportion.
link, tie, bond of union.
V. be related &c. adj.; have a relation &c. n.; relate to, refer to;
bear upon, regard, concern, touch, affect, have to do with; pertain to,
belong to, appertain to; answer to; interest.
bring into relation with, bring to bear upon; connect, associate, draw
a parallel; link &c. 43.
Adj. relative; correlative &c.. 12; cognate; relating to &c. v.;
relative to, in relation with, referable or referrible to; belonging to &c.
v.; appurtenant to, in common with.
related, connected; implicated, associated, affiliated, allied to; en
rapport, in touch with.
approximative, approximating; proportional, proportionate,
proportionable; allusive, comparable.
in the same category &c. 75; like &c. 17; relevant &c. (apt) 23;
applicable, equiparant.
Adv. relatively &c. adj.; pertinently &c. 23.
thereof; as to, as for, as respects, as regards; about; concerning &c.
v.; anent; relating to, as relates to; with relation, with reference to,
with respect to,with regard to; in respect of; while speaking of, a propos
of; in connection with; by the way, by the by; whereas; for as much as, in
as much as; in point of, as far as; on the part of, on the score of; quoad
hoc; pro re nata; under the head of &c.. (class) 75 of; in the matter of,
in re.
Phr. " thereby hangs a tale " [Taming of the Shrew].
#10. [Want, or absence of relation.] Irrelation. -- N. irrelation,
dissociation; misrelation; inapplicability; inconnection; multifariousness;
disconnection &c. (disjunction) 44; inconsequence, independence;
incommensurability; irreconcilableness &c. (disagreement) 24;
heterogeneity; unconformity &c. 83; irrelevancy, impertinence, nihil ad
rem; intrusion &c.. 24; non-pertinence.
V. have no relation to &c. 9; have no bearing upon, have no concern
with &c. 9 , have no business with; not concern &c.. 9; have no business
there, have nothing to do with,
intrude &c. 24.
bring in head and shoulders, drag in head and shoulders, lug in head
and shoulders.
Adj. irrelative, irrespective, unrelated; arbitrary; independent,
unallied; unconnected, disconnected; adrift, isolated, insular; extraneous,
strange, alien, foreign, outlandish, exotic.
not comparable, incommensurable, heterogeneous; unconformable &c. 83.
irrelevant, inapplicable; not pertinent, not to the, purpose; impertinent,
inapposite, beside the mark, a propos de bottes; aside from the purpose,,
away from the purpose,, foreign to the purpose, beside the purpose, beside
the question, beside the transaction, beside the point; misplaced &c.
(intrusive) 24; traveling out of the record.
remote, far-fetched, out of the way, forced, neither here nor there,
quite another thing; detached, segregate; disquiparant.
multifarious; discordant &c.. 24.
incidental, parenthetical, obiter dicta, episodic.
Adv. parenthetically &c. adj.; by the way, by the by; en passant,
incidentally; irrespectively &c. adj.; without reference to, without regard
to; in the abstract &c. 87; a se.
RELATIONS
#11. [Relations of kindred.] Consanguinity. -- N. consanguinity,
relationship, kindred, blood; parentage &c.. (paternity) 166; filiation,
affiliation; lineage, agnation, connection, alliance; family connection,
family tie; ties of blood; nepotism.
kinsman, kinfolk; kith and kin; relation, relative; connection; sib;
next of kin; uncle, aunt, nephew, niece; cousin, cousin-german; first
cousin, second cousin; cousin once removed, cousin twice &c. removed; near
relation, distant relation; brother, sister, one's own flesh and blood.
family, fraternity; brotherhood, sisterhood, cousinhood.
race, stock, generation; sept &c.. 166; stirps, side; strain; breed, clan,
tribe, nation.
V. be related to &c. adj. claim relationship with &c. n. with.
Adj. related, akin, consanguineous, of the blood, family, allied,
collateral; cognate, agnate, connate; kindred; affiliated; fraternal.
#12. [Double or reciprocal relation.] Correlation. -- N.
reciprocalness &c.. adj.; reciprocity, reciprocation; mutuality,
correlation, interdependence, connection, link, association; interchange
&c. 148; exchange, barter.
reelprocitist.
V. reciprocate, alternate; interchange &c.. 148; exchange;
counterchange.
Adj. reciprocal, mutual, commutual, correlative; alternate;
interchangeable; international; complemental, complementary.
Adv. mutatis mutandis; vice versa; each other, one another; by turns
&c. 148; reciprocally & c. adj.
Phr. " happy in our mutual help " [Milton].
#13. Identity. -- N. identity, sameness; coincidence, coalescence;
convertibility; equality &c. 27; selfness, self, oneself; identification.
monotony, tautology &c. (repetition) 104.
facsimile &c. (copy) 21; homoousia: alter ego &c. (similar) 17;
ipsissima verba &c. (exactness) 494; same; self, very , one and the same;
very thing, actual thing; real McCoy; no other; one and only; in the flesh.
V. be identical &c. adj.; coincide, coalesce, merge.
treat as the same, render the same, identical; identify; recognize
the identity of, .
Adj. identical; self, ilk; the same &c. n. selfsame, one and the same,
homoousian.
coincide, coalescent, coalescing; indistinguishable; one; equivalent
&c. (equal) 27; tweedle dee and tweedle dum; much the same, of a muchness;
unaltered. .
Adv. identically &c. adj.; on all fours.
#14. [Noncoincidence.] Contrariety. N. contrariety, contrast, foil,
antithesis, oppositeness; contradiction; antagonism &c. (opposition) 708;
clashing, repugnance.
inversion &c. 218; the opposite, the reverse, the inverse, the
converse, the antipodes, the antithesis, the other extreme.
V. be contrary &c. adj.; contrast with, oppose; diller toto coelo.
invert, reverse, turn the tables; turn topsy-turvy, turn end for end,
turn upside down, turn inside out.
contradict, contravene; antagonize &c.. 708.
Adj. contrary, contrarious, contrariant; opposite, counter, dead
against; converse, reverse; opposed, antithetical, contrasted, antipodean,
antagonistic, opposing; conflicting, inconsistent, contradictory, at cross
purposes; negative; hostile &c.. 703. differing toto coelo; diametrically
opposite; diametrically opposed; as opposite as black and white, as
opposite as light and darkness, as opposite as fire and water, as opposite
as the poles; as different as night and day; " Hyperion to a satyr"[
Hamlet]; quite the contrary, quite the reverse ;no such thing, just the
other way, tout au contraire.
Adv. contrarily &c. adj.; contra, contrariwise, per contra, on the
contrary, nay rather; vice versa; on the other hand &c. (in compensation)
30.
Phr. " all concord's born of contraries " [B. Jonson]. Thesis,
antithesis, synthesis [Marx]
#15. Difference. -- N. difference; variance, variation, variety;
diversity, dissimilarity &c.. 18; disagreement &c. 24; disparity &c.
(inequality) 28; distinction, contradistinction; alteration.
modification, permutation, moods and tenses.
nice distinction, fine distinction, delicate distinction, subtle
distinction; shade of difference, nuance; discrimination &c.. 465;
differentia.
different thing, something else, apple off another tree, another pair
of shoes; horse of a different color; this that or the other.
V. be different &c. adj.; differ, vary, ablude|, mismatch, contrast;
divaricate; differ toto coelo, differ longo intervallo.
vary, modify &c.. (change) 140.
discriminate &c. 465.
Adj. differing &c.. v.; different, diverse, heterogeneous,
multifarious, polyglot; distinguishable, dissimilar; varied, modified;
diversified, various, divers, all manner of, all kinds of; variform &c. 81;
daedal.
other, another, not the same; unequal &c. 28. unmatched; widely apart,
poles apart, distinctive, characteristic, ; discriminative; distinguishing.
Adv. differently &c. adj.
Phr. il y a fagots et fagots.
<-- p. 5 -->
2. CONTINUOUS RELATION
#16. Uniformity. -- N. uniformity; homogeneity, homogeneousness;
consistency; connaturality, connaturalness; homology; accordance;
conformity &c. 82; agreement &c. 23; consonance, uniformness. regularity,
constancy, even tenor,.routine; monotony.
V. be uniform &c. adj.; accord with &c.. 23; run through.
become uniform &c. adj.; conform to &c. 82.
render uniform, homogenize &c. adj.; assimilate, level, smooth, dress.
Adj. uniform; homogeneous, homologous;of a piece, consistent, connatural;
monotonous, even, invariable; regular, unchanged, undeviating, unvaried,
unvarying.
Adv. uniformly &c. adj.; uniformly with &c. (conformably) 82; in harmony
with &c.. (agreeing) 23.
always, invariably, without exception, without fail, unfailingly,
never otherwise; by clockwork.
Phr. ab uno disce omnes.
3. PARTIAL RELATION
#16a. [Absence or want of uniformity.] Nonuniformity. -- N. diversity,
irregularity, unevenness; multiformity &c. 81; unconformity &c. 83;
roughness &c. 256; dissimilarity, dissimilitude, divarication, divergence.
Adj. diversified varied, irregular, uneven, rough &c. 256;
multifarious; multiform &c. 81; of various kinds; all manner of, all sorts
of, all kinds of.
Adv. variously, in all manner of ways, here there and everywhere.
#17. Similarity. -- N. similarity, resemblance, likeness, similitude,
semblance; affinity, approximation, parallelism; agreement &c. 23; analogy,
analogicalness; correspondence, homoiousia, parity.
connaturalness, connaturality; brotherhood, family likeness.
alliteration, rhyme, pun.
repetition &c. 104; sameness &c. (identity) 13; uniformity &c. 16;
isogamy.
analogue; the like; match, pendant, fellow companion, pair, mate,
twin, double, counterpart, brother, sister; one's second self, alter ego,
chip of the old block, par nobile fratrum, Arcades ambo, birds of a
feather, et hoc genus omne; gens de meme famille.
parallel; simile; type &c. (metaphor) 521; image &c. (representation)
554; photograph; close resemblance, striking resemblance, speaking
resemblance, faithful likeness, faithful resemblance.
V. be similar &c. adj.; look like, resemble, bear resemblance; smack
of, savor of,; approximate; parallel, match, rhyme with; take after;
imitate &c.. 19; favor, span [U. S.].
render similar &c. adj.; assimilate, approximate, bring near;
connaturalize, make alike; rhyme, pun.
Adj. similar; resembling &c. v.; like, alike; twin.
analogous, analogical; parallel, of a piece; such as, so; homoiousian.
connatural, congener, allied to; akin to &c. (consanguineous) 1 1.
approximate, much the same, near, close, something like, sort of, in
the ballpark, such like; a show of; mock, pseudo, simulating, representing.
exact &c. (true) 494; lifelike, faithful; true to nature, true to
life, the very image, the very picture of; for all the world like, comme
deux gouttes d'eau; as like as two peas in a pod, as like as it can stare;
instar omnium, cast in the same mold, ridiculously like.
Adv. as if, so to speak; as it were, as if it were; quasi, just as,
veluti in speculum.
Phr. et sic de similibus; tel maitre tel valet; tel pere tel fils;
like master, like servant; like father, like son; the fruit doesn't fall
far from the tree; a chip off the old block
<-- p. 6 -->
#18. Dissimilarity. -- N. dissimilarity, dissimilaritude; unlikeness,
diversity, disparity, dissemblance; divergence, variation.; difference &c.
15; novelty, originality; creativeness; oogamy.
V. be unlike &c. adj.; vary &c. (differ) 15; bear no resemblance to,
differ toto coelo.
render unlike &c. adj.; vary &c. (diversify) 140.
Adj. dissimilar, unlike, disparate; divergent; of a different kind &c.
(class) 75 unmatched, unique; new, novel; unprecedented &c. 83; original.
nothing of the kind; no such thing, quite another thing; far from it,
cast in a different mold, tertium quid, as like a dock as a daisy, "very
like a whale " [Hamlet]; as different as chalk from cheese, as different
as Macedon and Monmouth; lucus a non lucendo.
diversified &c. 16a.
Adv. otherwise.
Phr. diis aliter visum; " no more like my father than I to Hercules"
[Hamlet].
#19. Imitation. -- N. imitation; copying &c. v.; transcription;
repetition, duplication, reduplication; quotation; reproduction;
mimeograph, xerox, facsimile; reprint, offprint.
mockery, mimiery; simulation, impersonation, personation;
representation &c. 554; semblance; copy &c. 21; assimilation.
paraphrase, parody &c. 21.
plagiarism; forgery, counterfeit &c. (falsehood) 544; celluloid.
imitator, echo, cuckoo|, parrot, ape, monkey, mocking bird, mime;
copyist, copycat; plagiarist, pirate.
V. imitate, copy, mirror, reflect, reproduce, repeat; do like, echo,
reecho, catch; transcribe; match, parallel.
mock, take off, mimic, ape, simulate, impersonate, personate; act &c.
(drama) 599; represent &c.. 554; counterfeit, parody, travesty, caricature,
burlesque.
follow in the steps of, tread in the steps, follow in the footsteps
of, follow in the wake of; take pattern by; follow suit, follow the
example of; walk in the shoes of, take a leaf out of another's book, strike
in with, follow suit; take after, model after; emulate.
Adj. imitated &c. v.; mock, mimic; modelled after, molded on.
paraphrastic; literal; imitative; secondhand; imitable; aping, apish,
mimicking.
Adv. literally, to the letter, verbatim, literatim, sic, totidem
verbis, word for word, mot a mot; exactly, precisely.
Phr.like master like man; " like - but oh! how different! "
[Wordsworthl; " genius borrows nobly " [Emerson]; pursuing echoes calling
'mong the rocks " [A. Coles]; " quotation confesses inferiority "
[Emerson].
#20. Nonimitation. -- N. no imitation; originality; creativeness.
invention, creation.
Adj. unimitated, uncopied; unmatched, unparalleled; inimitable &c. 13;
unique, original; creative, inventive, untranslated; exceptional, rare, sui
generis uncommon, unexampled.
#22. [Thing copied.] Prototype. -- N. prototype, original, model,
pattern, precedent, standard, ideal, reference, scantling, type; archetype,
antitype; protoplast, module, exemplar, example, ensample, paradigm; lay-
figure.
text, copy, design; fugleman, keynote. die, mold; matrix, last, plasm;
proplasm, protoplasm; mint; seal, punch, intaglio, negative; stamp.
V. be an example, be a role model, set an example; set a copy. Phr. a
precedent embalms a principle [Disraeli]; exempla sunt odiosa.
<-- p. 7 -->
4. GENERAL RELATION
#23. Agreement. -- N. agreement; accord, accordance; unison, harmony;
concord &c. 714; concordance, concert; understanding, mutual understanding.
conformity &c.. 82; conformance; uniforinity &c.. 1*6; consonance,
consentaneousness, consistency; congruity, congruence; keeping;
congeniality; correspondence, parallelism, apposition, union.
fitness, aptness &c. adj.; relevancy; pertinence, pertinencey;
sortance|; case in point; aptitude, coaptation, propriety, applicability,
admissibility, commensurability, compatibility; cognation &c. (relation) 9.
adaption, adjustment, graduation, accommodation; reconciliation,
reconcilement; assimilation.
consent &c. (assent) 488; concurrence &c. 178; cooperation &c. 709.
right man in the right place, very thing,; quite the thing, just the
thing.
V. be accordant &c. adj.; agree, accord, harmonize; correspond, tally,
respond; meet, suit, fit, befit, do, adapt itself to; fall in with, chime
in with, square with, quadrate with, consort with, comport with; dovetail,
assimilate; fit like a glove, fit to a tittle, fit to a T; match &c. 17;
become one; homologate.
consent &c.. (assent) 488.
render accordant &c. adj.; fit, suit, adapt, accommodate; graduate;
adjust &c. (render, equal) 27; dress, regulate, readjust; accord,
harmonize,. reconcile; fadge, dovetail, square.
Adj. agreeing, suiting &c. v.; in accord, accordant, concordant,
consonant, congruous, consentaneous, correspondent, congenial; coherent;
becoming; harmonious reconcilable, conformable; in accordance with, in
harmony with, in keeping with, in unison with, &c. n.; at one with, of one
mind, of a piece; consistent, compatible, proportionate; commensurate; on
all fours.
apt, apposite, pertinent, pat; to the point, to the purpose; happy,
felicitous, germane, ad rem, in point, on point, directly on point, bearing
upon, applicable, relevant, admissible.
fit adapted, in loco, a propos, appropriate, seasonable, sortable,
suitable, idoneous, deft; meet &c. (expedient) 646.
at home, in one's proper element.
Adv. a propos of; pertinently &c.. adj.
Phr. rem acu tetigisti; if the shoe fits, wear it; the cap fits;
auxilia humilia firma consensus facit [Syrus]; discers concordia [Ovid].
<-- p. 8 -->
#24. Disagreement. -- N. disagreement; discord, discordance;
dissonance, dissidence, discrepancy; unconformity &c.. 83; incongruity,
incongruence; discongruity, mesalliance; jarring &c. v.; dissension &c.
713; conflict &c.. (opposition) 708; bickering, clashing, misunderstanding,
wrangle.
disparity, mismatch, disproportion; dissimilitude, inequality;
disproportionateness &c. adj.; variance, divergence, repugnance.
unfitness &c. adj.; inaptitude, impropriety; inapplicability &c..
adj.; inconsistency, inconcinnity; irrelevancy &c.. (irrelation) 10.
misjoining, misjoinder; syncretism, intrusion, interference; concordia
discors.
fish out of water.
V. disagree; clash, jar &c.. (discord) 713; interfere, intrude, come
amiss; not concern &c. 10; mismatch; humano capiti cervicem jungere
equinam.
Adj. disagreeing &c.. v.; discordant, discrepant; at variance, at war;
hostile, antagonistic, repugnant, incompatible, irreconcilable,
inconsistent with; unconformable, exceptional &c.. 83; intrusive,
incongruous; disproportionate, disproportionated; unharmonious;
unconsonant; divergent, repugnant to.
inapt, unapt, inappropriate, improper; unsuited, unsuitable;
inapplicable, not to the point; unfit, unfitting, unbefitting; unbecoming;
illtimed, unseasonable, mal a propos, inadmissible; inapposite &c..
(irrelevant) 10. uncongenial; ill-assorted, ill-sorted; mismatched,
misjoined, misplaced, misclassified; unaccommodating, irreducible,
uncommensurable; unsympathetic.
out of character, out of keeping, out of proportion, out of joint,
out of tune, out of place, out of season, out of its element; at odds
with, at variance with.
Adv. in defiance, in contempt,in spite of; discordantly &c. adj.; a
tort et a travers.
Phr. asinus ad lyram.
SECTION III. Q U A N T I T Y
1. SIMPLE QUANTITY
#25. [Absolute quantity.] Quantity. -- N. quantity, magnitude; size
&c. (dimensions) 192; amplitude, magnitude, mass, amount, sum, quantum,
measure, substance, strength, force.
[Science of quantity.] mathematics, mathesis.
[Logic.] category, general conception, universal predicament.
[Definite or finite quantity.] armful, handful, mouthful, spoonful,
capful; stock, batch, lot, dose; yaffle.
V. quantify, measure, fix, estimate, determine, quantitate, enumerate.
Adj. quantitative, some, any, aught, more or less, a few.
Adv. to the tune of, all of, a full, the sum of, fully, exactly,
precisely..
#26. [Relative quantity.] Degree. -- N. degree, grade, extent,
measure, amount, ratio, stint, standard, height, pitch; reach, amplitude,
range, scope, caliber; gradation, shade; tenor, compass; sphere, station,
rank, standing; rate, way, sort.
point, mark, stage &c.. (term) 71; intensity, strength &c. (greatness)
31.
Adj. comparative; gradual, shading off; within the bounds &c. (limit)
233.
Adv. by degrees, gradually, inasmuch, pro tanto; however, howsoever;
step by step, bit by bit, little by little, inch by inch, drop by drop; a
little at a time, by inches, by slow degrees, by degrees, by little and
little; in some degree, in some measure; to some extent; di grado in grado.
2. COMPARATIVE QUANTITY
#27. [Sameness of quantity or degree.] Equality. -- N. equality,
parity, coextension, symmetry, balance, poise; evenness, monotony, level.
equivalence; equipollence, equipoise, equilibrium, equiponderance;
par, quits, a wash; not a pin to choose; distinction without a difference,
six of one and half a dozen of the other; tweedle dee and tweedle dum;
identity &c. 13; similarity &c.. 17.
equalization, equation; equilibration, co*ordination, adjustment,
readjustment. drawn game, drawn battle; neck and neck race; tie, draw,
standoff, dead heat.
match, peer, compeer, equal, mate, fellow, brother; equivalent.
V. be equal &c.. adj.; equal, match,reach, keep pace with, run
abreast; come to, amount to, come up to; be on a level with, lie on a level
with; balance; cope with; come to the same thing.
render equal &c. adj.; equalize level, dress, balance, equate,
handicap, give points, spot points, handicap, trim, adjust, poise; fit,
accommodate; adapt &c. (render accordant) 23; strike a balance; establish
equality, restore equality, restore equilibrium; readjust; stretch on the
bed of Procrustes.
Adj. equal, even, level, monotonous, coequal, symmetrical, coordinate;
on a par with, on a level with, on a footing with; up to the mark;
equiparant.
equivalent, tantamount; indistinguishable; quits; homologous;
synonymous &c.. 522; resolvable into, convertible, much at one, as broad as
long, neither more nor less.; much the same as, the same thing as, as good
as; all one, all the same; equipollent, equiponderant, equiponderous,
equibalanced; equalized &c. v.; drawn; half and half; isochronal,
isochronous isoperimetric, isoperimetrical; isobath, isobathic.
Adv. equally &c. adj.; pari passu, ad eundum, caeteris paribus; in
equilibrio; to all intents and purposes.
Phr. it comes to the same thing, it amounts to the same thing; what
is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.
#28. [Difference of quantity or degree.] Inequality. -- N. inequality;
disparity, imparity; odds; difference &c. 15; unevenness; inclination of
the balance, partiality, bias, weight; shortcoming; casting weight, make-
weight; superiority &c. 33; inferiority &c. 34; inequation.
V. be unequal &c. adj.; countervail; have the advantage, give the
advantage; turn the scale; kick the beam; topple,topple over; overmatch
&c.. 33; not come up to &c. 34.
Adj. unequal, uneven, disparate, partial; unbalanced, overbalanced;
top-heavy, lopsided, biased, skewed; disquiparant.
Adv. haud passibus aequis [Vergil].
<-- p. 9 -->
#29. Mean. -- N. mean, medium, intermedium, average, balance,
mediocrity, generality;median, mode; golden mean &c. (mid-course) 628;
middle &c.. 68; compromise &c. 774; middle course, middle state;
neutrality.
V. split the difference; take the average &c. n.; reduce to a mean &c.
n.; strike a balance, pair off.
Adj. mean, intermediate; middle &c. 68; average; neutral.
mediocre, middle-class; commonplace &c. (unimportant) 643.
Adv. on an average, in the long run; taking one with another, taking
all things together, taking it for all in all; communibus annis, in round
numbers.
Phr. medium tenuere beati.
#30. Compensation. -- N. compensation, equation; commutation;
indemnification; compromise &c.. 774 neutralization, nullification;
counteraction &c. 179; reaction; measure for measure. retaliation &c. 718
equalization &c.. 27; robbing Peter to pay Paul.
set-off, offset; make-weight, casting-weight; counterpoise, ballast;
indemnity, equivalent, quid pro,quo; bribe, hush money; amends &c..
(atonement) 952; counterbalance, counterclaim; cross-debt, cross-demand.
V. make compensation; compensate, compense; indemnify; counteract,
countervall, counterpoise; balance; outbalance, overbalance,
counterbalance; set off; hedge, square, give and take; make up for, lee
way; cover, fill up, neutralize, nullify; equalize &c. 27; make good;
redeem &c. (atone) 952.
Adj. compensating, compensatory; countervailing &c. v.; in the
opposite scale; equivalent &c.. (equal) 27.
Adv. in return, in consideration; but, however, yet, still,
notwithstanding; nevertheless, nathless, none the less; although, though;
albeit, howbeit; mauger; at all events, at any rate; be that as it may, for
all that, even so, on the other, hand, at the same time, quoad minus, quand
meme, however that may be; after all is said and done; taking one thing
with another &c. (average) 29.
Phr. " light is mingled with the gloom " [Whittier]; every dark cloud
has a silver lining; primo avulso non deficit alter [Vergil]; saepe creat
molles aspera spina rosas [Ovid].
QUANTITY BY COMPARISON WITH A STANDARD
#31. Greatness. -- N. greatness &c. adj.; magnitude; size &c.
(dimensions) 192; multitude &c. (number) 102; immensity; enormity; infinity
&c. 105; might, strength, intensity, fullness; importance &c. 642.
great quantity, quantity, deal, power, sight, pot, volume, world;
mass, heap &c. (assemblage) 72; stock &c. (store) 636; peck, bushel, load,
cargo; cartload, wagonload, shipload; flood, spring tide; abundance &c.
(sufficiency) 639.
principal part, chief part, main part, greater part, major part, best
part, essential part ; bulk, mass &c. (whole) 50.
V. be great &c. adj.; run high, soar, tower, transcend; rise to a
great height, carry to a great height; know no bounds; ascend, mount.
enlarge &c.. (increase) 35, (expand) 194.
Adj. great; greater &c. 33; large, considerable, fair, above par; big,
huge &c.. (large in size) 192; Herculean, cyclopean; ample; abundant &c..
(enough) 639 full, intense, strong, sound, passing, heavy, plenary, deep,
high; signal, at its height, in the zenith.
world-wide, widespread, far-famed, extensive; wholesale; many &c. 102.
goodly, noble, precious, mighty; sad, grave, heavy, serious; far gone,
arrant, downright; utter, uttermost; crass, gross, arch, profound, intense,
consummate; rank, uninitiated, red-hot, desperate; glaring, flagrant, stark
staring; thorough-paced, thoroughgoing; roaring, thumping; extraordinary.;
important &c. 642; unsurpassed &c. (supreme) 33; complete &c. 52. august,
grand, dignified, sublime, majestic &c. (repute) 873.
vast, immense, enormous, extreme; inordinate, excessive, extravagant,
exorbitant, outrageous, preposterous, unconscionable, swinging, monstrous,
overgrown; towering, stupendous, prodigious, astonishing, incredible;
marvelous &c..
870.
unlimited &c.. (infinite) 105; unapproachable, unutterable,
indescribable, ineffable, unspeakable, inexpressible, beyond expression,
fabulous.
undiminished, unabated, unreduced, unrestricted.
absolute, positive, stark, decided, unequivocal, essential, perfect,
finished.
remarkable, of mark, marked, pointed, veriest; noteworthy; renowned.
Adv. [in a positive degree] truly &c. (truth) 494; decidedly,
unequivocally, purely, absolutely, seriously, essentially, fundamentally,
radically, downright, in all conscience; for the most part, in the main.
[in a complete degree] entirely &c. (completely) 52; abundantly &c.
(sufficiently) 639; widely, far and wide.
[in a great or high degree] greatly &c. adj.; much, muckle, well,
indeed, very, very much, a deal, no end of, most, not a little; pretty,
pretty well; enough, in a great measure, richly; to a large extent, to a
great extent, to a gigantic extent; on a large scale; so; never so, ever
so; ever so dole; scrap, shred, tag, splinter, rag, much; by wholesale;
mighty, powerfully; with a witness, ultra, in the extreme, extremely,
exceedingly, intensely, exquisitely, acutely, indefinitely, immeasurably;
beyond compare, beyond comparison, beyond measure, beyond all bounds;
incalculably, infinitely.
[in a supreme degree] preeminently, superlatively &c. (superiority)
33.
[in a too great degree] immoderately, monstrously, preposterously,
inordinately, exorbitantly, excessively, enormously, out of all proportion,
with a vengeance.
[in a marked degree] particularly, remarkably, singularly, curiously,
uncommonly, unusually, peculiarly, notably, signally, strikingly,
pointedly, mainly, chiefly; famously, egregiously, prominently, glaringly,
emphatically, <gr/kat ezochin/>, strangely, wonderfully, amazingly,
surprisingly, astonishingly, incredibly, marvelously, awfully,
stupendously.
[in an exceptional degree] peculiarly &c.. (unconformity) 83.
[in a violent degree] furiously &c. (violence) 173; severely,
desperately, tremendously, extravagantly, confoundedly, deucedly,
devilishly, with a vengeance; a outrance, a toute outrance.
[in a painful degree] painfully, sadly, grossly, sorely, bitterly,
piteously, grievously, miserably, cruelly, woefully, lamentably,
shockingly, frightfully, dreadfully, fearfully, terribly, horribly.
Phr. a maximis ad minima; " greatness knows itself" [Henry IV]; "
mightiest powers by deepest calms are fed " [B. Cornwall]; minimum decet
libere cui multum licet [Seneca]; " some are born great, some achieve
greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them " [Twelfth Night].
<-- p. 10 -->
#32. Smallness. -- N. smallness &c. adj.; littleness &c.. (small size)
193; tenuity; paucity; fewness &c (small number) 103; meanness,
insignificance (unimportance) 643; mediocrity, moderation.
small quantity, modicum, trace, hint, minimum; vanishing point;
material point, atom, particle, molecule, corpuscle, point, speck, dot,
mote, jot, iota, ace; minutiae, details; look, thought, idea, soupcon, dab,
dight, whit, tittle, shade, shadow; spark, scintilla, gleam; touch, cast;
grain, scruple, granule, globule, minim, sup, sip, sop, spice, drop,
droplet, sprinkling, dash, morceau, screed, smack, tinge, tincture; inch,
patch, scantling,
tatter, cantlet, flitter, gobbet, mite, bit, morsel, crumb, seed, fritter,
shive; snip, snippet; snick, snack, snatch, slip, scrag; chip, chipping;
shiver, sliver, driblet, clipping, paring, shaving, hair.
nutshell; thimbleful, spoonful, handful, capful, mouthful; fragment;
fraction &c. (part) 51; drop in the ocean.
animalcule &c. 193.
trifle &c. (unimportant thing) 643; mere nothing, next to nothing;
hardly anything; just enough to swear by; the shadow of a shade.
finiteness, finite quantity.
V. be small &c. adj.; lie in a nutshell.
diminish &c. (decrease) 36; (contract) 195.
Adj. small, little; diminutive &c. (small in size) 193; minute; fine;
inconsiderable, paltry &c. (unimportant) 643; faint &c. (weak) 160;
slender, light, slight, scanty, scant, limited; meager &c. (insufficient)
640; sparing; few &c. 103; low, so-so, middling, tolerable, no great
shakes; below par, under par, below the mark; at a low ebb; halfway;
moderate, modest; tender, subtle.
inappreciable, evanescent, infinitesimal, homeopathic, very small;
atomic, corpuscular, microscopic, molecular, subatomic.
mere, simple, sheer, stark, bare; near run.
dull, petty, shallow, stolid, ungifted, unintelligent.
Adv. [in a small degree] to a small extent, on a small scale; a little
bit, a wee bit; slightly &c. adj.; imperceptibly; miserably, wretchedly;
insufficiently &c. 640; imperfectly; faintly &c. 160; passably, pretty
well, well enough.
[in a certain or limited degree] partially, in part; in a certain
degree, to a certain degree; to a certain extent; comparatively; some,
rather in some degree, in some measure; something, somewhat; simply, only,
purely, merely; at least, at the least, at most, at the most; ever so
little, as little as may be, tant soit peu, in ever so small a degree; thus
far, pro tanto, within bounds, in a manner, after a fashion, so to speak.
almost, nearly, well-nigh, short of, not quite, all but; near upon,
close upon; peu s'en faut, near the mark; within an ace of, within an inch
of; on the brink of; scarcely, hardly, barely, only just, no more than. [in
an uncertain degree] about, thereabouts, somewhere about, nearly, say; be
the same, be little more or less. [in no degree] no ways, no way, no wise;
not at all, not in the least, not a bit, not a bit of it, not a whit, not a
jot, not a shadow; in no wise, in no respect; by no means, by no manner of
means; on no account, at no hand.
Phr. dare pondus idonea fumo [Persius]; magno conatu magnas nugas
[Terence]; " small sands the mountain, moments make the year [Young].
<-- p. 11 -->
QUANTITY BY COMPARISON WITH A SIMILAR OBJECT
#33. Superiority. [Supremacy.] -- N. superiority, majority; greatness
&c.. 31; advantage; pull; preponderance, preponderation; vantage ground,
prevalence, partiality; personal superiority; nobility &c.. (rank) 875;
Triton among the minnows, primus inter pares, nulli secundus, captain;
crackajack * [U. S.].
supremacy, preeminence; lead; maximum; record; <gr/trikumia/>, climax;
culmination &c. (summit) 210; transcendence; ne plus ultra; lion's share,
Benjamin's mess; excess, surplus &c. (remainder) 40; (redundance) 641.
V. be superior &c.. adj.; exceed, excel, transcend; outdo, outbalance,
outweigh, outrank, outrival, out-Herod; pass, surpass, get ahead of; over-
top, override, overpass, overbalance, overweigh, overmatch; top, o'ertop,
cap, beat, cut out; beat hollow; outstrip &c.. 303; eclipse, throw into the
shade, take the shine out of, outshine, put one's nose out of joint; have
the upper hand, have the whip hand of, have the advantage; turn the scale,
kick the beam; play first fiddle &c.. (importance) 642,; preponderate,
predominate, prevail; precede, take precedence, come first; come to a
head, culminate; beat &c. all others,
bear the palm; break the record; take the cake * [U. S.].
become larger, render larger &c.. (increase) 35, (expand) 194.
Adj. superior, greater, major, higher; exceeding &c. v.;great &c. 31;
distinguished, ultra; vaulting; more than a match for.
supreme, greatest, utmost, paramount, preeminent, foremost, crowning;
first-rate &c. (important) 642, (excellent) 648; unrivaled peerless,
matchless; none such, second to none, sans pareil; unparagoned,
unparalleled, unequalled, unapproached, unsurpassed; superlative,
inimitable facile princeps, incomparable, sovereign, without parallel,
nulli secundus, ne plus ultra; beyond compare, beyond comparison;
culminating &c. (topmost) 210; transcendent, transcendental;plus royaliste
que le Roi, more catholic than the Pope
increased &c. (added to) 35; enlarged &c. (expanded) 194.
Adv. beyond, more, over; over the mark, above the mark; above par;
upwards of, in advance of; over and above; at the top of the scale, at its
height.
[in a superior or supreme degree] eminently, egregiously,
preeminently, surpassing, prominently, superlatively, supremely, above all,
of all things, the most, to crown all, <gr/kat ezokin/gr>, par excellence,
principally, especially, particularly, peculiarly, a fortiori, even, yea,
still more.
Phr. " I shall not look upon his like again " [Hamlet]; deos fortioribus
addesse [Tacitus].
<-- p. 12 -->
#34. Inferiority. -- N. inferiority, minority, subordinacy;
shortcoming, deficiency; minimum; smallness &c. 32; imperfection; lower
quality, lower worth.
[personal inferiority] commonalty &c. 876.
V. be inferior &c. adj.; fall short of, come short of; not pass, not
come up to; want.
become smaller, render smaller &c. (decrease) 36, (contract) 195; hide
its diminished head, retire into the shade, yield the palm, play second
fiddle, be upstaged, take a back seat.
Adj. inferior, smaller; small &c. 32; minor, less, lesser, deficient,
minus, lower, subordinate, secondary; secondrate &c.. (imperfect) 651; sub,
subaltern; thrown into the shade; weighed in the balance and found wanting;
not fit to hold a candle to, can't hold a candle to.
least, smallest &c. (see little, small &c. 193); lowest.
diminished &c. (decreased) 36; reduced &c. (contracted) 195;
unimportant &c. 643.
Adv. less; under the mark, below the mark,below par; at the bottom of the
scale, at a low ebb, at a disadvantage; short of, under.
#36. Nonincrease, Decrease. -- N. decrease, diminution; lessening &c.
v.; subtraction &c. 38; reduction, abatement, declension; shrinking &c.
(contraction.) 195; coarctation|; abridgment &c. (shortening) 201;
extenuation.
subsidence, wane, ebb, decline; ebbing; descent &c. 306; decrement,
reflux, depreciation; deterioration &c. 659; anticlimax; mitigation &c.
(moderation) 174.
V. decrease, diminish, lessen; abridge &c. (shorten) 201; shrink &c.
(contract) 195; drop off, fall off, tail off; fall away, waste, wear; wane,
ebb, decline; descend &c. 306; subside; melt away, die away; retire into
the shade, hide its diminished head, fall to a low ebb, run low, languish,
decay, crumble.
bate, abate, dequantitate|; discount; depreciate; extenuate, lower,
weaken, attenuate, fritter away; mitigate &c. (moderate) 174; dwarf, throw
into the shade; reduce &c. 195; shorten &c. 201; subtract &c. 38.
Adj. unincreased &c. (see increase &c.35); decreased &c. v.; decreasing &c.
v.; on the wane &c. n.
Phr. " a gilded halo hovering round decay " [Byron); " fine by degrees
and beautifully less " [Prior].
<-- p. 13 -->
3. CONJUNCTIVE QUANTITY
#37. Addition. -- N. addition, annexation, adjection; junction &c. 43;
superposition, superaddition, superjunction, superfetation; accession,
reinforcement; increase &c. 35; increment, supplement; accompaniment &c.
88; interposition &c. 228; insertion &c. 300.
V. add, annex, affix, superadd, subjoin, superpose; clap on, saddle
on; tack to, append, tag; ingraft; saddle with; sprinkle; introduce &c.
(interpose) 228; insert &c. 300.
become added, accrue; advene, supervene.
reenforce, restrengthen; reinforce, swell the ranks of; augment &c.
35.
Adj. added &c. v.; additional; supplemental, supplementary;
suppletory, subjunctive; adjectitious, adscititious, ascititious; additive,
extra, accessory.
Adv. au reste, in addition, more, plus, extra; and, also, likewise,
too, furthermore, further, item; and also, and eke; else, besides, to boot,
et cetera; &c.; and so on, and so forth; into the bargain, cum multis
aliis, over and above, moreover.
with, withal; including, inclusive, as well as, not to mention, let
alone; together with, along with, coupled with, in conjunction with;
conjointly; jointly &c. 43.
Phr. adde parvum parvo magnus acervus erit.
#38. Nonaddition. Subduction. - N. subduction, subtraction; deduction,
retrenchment; removal; ablation, sublation; abstraction &c. (taking) 789;
garbling,, &c. v. mutilation, detruncation; amputation; abscision,
excision, recision; curtailment &c. 201; minuend, subtrahend; decrease &c.
36; abrasion.
V. subduct, subtract; deduct, deduce; bate, retrench; remove,
withdraw; take from, take away; detract.
garble, mutilate, amputate, detruncate; cut off, cut away, cut out;
abscind, excise; pare, thin, prune, decimate; abrade, scrape, file; geld,
castrate; eliminate.
diminish &c. 36; curtail &c. (shorten) 201; deprive of &c. (take) 789;
weaken.
Adj. subtracted &c. v.; subtractive.
Adv. in deduction &c. n.; less; short of; minus, without, except,
excepting, with the exception of, barring, save, exclusive of, save and
except, with a reservation.
#49. Decomposition. -- N. decomposition, analysis, dissection,
resolution, catalysis, dissolution; corruption &c. (uncleanness) 653;
dispersion &c. 73; disunction &c. 44; disintegration.
V. decompose, decompound; analyze, disembody, dissolve; resolve into
its elements, separate into its elements; electrolyze; dissect,
decentralize, break up; disperse &c. 73; unravel &c. (unroll) 313; crumble
into dust.
Adj. decomposed &c. v.; catalytic, analytical; resolvent, separative,
solvent.
<-- p. 17 -->
4. CONCRETE QUANTITY
#50. Whole. [Principal part.] -- N. whole, totality, integrity;
totalness &c. adj.; entirety, ensemble, collectiveness; unity &c. 87;
completeness &c. 52; indivisibility, indiscerptibility; integration,
embodiment; integer.
all, the whole, total, aggregate, one and all, gross amount, sum, sum
total, tout ensemble, length and breadth of,
Alpha and Omega, " be all and end all "; complex, complexus ; lock stock
and barrel.
bulk, mass, lump, tissue, staple, body, compages; trunk, torso, bole,
hull, hulk, skeleton greater part, major part, best part, principal part,
main part; essential part &c. (importance). 642; lion's share, Benjamin's
mess; the long and the short; nearly, all, almost all.
V. form a whole, constitute a whole; integrate, embody, amass;
aggregate &c. (assemble) 72; amount to, come to.
Adj. whole, total, integral, entire; complete &c. 52; one, individual.
unbroken, uncut, undivided, unsevered, unclipped uncropped, unshorn;
seamless; undiminished; undemolished, undissolved, undestroyed, unbruised.
indivisible, indissoluble, indissolvable, indiscerptible.
wholesale, sweeping; comprehensive.
Adv. wholly, altogeher; totally &c. (completely) 52; entirely, all,
all in all, wholesale, in a body, collectively, all put together; in the
aggregate, in the lump, in the mass, in the gross, in the main, in the long
run; en masse, on the whole, bodily, en bloc, in extenso, throughout, every
inch; substantially.
Phr. tout bien ou rien.
#51. Part. -- N. part, portion; dose; item, particular; aught, any;
division, ward; subdivision, section; chapter, clause, count, paragraph,
verse; article, passage; sector, segment; fraction, fragment; cantle,
frustum; detachment, parcel.
piece, lump, bit cut, cutting; chip, chunk, collop, slice, scale;
lamina &c. 204; small part; morsel, particle &c. (smallness) 32;
installment, dividend; share &c. (allotment) 786.
debris, odds and ends, oddments, detritus; excerpta; member, limb,
lobe, lobule, arm, wing, scion, branch, bough, joint, link, offshoot,
ramification, twig, bush, spray, sprig; runner; leaf, leaflet; stump;
component part &c. 56; sarmentum.
compartment; department &c. (class) 75; county &c. (region) 181.
V. part, divide, break &c. (disjoin) 44; partition &c. (apportion)
786.
Adj. fractional, fragmentary; sectional, aliquot; divided &c. v.; in
compartments, multifid; disconnected; partial.
Adv. partly, in part, partially; piecemeal, part by part; by by
installments,by snatches, by inches, by driblets; bit by bit, inch by inch,
foot by foot, drop by drop; in detail, in lots.
#52. Completeness. -- N. completeness &c. adj.; completion &c. 729;
integration; allness.
entirety; perfection &c. 650; solidity, solidarity; unity; all; ne
plus ultra, ideal, limit.
complement, supplement, make-weight; filling, up &c. v.
impletion; saturation, saturity|; high water; high tide, flood tide,
spring tide; fill, load, bumper, bellyful; brimmer; sufficiency &c. 639.
V. be complete &c. adj.; come to a head.
render complete &c. adj.; complete &c. (accomplish) 729; fill, charge,
load, replenish; make up, make good; piece out, eke out; supply
deficiencies; fill up, fill in, fill to the brim, fill the measure of;
saturate.
go the whole hog, go the whole length; go all lengths.
Adj. complete, entire; whole &c. 50; perfect &c. 650; full, good,
absolute, thorough, plenary; solid, undivided; with all its parts; all-
sided.
exhaustive, radical, sweeping, thorough-going; dead.
regular, consummate, unmitigated, sheer, unqualified, unconditional,
free; abundant &c. (sufficient) 639.
brimming; brimful, topful; chock full, choke full; as full as an egg
is of meat, as full as a vetch; saturated, crammed; replete &c. (redundant)
641; fraught, laden; full-laden, full-fraught, full-charged; heavy laden.
completing &c. v.; supplemental, supplementary; ascititious.
Adv. completely &c. adj.; altogether, outright, wholly, totally, in
toto, quite; all out; over head and ears; effectually, for good and all,
nicely, fully, through thick and thin, head and shoulders; neck and heel,
neck and crop; in all respects, in every respect; at all points, out and
out, to all intents and purposes; toto coelo; utterly; clean, clean as a
whistle; to the full, to the utmost, to the backbone; hollow, stark; heart
and soul, root and branch, down to the ground.
to the top of one's bent, as far as possible, a outrance.
throughout; from first to last, from beginning to end, from end to
end, from one end to the other, from Dan to Beersheba, from head to foot,
from top to toe, from top to bottom, de fond en comble; a fond, a capite ad
calcem , ab ovo usque ad mala, fore and aft; every, whit, every inch; cap-
a-pie, to the end of the chapter; up to the brim, up to the ears, up to the
eyes; as . . . as can be.
on all accounts; sous tous les rapports; with a vengeance, with a
witness.
Phr. falsus in uno falsus in omnib us; omnem movere lapidem; una scopa
nuova spazza bene
#53. Incompleteness. -- N. incompleteness &c. adj.; deficiency, short
measure; shortcoming &c. 304; insufficiency &c. 640; imperfection &c. 651;
immaturity &c. (nonpreparation) 674; half measures.
[part wanting] defect, deficit, defalcation, omission; caret;
shortage; interval &c. 198; break &c. (discontinuity) 70; noncompletion &c.
730 missing link.
V. be incomplete &c. adj.; fall short of &c. 304; lack &c. (be
insufficient) 640; neglect &c. 460.
Adj. incomplete; imperfect &c. 651; unfinished; uncompleted &c. (see
complete &c. 729); defective, deficient, wanting, failing; in default, in
arrear; short, of; hollow, meager, lame, half-and-half, perfunctory,
sketchy; crude &c. (unprepared) 674.
mutilated, garbled, docked, lopped, truncated.
in progress, in hand; going on, proceeding.
Adv. incompletely &c. adj.; by halves.
Phr. caetera desunt; caret.
<-- p. 18 -->
#54. Composition. -- N. composition, constitution, crasis; combination
&c. 48; inclusion, admission, comprehension, reception; embodiment;
formation.
V. be composed of, be made of, be formed of, be made up of; consist
of, be resolved into.
include &c. (in a class) 76; contain, hold, comprehend, take in,
admit, embrace, embody; involve, implicate; drag into.
compose, constitute, form, make; make up, fill up, build up; enter into the
composition of &c. (be a component) 56.
Adj. containing, constituting &c.v.
#55. Exclusion. -- N. exclusion, nonadmission, omission, exception,
rejection, repudiation; exile &c. (seclusion) 893; noninclusion,
preclusion, prohibition.
separation, segregation, seposition, elimination, expulsion;
cofferdam.
V. be excluded from &c.
exclude, bar; leave out, shut out, bar out; reject, repudiate,
blackball; lay apart, put apart, set apart, lay aside, put aside; relegate,
segregate; throw overboard; strike off, strike out; neglect &c. 460; banish
&c. (seclude) 893; separate.&c. (disjoin) 44.
pass over, omit; garble; eliminate, weed, winnow.
Adj. excluding &c. v.; exclusive. excluded &c. v.; unrecounted, not
included in; inadmissible.
Adv. exclusive of, barring; except; with the exception of; save;
bating.
#56. Component. -- N. component; component part, integral part,
integrant part; element, constituent, ingredient, leaven; part and parcel;
contents; appurtenance; feature; member &c. (part) 51; personnel.
V. enter into, enter into the composition of; be a component &c. n; be
part of, form part of &c. 51 ; merge in, be merged in; be implicated in;
share in &c. (participate) 778; belong to, appertain to; combine, inhere
in, unite.
form, make, constitute, compose.
Adj. forming &c. v. inclusive.
#58. Order. -- N. order, regularity, uniformity, symmetry, lucidus
ordo; music of the spheres.
gradation, progression; series &c. (continuity) 69.
subordination; course, even tenor, routine; method, disposition,
arrangement, array, system, economy, discipline orderliness &c. adj.
rank, place &c. (term) 71.
V. be in order, become in order &c. adj.; form, fall in, draw up;
arrrange itself, range itself, place itself; fall into one's palce, take
one's place, take one's rank; rally round.
adjust, methodize, regulate, systematize.
Adj. orderly, regular; in order,in trim, in appleinpie order, in its
proper place; neat, tidy, en regle, well regulated, correct, methodical,
uniform, symmetrical, shipshape, businesslike, systematic; unconfused &c.
(see confuse &c. 61); arranged &c. 60.
Adv. in order; methodically &c. adj.; in -turn, - its turn; step by
step; by regular -steps, -gradations, -stages, -intervals; seriatim,
systematically, by clockwork, gradatim; at stated periods &c.
(periodically) 138.
Phr. natura non facit saltum; "order is heaven's first law" [Pope];
"order from disorder sprung" [Paradise Lost]; ordo est parium dispariumque
rerum sua loca tribuens dispositio [St. Augustine].
#59. [Absence, or want of Order, &c.] Disorder. -- N. disorder;
derangement &c. 61; irregularity; anomaly &c. (unconformity) 83; anarchy,
anarchism; want of method; untidiness &c. adj.; disunion; discord &c. 24.
confusion; confusedness &c. adj.; mishmash, mix; disarray, jumble, huddle,
litter, lumber; cahotage; farrago; mess, mash, muddle, muss [U. S.], hash,
hodgepodge; hotch-potch, hotch-pot; imbroglio, chaos, omnium gatherum,
medley; mere mixture &c. 41; fortuitous concourse of atoms, disjecta
membra, rudis indigestaque moles [Ovid].
turmoil; ferment &c. (agitation) 315; to-do, trouble, pudder, pother,
row, rumble, disturbance, hubbub, convulsion, tumult, uproar, revolution,
riot, rumpus, stour, scramble, brawl, fracas, fight, free-for-all, row,
ruction, rumpus, embroilment, melee, spill and pelt, rough and tumble;
whirlwind &c. 349; bear garden, Babel, Saturnalia, donnybrook, Donnybrook
Fair, confusion worse confounded, most admired disorder, concordia discors;
Bedlam, all hell broke loose; bull in a china shop; all the fat in the
fire, diable a' quatre, Devil to pay; pretty kettle of fish; pretty piece
of work, pretty piece of business.
V. be disorderly &c. adj.; ferment, play at cross-purposes.
put out of order; derange &c. 61; ravel &c. 219; ruffle, rumple.
Adj. disorderly, orderless; out of order, out of place, out of gear;
irregular, desultory; anomalous &c. (unconformable) 83; acephalous,
deranged; aimless; disorganized; straggling; unmethodical, immethodical;
unsymmetric, unsystematic; untidy, slovenly; dislocated; out of sorts;
promiscuous, indiscriminate; chaotic, anarchical; unarranged &c. (see
arrange &c. 60); confused; deranged &c. 61; topsy-turvy &c. (inverted) 218;
shapeless &c. 241; disjointed, out of joint.
troublous; riotous &c. (violent) 173.
Adv. irregularly &c. adj.; by fits, by fits and snatches, by fits and
starts; pellmell; higgledy-piggledy; helter-skelter, harum-scarum; in a
ferment; at sixes and sevens, at cross-purposes; upside down &c. 218.
Phr. the cart before the horse; <gr/hysteron proteron/gr>; chaos is
come again; "the wreck of matter and the crush of worlds " [Addison].
#60. [Reduction to Order.] Arrangement. -- N. arrangement; plan &c.
626; preparation &c. 673; disposal, disposition; collocation, allocation;
distribution; sorting &c. v.; assortment, allotment, apportionment, taxis,
taxonomy, syntaxis, graduation, organization; grouping; tabulation.
analysis, classification, clustering, division, digestion.
[Result of arrangement] digest; synopsis &c. (compendium) 596;
syntagma, table, atlas; file, database; register. &c. (record) 551;
organism, architecture.
[Instrument for sorting] sieve, riddle, screen, sorter.
V. reduce to order, bring into order; introduce order into; rally.
arrange, dispose, place, form; put in order, set in order, place in order;
set out, collocate, pack, marshal, range, size, rank, group, parcel out,
allot, distribute, deal; cast the parts, assign the parts; dispose of,
assign places to; assort, sort; sift, riddle; put to rights, set to rights,
put into shape, put in trim, put in array; apportion.
class, classify; divide; file, string together, thread; register &c.
(record) 551; catalogue, tabulate, index, graduate, digest, grade.
methodize, regulate, systematize, coordinate, organize, settle, fix.
unravel, disentangle, ravel, card; disembroil; feaze.
Adj. arranged &c. v.; embattled, in battle array; cut and dried;
methodical, orderly, regular, systematic.
Phr. "In vast cumbrous array" [Churchill]
#61. [Subversion of Order; bringing into disorder.] Derangement. -- N.
derangement &c. v.; disorder &c. 59; evection, discomposure, disturbance;
disorganization, deorganization; dislocation; perturbation, interruption;
shufflng &c. v.; inversion &c. 218; corrugation &c. (fold) 258;
involvement.
V. derange; disarrange, misarrange; displace, misplace; mislay,
discompose, disorder; deorganize, discombobulate, disorganize; embroil,
unsettle, disturb, confuse, trouble, perturb, jumble, tumble; shuffle,
randomize; huddle, muddle, toss, hustle, fumble, riot; bring into
disorder, put into disorder, throw into disorder &c. 59; muss [U.S.];
break the ranks, disconcert, convulse; break in upon.
unhinge, dislocate, put out of joint, throw out of gear.
turn topsy-turvy &c. (invert) 218; bedevil; complicate, involve,
perplex, confound; imbrangle, embrangle, tangle, entangle, ravel, tousle,
towzle, dishevel, ruffle; rumple &c. (fold) 258.
litter, scatter; mix &c. 41.
Adj. deranged &c. v.; syncretic, syncretistic; mussy, messy; flaky;
random, unordered [U.S.].
2. CONSECUTIVE ORDER
#62. Precedence. -- N. precedence; coming before &c. v.; the lead, le
pas; superiority &c. 33; importance &c. 642; antecedence, antecedency;
anteriority &c. (front) 234; precursor &c. 64; priority &c. 116; precession
&c. 280; anteposition; epacme; preference.
V. precede; come before, come first; head, lead, take the lead; lead
the way, lead the dance; be in the vanguard; introduce, usher in; have the
pas; set the fashion &c. (influence) 175; open the ball; take precedence,
have precedence; have the start &c. (get before) 280.
place before; prefix; premise, prelude, preface.
Adj. preceding &c. v.; precedent, antecedent; anterior; prior &c. 116;
before; former; foregoing; beforementioned, abovementioned, aforementioned;
aforesaid, said; precursory, precursive; prevenient, preliminary,
prefatory, introductory; prelusive, prelusory; proemial, preparatory.
Adv. before; in advance &c. (precession) 280.
Phr. seniores priores; prior tempore prior jure.
#63. Sequence. -- N. sequence, coming after; going after &c.
(following) 281; consecution, succession; posteriority &c. 117.
continuation; order of succession; successiveness; paracme.
secondariness; subordinancy &c. (inferiority) 34.
afterbirth, afterburden; placenta, secundines.
V. succeed; come after, come on, come next; follow, ensue, step into
the shoes of; alternate.
place after, suffix, append.
Adj. succeeding &c.v.; sequent; subsequent, consequent, sequacious,
proximate, next; consecutive &c. (continuity) 69; alternate, amoebean.
latter; posterior &c. 117.
Adv. after, subsequently; behind &c. (rear) 235.
#66. Beginning.-- N. beginning, commencement, opening, outset,
incipience, inception, inchoation; introduction &c. (precursor) 64; alpha,
initial; inauguration, debut, le premier pas, embarcation, rising of the
curtain; maiden speech; outbreak, onset, brunt; initiative, move, first
move; narrow end of the wedge, thin end of the wedge; fresh start, new
departure.
origin &c. (cause) 153; source, rise; bud, germ &c. 153; egg,
rudiment; genesis, primogenesis, birth, nativity, cradle, infancy; start,
inception, creation, starting point &c. 293; dawn &c. (morning) 125;
evolution.
title-page; head, heading; van &c. (front)
234; caption, fatihah.
entrance, entry; inlet, orifice, mouth, chops, lips, porch, portal,
portico, propylon, door; gate, gateway; postern, wicket, threshold,
vestibule; propylaeum; skirts, border &c. (edge) 231.
first stage, first blush, first glance, first impression, first sight.
rudiments, elements, outlines, grammar, alphabet, ABC.
V. begin, commence, inchoate rise, arise, originate, conceive,
initiate, open, dawn, set in, take its rise, enter upon, enter; set out &c.
(depart) 293; embark in; incept.
usher in; lead off, lead the way; take the lead, take the initiative;
inaugurate, head; stand at the head, stand first, stand for; lay the
foundations &c. (prepare) 673; found &c. (cause) 153; set up, set on foot,
agoing, set abroach, set the ball in motion; apply the match to a train;
launch, broach; open up, open the door to; set about, set to work; make a
beginning, make a start; handsel; take the first step, lay the first stone,
cut the first turf; break ground, break the ice, break cover; pass the
Rubicon, cross the Rubicon; open fire, open the ball; ventilate, air;
undertake &c. 676.
come into existence, come into the world; make one's debut, take
birth; burst forth, break out; spring up, crop up, pop up, appear,
materialize.
begin at the beginning, begin ab ovo, begin again, begin de novo;
start afresh, make a fresh start, shuffle the cards, resume, recommence.
Adj. beginning &c. v.; initial, initiatory, initiative; inceptive,
introductory, incipient; proemial, inaugural; inchoate, inchoative;
embryonic, rudimental; primogenial; primeval, primitive, primordial &c.
(old) 124; aboriginal; natal, nascent.
first, foremost, leading; maiden.
begun &c. v.; just begun &c. v.
Adv. at the beginning, in the beginning, &c. n.; first, in the first
place, imprimis, first and foremost; in limine; in the bud, in embryo, in
its infancy; from the beginning, from its birth; ab initio, ab ovo, ab
incunabilis, ab origine.
Phr. aller Anfang ist schwer; dimidium facti qui coepit habet
[Cicero]; omnium rerum principia parva sunt [Cicero].
<-- p. 22 -->
#67. End. -- N. end, close, termination; desinence, conclusion, finis,
finale, period, term, terminus, endpoint, last, omega; extreme, extremity;
gable end, butt end, fag-end; tip, nib, point; tail &c. (rear) 235; verge
&c. (edge) 231; tag, peroration; bonne bouche; bottom dollar, tail end,
rear guard.
consummation, denouement; finish &c. (completion) 729; fate; doom,
doomsday; crack of doom, day of Judgment, dies irae, fall of the curtain;
goal, destination; limit, determination; expiration, expiry, extinction,
extermination; death &c. 360; end of all things; finality; eschatology.
break up, commencement de la fin, last stage, turning point; coup de
grace, deathblow; knock-out, -blow; sockdolager* [U.S.].
V. end, close, finish, terminate, conclude, be all over; expire; die
&c. 360; come-, draw- to a -close &c. n.; have run its course; run out,
pass away. bring to an -end &c. n.; put an end to, make an end of;
determine; get through; achieve &c. (complete) 729; stop &c. (make to
cease) 142; shut up shop; hang up one's fiddle.
Adj. ending &c. v.; final, terminal, definitive; crowning &c.
(completing) 729; last, ultimate; hindermost; rear &c. 235; caudal;
vergent.
conterminate, conterminous, conterminable.
ended &c. v.; at an end; settled, decided, over, played out, set at
rest; conclusive. penultimate; last but one, last but two, &c. unbegun,
uncommenced; fresh.
Adv. finally &c. adj.; in fine; at the last; once for all.
Phr. "as high as Heaven and as deep as hell" [Beaumont & Fletcher];
deficit omne quod nascitur [Quintilian]; en toute chose il faut considerer
la fin; finem respice; ultimus Romanorum.
#68. Middle. -- N. middle, midst, mediety|, mean &c. 29; medium,
middle term; center &c. 222, mid-course &c. 628; mezzo termine; juste
milieu &c. 628; halfway house, nave, navel, omphalos; nucleus, nucleolus.
equidistance, bisection, half distance; equator, diaphragm, midriff;
intermediate &c. 228.
Adj. middle, medial, mesial, mean, mid, median, average; middlemost,
midmost; mediate; intermediate &c. (interjacent) 228; equidistant; central
&c. 222; mediterranean, equatorial; homocentric.
Adv. in the middle; midway, halfway; midships, amidships, in medias
res.
#69. [Uninterrupted sequence.] Continuity. -- N. continuity;
consecution, consecutiveness &c. adj.; succession, round, suite,
progression, series, train chain; catenation, concatenation; scale;
gradation, course; ceaselessness, constant flow, unbroken extent.
procession, column; retinue, cortege, cavalcade, rank and file, line
of battle, array.
pedigree, genealogy, lineage, race; ancestry, descent, family, house;
line, line of ancestors; strain.
rank, file, line, row, range, tier, string, thread, team; suit;
colonnade.
V. follow in a series, form a series &c. n.; fall in.
arrange in a series, collate &c. n.; string together, file, thread,
graduate, organize, sort, tabulate.
Adj. continuous, continued; consecutive; progressive, gradual; serial,
successive; immediate, unbroken, entire; linear; in a line, in a row &c.
n.; uninterrupted, unintermitting; unremitting; perennial, evergreen;
constant.
Adv. continuously &c. adj.; seriatim; in a line &c. n.; in succession,
in turn; running, gradually, step by step, gradatim, at a stretch; in file,
in column, in single file, in Indian file.
#70. [Interrupted sequence.) Discontinuity.-- N. discontinuity;
disjunction &c. 44; anacoluthon; interruption, break, fracture, flaw,
fault, crack, cut; gap &c. (interval) 198; solution of continuity, caesura;
broken thread; parenthesis, episode, rhapsody, patchwork; intermission;
alternation &c. (periodicity) 138; dropping fire.
V. be discontinuous &c. adj.; alternate, intermit, sputter, stop and
start, hesitate.
discontinue, pause, interrupt; intervene; break, break in upon, break
off; interpose &c. 228; break the thread, snap the thread; disconnect &c.
(disjoin) 44; dissever.
Adj. discontinuous, unsuccessive, broken, interrupted, dicousu;
disconnected, unconnected; discrete, disunctive; fitful &c. (irregular)
139; spasmodic, desultory; intermitting, occasional &c. v., intermittent;
alternate; recurrent &c. (periodic) 138.
Adv. at intervals; by snatches, by jerks, by skips, by catches, by
fits and starts; skippingly, per saltum; longo intervallo.
Phr. like "angel visits few and far between" [Campbell].
<-- p. 23 -->
#71. Term. -- N. term, rank, station, stage, step; degree &c. 26;
scale, remove, grade, link, peg, round of the ladder, status, position,
place, point, mark, pas, period, pitch; stand, standing; footing, range.
V. hold a place, occupy a place, find a place, fall into a place &c.
n.
3. COLLECTIVE ORDER
#72. Assemblage. -- N. {opp. 73} assemblage; collection, collocation,
colligation; compilation, levy, gathering, ingathering, muster,
attroupement; team; concourse, conflux, congregation, contesseration|,
convergence &c. 290; meeting, levee, reunion, drawing room, at home;
conversazione &c. (social gathering) 892; assembly, congress; convention,
conventicle; gemote; conclave &c. (council) 696; posse, posse comitatus;
Noah's ark.
miscellany, collectanea; museum, menagerie &c. (store) 636; museology.
crowd, throng, group,; flood, rush, deluge; rabble, mob, press,
crush, cohue, horde, body, tribe; crew, gang, knot, squad, band, party;
swarm, shoal, school, covey, flock, herd, drove; atajo; bunch, drive,
force, mulada [U.S.]; remuda; roundup [U.S.]; array, bevy, galaxy; corps,
company, troop, troupe, task force; army, regiment &c. (combatants) 726;
host &c. (multitude) 102; populousness.
clan, brotherhood, fraternity, sorority, association &c. (party) 712.
volley, shower, storm, cloud.
group, cluster, Pleiades, clump, pencil; set, batch, lot, pack;
budget, assortment, bunch; parcel; packet, package; bundle, fascine,
fasces, bale; seron, seroon; fagot, wisp, truss, tuft; shock, rick, fardel,
stack, sheaf, haycock; fascicle, fascicule, fasciculus, gavel, hattock,
stook.
accumulation &c. (store) 636; congeries, heap, lump, pile, rouleau,
tissue, mass, pyramid; bing; drift; snowball, snowdrift; acervation,
cumulation; glomeration, agglomeration; conglobation; conglomeration,
conglomerate; coacervate, coacervation, coagmentation, aggregation,
concentration, congestion, omnium gaterum, spicilegium, black hole of
Calcutta; quantity &c. (greatness) 31.
collector, gatherer; whip, whipper in.
V. [be or come together] assemble, collect, muster; meet, unite, join,
rejoin; cluster, flock, swarm, surge, stream, herd, crowd, throng,
associate; congregate, conglomerate, concentrate; precipitate; center
round, rendezvous, resort; come together, flock get together, pig together;
forgather; huddle; reassemble.
[get or bring together] assemble, muster; bring together, get
together, put together, drawtogether, scrape together, lump together;
collect, collocate, colligate; get , whip in; gather; hold a meeting;
convene, convoke, convocate; rake up, dredge; heap, mass, pile; pack, put
up, truss, cram; acervate; agglomerate, aggregate; compile; group, aggroup,
concentrate, unite; collect into a focus, bring into a focus; amass,
accumulate &c. (store) 636; collect in a dragnet; heap Ossa upon Pelion.
Adj. assembled &c. v.; closely packed, dense, serried, crowded to
suffocation, teeming, swarming, populous; as thick as hops; all of a heap,
fasciculated cumulative.
Phr. the plot thickens; acervatim; tibi seris tibi metis.
#74. [Place of meeting.] Focus. -- N. focus; point of convergence &c.
290; corradiation; center &c. 222; gathering place, resort haunt retreat;
venue; rendezvous; rallying point, headquarters, home, club; depot &c.
(store) 636; trysting place; place of meeting, place of resort, place of
assignation; point de reunion; issue.
V. bring to a point, bring to a focus, bring to an issue.
#76. Inclusion. [Comprehension under, or reference to a class.] -- N.
inclusion, admission, comprehension, reception.
composition &c. (inclusion in a compound) 54.
V. be -included in &c.; come -, fall -, range- under; belong -,
pertain- to; range with; merge in.
include, comprise, comprehend, contain, admit, embrace, receive;
inclose &c. (circumscribe) 229; embody, encircle.
reckon -, enumerate -, number- among; refer to; place -, arrange- -
under, - with; take into account.
Adj. included, -ing &c. v.; inclusive; congen-er, -erous; of the same
-class &c. 75; encircling.
Phr. a maximis ad minima, et hoc genus omne, &c., etc.; et coetera.
#77. Exclusion. -- N. [The same set of words is used to express
exclusion from a class and exclusion from a compound. Reference is
therefore made to the former at 55. This identity does not occur with
regard to inclusion, which therefore constitutes a separate category.]
exclusion &c. 55.
#78. Generality. -- N. generality, generalization; universality;
catholicity, catholicism; miscellany, miscellaneousness; dragnet; common
run; worldwideness.
everyone, everybody; all hands, all the world and his wife; anybody, N
or M, all sorts.
prevalence, run.
V. be general &c. adj.; prevail, be going about, stalk abroad.
render general &c. adj.; generalize.
Adj. general, generic, collective; broad, comprehensive, sweeping;
encyclopedical, widespread &c. (dispersed) 73.
universal; catholic, catholical; common, worldwide; , ecumenical,
oecumenical; transcendental; prevalent, prevailing, rife, epidemic,
besetting; all over, covered with.
Pan-American, Anglican, Pan-Hellenic, Pan-Germanic, slavic;
panharmonic.
every, all; unspecified, impersonal.
customary &c. (habitual) 613.
Adv. whatever, whatsoever; to a man, one and all.
generally &c. adj.; always, for better for worse; in general,
generally speaking; speaking generally; for the most part; in the long run
&c. (on an average) 29.
<-- p. 25 -->
#79. Speciality. -- N. {opp. 78} speciality, specialite;
individuality, individuity|; particularity, peculiarity; idiocrasy &c.
(tendency) 176; personality, characteristic, mannerism, idiosyncrasy;
specificness &c. adj.; singularity &c. (unconformity) 83; reading, version,
lection; state; trait; distinctive feature; technicality; differentia.
particulars, details, items, counts; minutiae.
I, self, I myself; myself, himself, herself, itself.
V. specify, particularize, individualize, realize, specialize,
designate, determine; denote, indicate, point out, select.
descend to particulars, enter into detail, go into detail, come to the
point.
Adj. special, particular, individual, specific, proper, personal,
original, private, respective, definite, determinate, especial, certain,
esoteric, endemic, partial, party, peculiar, appropriate, several,
characteristic, diagnostic, exclusive; singular &c. (exceptional) 83;
idiomatic; idiotypical; typical.
this, that; yon, yonder.
Adv. specially, especially, particularly &c. adj.; in particular,
in propria persona; ad hominem; for my part.
each, apiece, one by one, one at a time; severally, respectively, each
to each; seriatim, in detail, in great detail, in excruciating detail, in
mind-numbing detail; bit by bit; pro hac vice, pro re nata.
namely, that is to say, for example, id est, exemplia gratia, e.g.,
i.e.,videlicet, viz.; to wit.
Phr. le style est l'homme meme.
#81. Multiformity. -- N. multiformity, omniformity; variety,
diversity; multifariousness &c. adj.; varied assortment.
Adj. multiform, multifold, multifarious, multigenerous, multiplex;
variform, manifold, many-sided; omniform, omnigenous, omnifarious;
heterogeneous, motley, mosaic; epicene, indiscriminate, desultory,
irregular, diversified, different divers; all manner of; of every
description, of all sorts and kinds; et hoc genus omne; and what not? de
omnibus rebus et quibusdam aliis.
Phr. "harmoniously confused" [Pope]; variety's the very spice of life"
[Cowper].
#82. Conformity. -- N. {opp. 83} conformity, conformance; observance;
habituation. naturalization; conventionality &c. (custom) 613; agreement
&c. 23.
example, instance, specimen, sample, quotation; exemplification,
illustration, case in point; object lesson; elucidation.
standard, model, pattern &c. (prototype) 22.
rule, nature, principle; law; order of things; normal state, natural
state, ordinary state, model state, normal condition, natural condition,
ordinary condition, model condition; standing dish, standing order;
Procrustean law; law of the Medes and Persians; hard and fast rule.
V. conform to, conform to rule; accommodate oneself to, adapt oneself
to; rub off corners.
be regular &c. adj.; move in a groove; follow observe the rules, go by
the rules, bend to the rules ,obey the rules, obey the precedents; comply
with, tally with, chime in with, fall in with; be guided by, be regulated
by; fall into a custom,fall into a usage; follow the fashion, follow the
crowd, follow the multitude; pass muster, do as others do, hurler avec les
loups; stand on ceremony; when in Rome do as the Romans do; go with the
stream, go with the flow, swim with the stream, swim with the current, swim
with the tide, blow with the wind; stick to the beaten track &c. (habit)
613; keep one in countenance.
exemplify, illustrate, cite, quote, quote precedent, quote authority,
appeal to authority, put a case; produce an instance &c. n.; elucidate,
explain.
Adj. conformable to rule; regular &c. 136; according to regulation,
according to rule, according to Hoyle, according to Cocker, according to
Gunter; en regle, selon Ies, reges, well regulated, orderly; symmetric &c.
242.
conventional &c. (customary) 613; of daily occurrence, of everyday
occurrence; in the natural order of things; ordinary, common, habitual,
usual, everyday, workaday.
in the order of the day; naturalized.
typical, normal, nominal, formal; canonical, orthodox, sound, strict,
rigid, positive, uncompromising, Procrustean.
secundum artem, shipshape, technical. exempIe. illustrative, in point.
Adv. conformably &c. adj.; by rule; agreeably to; in conformity with,
in accordance with, in keeping with; according to; consistently with; as
usual, ad instar, instar omnium; more solito, more-majorum. for the sake of
conformity; as a matter of course, of course; pro forma, for form's sake,
by the card.
invariably, &c. (uniformly) 16.
for example, for instance; exempli gratia; e. g.
inter alia.
Phr. cela va sans dire; ex pede Herculem; noscitur a sociis; ne e
quovis ligno Mercurius fiat [Erasmus]; "they are happy men whose natures
sort with their vocations" [Bacon]. "The nail that sticks up will get
hammered down" [Japanese saying]; "Stick your neck out and it may get cut
off."
<-- p. 26 -->
#83. Unconformity.-- N. nonconformity &c. 82; unconformity,
disconformity; unconventionality, informality, abnormity, abnormality,
anomaly; anomalousness &c. adj.; exception, peculiarity; infraction of
law, breach, of law, violation of law, violation of custom, violation of
usage, infringement of law, infringement of custom, infringement of
usage; teratism, eccentricity, bizarrerie, oddity, je ne sais quoi,
monster, monstrosity, rarity; freak, freak of Nature, wierdo, mutant;
rouser, snorter* [U.S.].
individuality, idiosyncrasy, originality, mannerism.
aberration; irregularity; variety; singularity; exemption; salvo &c.
(qualification) 469.
nonconformist; nondescript, character, original, nonsuch, monster,
prodigy, wonder, miracle, curiosity, flying fish, black sheep, black swan,
lusus naturae, rara avis, queer fish; mongrel, random breed; half-caste,
half-blood, half-breed; metis, crossbreed, hybrid, mule, hinny, mulatto;
tertium quid, hermaphrodite.
phoenix, chimera, hydra, sphinx, minotaur; griffin, griffon; centaur;
saggittary; kraken, cockatrice, wyvern, roc, dragon, sea serpent; mermaid;
unicorn; Cyclops, "men whose heads do grow beneath their shoulders"
[Othello]; teratology.
fish out of water; neither one thing nor another, neither fish nor
fowl, neither fish flesh nor fowl nor good red herring; one in a million,
one in a way, one in a thousand; outcast, outlaw; off the beaten track;
oasis.
V. be uncomformable &c. adj.; abnormalize; leave the beaten track,
leave the beaten path; infringe a law, infringe a habit, infringe a usage,
infringe a custom, break alaw, break a habit, break a usage, break a
custom, violate a law, violate a habit, violate a usage, violate a custom;
drive a coach and six through; stretch a point; have no business there;
baffle all description, beggar all description.
Adj. uncomformable, exceptional; abnormal, abnormous; anomalous,
anomalistic; out of order, out of place, out of keeping, out of tune, out
of one's element;. irregular, arbitrary; teratogenic; lawless, informal,
aberrant, stray, wandering, wanton; peculiar, exclusive, unnatural,
eccentric, egregious; out of the beaten track, off the beaten track, out of
the common, out of the common run; beyond the pale of, out of the pale of;
misplaced; funny.
unusual, unaccustomed, uncustomary, unwonted, uncommon; rare,
singular, unique, curious, odd, extraordinary; strange, monstrous;
wonderful &c. 870; unexpected, unaccountable; outre, out of the way,
remarkable, noteworthy; queer, quaint, nondescript, none such, sui generis;
original, unconventional, unfashionable; undescribed, unprecedented,
unparalleled, unexampled, unheard of, unfamiliar; fantastic, newfangled,
grotesque, bizarre; outlandish, exotic, tombe des nues, preternatural;
denaturalized.
heterogeneous, heteroclite, amorphous, mongrel, amphibious, epicene,
half blood, hybrid; androgynous, androgynal; unsymmetric &c. 243;
adelomorphous, bisexual, hermaphrodite, monoclinous.
qualified &c. 469.
Adv. unconformably &c. adj.; except, unless, save barring, beside,
without, save and except, let alone.
however, yet, but.
Int. what on earth! what in the world! What the devil! Holy cow!
Sacre bleu!
Phr. never was seen the like, never was heard the like, never was
known the like.
#85. Numeration. -- N. numeration; numbering &c. v.; pagination;
tale, recension, enumeration, summation, reckoning, computation,
supputation; calculation, calculus; algorithm, algorism, rhabdology,
dactylonomy; measurement &c. 466; statistics.
arithmetic, analysis, algebra, geometry, analytical geometry,
fluxions; differential calculus, integral calculus, infinitesimal calculus;
calculus of differences.
[Statistics] dead reckoning, muster, poll, census, capitation, roll
call, recapitulation; account &c. (list) 86.
[Operations] notation, addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, rule of three, practice, equations, extraction of roots,
reduction, involution, evolution, estimation, approximation, interpolation,
differentiation, integration.
[Instruments] abacus, logometer, slide rule, slipstick[coll.],
tallies, Napier's bones, calculating machine, difference engine, suan-pan;
adding machine; cash register; electronic calculator, calculator,
computer;
[people who calculate] arithmetician, calculator, abacist, algebraist,
mathematician; statistician, geometer; programmer; accountant, auditor.
V. number, count, tally, tell; call over, run over; take an account
of, enumerate, muster, poll, recite, recapitulate; sum; sum up, cast up;
tell off, score, cipher, compute, calculate, suppute, add, subtract,
multiply, divide, extract roots. algebraize.
check, prove, demonstrate, balance, audit, overhaul, take stock; affix
numbers to, page.
amount to, add up to, come to.
Adj. numeral, numerical; arithmetical, analytic, algebraic,
statistical, numerable, computable, calculable; commensurable,
commensurate; incommensurable, incommensurate, innumerable, unfathomable,
infinite.
#86. List. -- N. list, catalog, catalogue, inventory, schedule;
register &c. (record) 551; account; bill, bill of costs; syllabus; terrier,
tally, file; calendar, index, table, atlas, contents; book, ledger;
synopsis, catalogue raisonne; tableau; invoice, bill of lading; prospectus,
program, programme; bill of fare, menu, carte; score, census, statistics,
returns; Red book, Blue book, Domesday book; cadastre; directory, gazetter.
almanac; army list, clergy list, civil service list, navy list; Almanach de
Gotha, cadaster, card index, card file, rolodex, dictionary, thesaurus,
Lloyd's register, nautical almanac, who's who, Guiness's Book of World
Records.
roll; check roll, checker roll, bead roll; muster roll, muster book;
roster, panel; cartulary, diptych.
Adj. cadastral.
<-- p. 28 -->
2. DETERMINATE NUMBER
#87. {opp. 100} Unity. -- N. unity; oneness &c. adj.; individuality;
solitude &c. (seclusion) 893; isolation &c. (disjunction) 44; unification
&c. 48.
one, unit, ace; individual; none else, no other.
V. be one, be alone &c. adj.; dine with Duke Humphrey.
isolate &c. (disjoin) 44.
render one; unite &c. (join) 43, (combine) 48.
Adj. one, sole, single, solitary, unitary; individual, apart, alone;
kithless.
unaccompanied, unattended; solus, single-handed; singular, odd,
unique, unrepeated, azygous, first and last; isolated &c. (disjoined) 44;
insular.
monospermous; unific, uniflorous, unifoliate, unigenital, uniliteral,
unijocular, unimodular.
lone, lonely, lonesome; desolate, dreary. insecable|, inseverable,
indiscerptible; compact, irresolvable.
Adv. singly &c. adj.; alone, by itself, per se, only, apart, in the
singular number, in the abstract; one by one, one at a time; simply; one
and a half, sesqui-
Phr. natura il fece, e poi roppe la stampa; du fort au faible; "two
souls with but a single thought, two hearts that beat as one."
#88. Accompaniment. -- N. accompaniment; adjunct &c. 39; context;
appendage, appurtenance.
coexistence, concomitance, company, association, companionship;
partnership, copartnership; coefficiency.
concomitant, accessory, coefficient; companion, buddy, attendant,
fellow, associate, friend, colleague; consort, spouse, mate; partner, co-
partner; satellite, hanger on, fellow-traveller, shadow; escort, cortege;
attribute.
V. accompany, coexist, attend; hang on, wait on; go hand in hand with;
synchronize &c. 120; bear company, keep company; row in the same boat;
bring in its train; associate with, couple with.
Adj. accompanying &c. v.; concomitant, fellow, twin, joint; associated
with, coupled with; accessory, attendant, obbligato.
Adv. with, withal; together with, along with, in company with; hand in
hand, side by side; cheek by jowl, cheek by jole; arm in arm; therewith,
herewith; and &c. (addition) 37.
together, in a body, collectively.
Phr. noscitur a sociis; virtutis fortuna comes.
#89. Duality. -- N. duality, dualism; duplicity; biplicity, biformity;
polarity. two, deuce, couple, duet, brace, pair, cheeks, twins, Castor and
Pollux, gemini, Siamese twins; fellows; yoke, conjugation; dispermy,
doublets, dyad, span.
V. [unite in pairs] pair, couple, bracket, yoke; conduplicate; mate,
span [U.S.].
Adj. two, twin; dual, dualistic, double; binary, binomial; twin,
biparous; dyadic; conduplicate; duplex &c. 90; biduous, binate, diphyletic,
dispermic, unijugate; tete-a-tete.
coupled &c. v.; conjugate.
both, both the one and the other.
#90. Duplication. -- N. duplication; doubling &c. v.; gemination,
ingemination; reduplication; iteration &c. (repetition) 104; renewal.
V. double, redouble, duplicate, reduplicate; geminate; repeat &c. 104;
renew &c. 660.
Adj. double; doubled &c. v.; bicipital, bicephalous, bidental,
bilabiate, bivalve, bivalvular, bifold, biform, bilateral; bifarious,
bifacial; twofold, two-sided; disomatous; duplex; double-faced, double-
headed; twin, duplicate, ingeminate; second.
Adv. twice, once more; over again &c. (repeatedly) 104; as much again,
twofold. secondly, in the second place, again.
#93. Triplication. -- N. triplication, triplicity; trebleness, trine.
V. treble, triple; triplicate, cube.
Adj. treble, triple; tern, ternary; triplicate, threefold,
trilogistic; third; trinal, trine.
Adv. three times, three fold; thrice, in the third place, thirdly;
trebly &c. adj.
#94. [Division into three parts.] Trisection. -- N. trisection,
tripartition, trichotomy; third, third part.
V. trisect, divide into three parts.
Adj. trifid; trisected &c. v.; tripartite, trichotomous, trisulcate.
Triadelphous, triangular, tricuspid, tricapsular, tridental,
tridentate, tridentiferous, trifoliate, trifurcate, trigonal, trigrammic,
trigrammatic, tripetalous, tripodal, tripodic, triquetral, triquetrous.
#95. Quaternity. -- N. Quaternity, four, tetrad, quartet, quaternion,
square, quarter; tetract, tetragon.
quadrangle, quadrature, quadfifoil, quadfiform, quadruplet;
quatrefoil.
V. reduce to a square, square.
Adj. four; quaternary, quaternal; quadratic; quartile; tetract,
tetractic, tetractinal; tetrad, tetragonal.
#96. Quadruplication. -- N. quadruplication.
V. multiply by four, quadruplicate, biquadrate.
Adj. fourfold; quadrable, quadrumanous, quadruple, quadruplicate,
quadrible; fourth.
quadrifoliate, quadrifoliolate, quadrigeminal, quadrigeminate,
quadriplanar, quadriserial.
Adv. four times; in the fourth place, fourthly.
#97. [Division into four parts.] Quadrisection. -- N. quadrisection,
quadripartition; quartering &c. v; fourth; quart, quarter, quartern;
farthing (i.e. fourthing).
V. quarter, divide into four parts.
Adj. quartered &c. v.; quadrifid, quadripartite.
#98. Five, &c. -- N. five, cinque, quint, quincux; six, half-a-dozen,
half dozen; seven; eight; nine, three times three; dicker; ten, decade;
eleven; twelve, dozen; thirteen; long dozen, baker's dozen; quintuplet;
twenty, score; twenty-four, four and twenty, two dozen; twenty-five, five
and twenty, quarter of a hundred; forty, two score; fifty, half a hundred;
sixty, three score; seventy, three score and ten; eighty, four score;
ninety, fourscore and ten; sestiad.
hundred, centenary, hecatomb, century; hundredweight, cwt.; one
hundred and fourty-four, gross.
thousand, chiliad; millenium, thousand years; myriad; ten thousand,
ban[Japanese], man[Japanese]; ten thousand years, banzai[Japanese]; lac,
one hunddred thousand, plum; million; thousand million, milliard, billion,
trillion &c.
V. centuriate; quintuplicate.
Adj. five, quinary, quintuple; fifth; senary, sextuple; sixth;
seventh; septuple; octuple; eighth; ninefold, ninth; tenfold, decimal,
denary, decuple, tenth; eleventh; duodenary, duodenal; twelfth; in one's
'teens, thirteenth.
vicesimal, vigesimal; twentieth; twenty-fourth &c. n.; vicenary,
vicennial.
centuple, centuplicate, centennial, centenary, centurial; secular,
hundredth; thousandth, &c.
#99. Quinquesection, &c. -- N. division by five &c. 98; quinquesection
&c.; decimation; fifth &c.
V. decimate; quinquesect.
Adj. quinquefid, quinqueliteral, quinquepartite; quinquarticular;
octifid; decimal, tenth, tithe; duodecimal, twelfth; sexagesimal,
sexagenary; hundreth, centesimal; millesimal &c.
<-- p. 30 -->
#100. {opp. 87} [More than one.] Plurality. -- N. plurality; a number,
a certain number; one or two, two or three &c.; a few, several; multitude
&c. 102; majority.
Adj. plural, more than one, upwards of, some, certain; not alone &c.
87.
Adv. et cetera, &c., etc.
Phr. non deficit alter.
3. Indeterminate Number
#100a. [Less than one.] Fraction -- N. fraction, fractional part; part
&c. 51.
Adj. fractional, fragmentary, inconsiderable, negligable,
infinitesimal.
#101. Zero. -- N. zero, nothing; null, nul, naught, nought, void;
cipher, goose egg; none, nobody, no one; nichts[Ger.], nixie*, nix*; zilch,
zip, zippo [all slang]; not a soul; ame qui vive; absence &c. 187;
unsubstantiality &c. 4.
Adj. not one, not a one, not any, nary a one [dial.];not a, never a;
not a whit of, not an iota of, not a drop of, not a speck of, not a jot;
not a trace of, not a hint of, not a smidgen of, not a suspicion of, not a
shadow of, neither hide nor hair of.
#102. Multitude. -- N. multitude; numerous &c. adj.; numerosity,
numerality; multiplicity; profusion &c. (plenty) 639; legion, host; great
number, large number, round number, enormous number; a quantity, numbers,
array, sight, army, sea, galaxy; scores, peck, bushel, shoal, swarm,
draught, bevy, cloud, flock, herd, drove, flight, covey, hive, brood,
litter, farrow, fry, nest; crowd &c. (assemblage) 72; lots; all in the
world and his wife.
[Increase of number] greater number, majority; multiplication,
multiple.
V. be numerous &c. adj.; swarm with, teem with, creep with; crowd,
swarm, come thick upon; outnumber, multiply; people; swarm like locusts,
swarm like bees.
Adj. many, several, sundry, divers, various, not a few; Briarean; a
hundred, a thousand, a myriad, a million, a quadrillion, a nonillion, a
thousand and one; some ten or a dozen, some forty or fifty &c.; half a
dozen, half a hundred &c.; very many, full many, ever so many; numerous;
numerose; profuse, in profusion; manifold, multiplied, multitudinous,
multiple, multinominal, teeming, populous, peopled, crowded, thick,
studded; galore.
thick coming, many more, more than one can tell, a world of; no end
of, no end to; cum multis aliis; thick as hops, thick as hail; plenty as
blackberries; numerous as the stars in the firmament, numerous as the sands
on the seashore, numerous as the hairs on the head; and what not, andheaven
knows what; endless &c. (infinite) 105.
Phr. their name is "legion"; acervatim; en foule; "many-headed
multitude" [Sidney]; "numerous as glittering gems of morning dew" [Young];
vel prece vel pretio.
#103. Fewness. -- N. fewness &c. adj.; paucity, small number; small
quantity &c. 32; rarity; infrequency &c. 137; handful, maniple; minority;
exiguity.
[Diminution of number] reduction; weeding &c. v.; elimination,
sarculation|, decimation; eradication.
V. be few &c. adj.
render few &c. adj.; reduce, diminish the nnumber, weed, eliminate,
thin, decimate.
Adj. few; scant, scanty; thin, rare, thinly scattered, few and far
between exiguous; infreqent &c. 137; rari nantes; hardly any, scarcely any;
to be counted on one's fingers; reduced &c. v.; unrepeated.
Adv. here and there.
<-- p. 31 -->
#104. Repetition. -- repitition, iteration, reiteration, harping,
recurrence, succession, run; battology, tautology; monotony, tautophony;
rhythm &c. 138; diffuseness, pleonasm, redundancy.
chimes, repetend, echo, ritornello, burden of a song, refrain;
rehearsal; rechauffe, rifacimento, recapitulation.
cuckoo &c. (imitation) 19; reverberation &c. 408; drumming &c. (roll)
407; renewal &c. (restoration) 660.
twice-told tale; old story, old song; second edition, new edition;
reappearance, reproduction; periodicity &c. 138.
V. repeat, iterate, reiterate, reproduce, echo, reecho, drum, harp
upon, battologize, hammer, redouble.
recur, revert, return, reappear; renew &c. (restore) 660.
rehearse; do over again, say over again; ring the changes on; harp on
the same string; din in the ear, drum in the ear; conjugate in all its
moods tenses and inflexions, begin again, go over the same ground, go the
same round, never hear the last of; resume, return to, recapitulate,
reword.
Adj. repeated &c. v.; repetitional, repetitionary; recurrent,
recurring; ever recurring, thick coming; frequent, incessant; redundant,
pleonastic.
monotonous, harping, iterative, unvaried; mocking, chiming; retold;
aforesaid, aforenamed; above-mentioned, above-said; habitual &c. 613;
another.
Adv. repeatedly, often, again, anew, over again, afresh, once more;
ding-dong, ditto, encore, de novo, bis, da capo.
again and again; over and over, over and over again; many times over;
time and again, time after time; year after year; day by day &c.; many
times, several times, a number of times; many a time, full many a time;
frequently &c. 136.
Phr. ecce iterum Crispinus; toujours perdrix; "cut and come again"
[Crabbe]; "tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow" [Macbeth]; cantilenam eandem
canis [Terence]; nullum est jam dictum quod non dictum sit prius [Terence].
#105. Infinity. -- N. infinity, infinitude, infiniteness &c. adj.;
perpetuity &c. 112; boundlessness.
V. be infinite &c. adj.; know no limits, have no limits, know no
bounds,have no bounds; go on for ever.
Adj. infinite; immense; numberless, countless, sumless, measureless;
innumerable, immeasurable, incalculable, illimitable, inexhaustible,
interminable, unfathomable, unapproachable; exhaustless, indefinite;
without number, without measure, without limit, without end;
incomprehensible; limitless, endless, boundless, termless; untold,
unnumbered, unmeasured, unbounded, unlimited; illimited; perpetual &c. 112.
Adv. infinitely &c. adj.; ad infinitum.
Phr. "as boundless as the sea" [Romeo and Juliet].
SECTION VI. TIME
1. ABSOLUTE TIME
#106. Time. -- N. time, duration; period, term, stage, space, span,
spell, season; the whole time, the whole period; space-time; course &c.
109; snap.
intermediate time, while, interim, interval, pendency; intervention,
intermission, intermittence, interregnum, interlude; respite.
era, epoch; time of life, age, year, date; decade &c. (period) 108;
moment, &c. (instant) 113.
glass of time, sands of time, march of time, Father Time, ravages of
time; arrow of time; river of time, whirligig of time, noiseless foot of
time; scythe.
V. continue last endure, go on, remain, persist; intervene; elapse &c.
109; hold out.
taketime, take up time, fill time, occupy time.
pass time, pass away time, spend time, while away time, consume time,
talk against time; tide over; use time, employ time; seize an opportunity
&c. 134; waste time &c.
(be inactive) 683.
Adj. continuing &c. v.; on foot; permanent &c. (durable) 110
Adv. while, whilst, during, pending; during the time, during the
interval; in the course of, at that point, at that point in time; for the
time being, day by day; in the time of, when; meantime, meanwhile; in the
meantime, in the interim; ad interim, pendente lite; de die in diem; from
day to day, from hour to hour &c.; hourly, always; for a time, for a
season;
till, until, up to, yet, as far as, by that time, so far, hereunto,
heretofore, prior to this, up to this point.
the whole time, all the time; all along; throughout &c. (completely)
52; for good &c. (diuturnity) 110.
hereupon, thereupon, whereupon; then; anno Domini; A.D.; ante
Christum; A.C.; before Christ; B.C.; anno urbis conditae; A.U.C.; anno
regni; A.R.; once upon a time, one fine morning, one fine day, one day,
once.
Phr. time flies, tempus fugit [Lat.]; time runs out, time runs
against, race against time, racing the clock, time marches on, time is of
the essence, "time and tide wait for no man".
ad calendas Groecas; "panting Time toileth after him in vain"
[Johnson]; "'gainst the tooth of time and razure of oblivion [Measure for
Measure] rich with the spoils of time" [Gray]; tempus edax rerum [Horace);
"the long hours come and go" [C.G. Rossetti]; "the time is out of joint"
[Hamlet]; "Time rolls his ceaseless course" [Scott]; "Time the foe of man's
dominion" [Peacock]; "time wasted is existence, used is life" [Young];
truditur dies die [Horace]; volat hora per orbem [Lucretius]. ; carpe diem.
<-- p. 32 -->
#107. Neverness. -- N. "neverness"; absence of time, no time; dies
non; Tib's eve; Greek Kalends, a blue moon.
Adv. never, ne'er; at no time, at no period; on the second Tuesday of
the week, when Hell freezes over; on no occasion, never in all one's born
days, nevermore, sine die; in no degree.
#108a. Contingent Duration.-- Adv. during pleasure, during good
behavior; quandiu se bene gesserit.
#109. [Indefinite duration.] Course. -- N. corridors of time, sweep of
time, vesta of time, course of time, progress of time, process of time,
succesof timesion of time, lapse of time, flow of time, flux of time,
stream of time, tract current of time, tide of time, march of time, step of
time, flight of time; duration &c. 106.
[Indefinite time] aorist.
V. elapse, lapse, flow, run, proceed, advance, pass; roll on, wear on,
press on; flit, fly, slip, slide, glide; run its course. out- expire; go
-, pass- by; be -past &c. 122.
Adj. elapsing &c. v.; aoristic; progressive. -
Adv. in due time, in due season; in in due course, in due process, in
the fullness of time; in time.
Phr. labitur et labetur [Horace]; truditur dies die [Horace]; fugaces
labuntur anni [Horace] "tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow creeps in this
petty pace from day to day" [Macbeth].
#110. [Long duration.] Diuturnity. -- N. diuturnity; a long time, a
length of time; an age, a century, an eternity; slowness &c. 275;
perpetuity &c. 112; blue moon, coon's age [U.S.], dog's age.
durableness, durability; persistence, endlessness, lastingness &c.
adj.; continuance, standing; permanence &c. (stability) 150 survival,
survivance; longevity &c. (age) 128; distance of time.
protraction of time, prolongation of time, extension of time; delay
&c. (lateness) 133.
V. last, endure, stand, remain, abide, continue, brave a thousand
years.
tarry &c. (be late) 133; drag on, drag its slow length along, drag a
lengthening chain; protract, prolong; spin out, eke out, draw out, lengthen
out; temporize; gain time, make time, talk against time.
out-last, -live; survive; live to fight again.
Adj. durable; lasting &c. v.; of long duration, of longstanding;
permanent, endless, chronic, long-standing; intransient, intransitive;
intransmutable, persistent; lifelong, livelong; longeval, long-lived,
macrobiotic, diuturnal, evergreen, perennial; sempervirent, sempervirid;
unintermitting, unremitting; perpetual &c. 112.
lingering, protracted, prolonged, spun out &c. v. long-pending, long-
winded; slow &c. 275.
Adv. long; for a long time, for an age, for ages, for ever so long,
for many a long day; long ago &c. (in a past time) 122; longo intervallo.
all the day long, all the year round; the livelong day, as the day is
long, morning noon and night; hour after hour, day after day, &c.; for
good; permanently &c. adj.
#111. [Short duration.] Transientness. -- N. transience, transientness
&c. adj.; evanascence, impermanence, fugacity, caducity, mortality, span;
nine days' wonder, bubble, Mayfly; spurt; flash in the pan; temporary
arrangement, interregnum.
velocity &c. 274; suddenness &c. 113; changeableness &c. 149.
transient, transient boarder, transient guest [U.S.].
V. be transient &c. adj.; flit, pass away, fly, gallop, vanish, fade,
evaporate; pass away like a cloud, pass away like a summer cloud, pass away
like a shadow, pass away like a dream.
Adj. transient, transitory, transitive; passing, evanescent, fleeting,
cursory, short-lived, ephemeral; flying &c. v.; fugacious, fugitive;
shifting, slippery; spasmodic; instantaneous, momentaneous.
temporal, temporary; provisional, provisory; deciduous; perishable,
mortal, precarious, unstable, insecure; impermanent.
brief, quick, brisk, extemporaneous, summary; pressed for time &c.
(haste) 684; sudden, momentary &c. (instantaneous) 113.
Adv. temporarily &c. adj.; pro tempore; for the moment, for a time;
awhile, en passant, in transitu; in a short time; soon &c. (early) 132;
briefly &c. adj.; at short notice; on the point of, on the eve of; in
articulo; between cup and lip.
Phr. one's days are numbered; the time is up; here today and gone
tomorrow; non semper erit aestas; eheu! fugaces labuntur anni; sic transit
gloria mundi; a schoolboy's tale, the wonder of the hour! [Byron]; dum
loquimur fugerit invidia aetas; fugit hora; all that is transitory is but
an illusion [Goethe].
<-- p. 33 -->
#112. [Endless duration.] Perpetuity. -- N. perpetuity, eternity,
everness, aye, sempiternity, immortality, athanasia; interminability,
agelessness, everlastingness &c. adj.; perpetuation; continued existence,
uninterrupted existence; perennity; permanence (durability) 110.
V. last forever, endure forever, go on forever; have no end.
eternize, perpetuate.
Adj. perpetual, eternal; everduring, everlasting, everliving,
everflowing; continual, sempiternal; coeternal; endless, unending;
ceaseless, incessant, uninterrupted, indesinent, unceasing; endless,
unending, interminable, having no end; unfading, evergreen, amaranthine;
neverending, never-dying, never-fading; deathless, immortal, undying,
imperishable.
Adv. perpetually &c. adj.; always, ever, evermore, aye; for ever, for
aye, till the end of the universe, forevermore, forever and a day, for
ever and ever; in all ages, from age to age; without end; world without
end, time without end; in secula seculorum; to the end of time, to the
crack of doom, to the "last syllable of recorded time" [Macbeth]; till
doomsday; constantly &c. (very frequently) 136.
Phr. esto perpetuum; labitur et labetur in omne volubilis oevum
[Horace]; "but thou shall flourish in immortal youth" [Addison]; "Eternity!
thou pleasing, dreadful thought" [Addison]; "her immortal part with angels
lives" [Romeo & Juliet]; ohne Rast [Goethe's motto]; ora e sempre.
#113. [Point of time] Instantaneity. -- N. instantaneity,
instantaneousness, immediacy; suddenness, abruptness.
moment, instant, second, minute; twinkling, trice, flash, breath,
crack, jiffy, coup, burst, flash of lightning, stroke of time.
epoch, time; time of day, time of night; hour, minute; very minute
&c., very time, very hour; present time, right time, true time, exact
correct time.
V. be instantaneous &c. adj.; twinkle, flash.
Adj. instantaneous, momentary, sudden, immediate, instant, abrupt,
discontinuous, precipitous, precipitant, precipitate; subitaneous,
hasty;quick as thought, quick as lightning, quick as a flash; rapid as
electricity.
speedy, quick, fast, fleet, swift ,lively, blitz; rapid (velocity)
274.
Adv. instantaneously &c. adj.; in no time, in less than no time;
presto, subito, instanter, suddenly, at a stroke, like a shot; in a moment
&c. n. in the blink of an eye, in the twinkling of an eye, in a trice; in
one's tracks; right away; toute a l'heure; at one jump, in the same breath,
per saltum, uno saltu; at once, all at once; plump, slap; "at one fell
swoop"; at the same instant &c. n.; immediately &c. (early) 132; extempore,
on the moment, on the spot, on the spur of the moment; no sooner said than
done; just then; slap-dash &c. (haste) 684.
Phr. touch and go; no sooner said than done.
#114. [Estimation, measurement, and record of time.] Chronometry. --
N. chronometry, horometry, horology; date, epoch; style, era.
almanac, calendar, ephemeris; register, registry; chronicle, annals,
journal, diary, chronogram.
[Instruments for the measurement of time]; clock, wall clock, pendulum
clock, grandfather's clock, cuckoo clock, alarm clock, clock radio; watch,
wristwatch, pocket watch, stopwatch, Swiss watch; atomic clock, digital
clock, analog clock, quartz watch, water clock; chronometer, chronoscope,
chronograph; repeater; timekeeper, timepiece; dial, sundial, gnomon,
horologe, pendulum, hourglass, clepsydra; ghurry.
chronographer, chronologer, chronologist, timekeeper; annalist.
calendar year, leap year, Julian calendar, Gregorian calendar, Chinese
calendar, Jewish calendar, perpetual calendar, Farmer's almanac, fiscal
year.
V. fix the time, mark the time; date, register, chronicle; measure
time, beat time, mark time; bear date; synchronize watches.
Adj. chronological, chronometrical, chronogrammatical; cinquecento,
quattrocento, trecento.
Adv. o'clock.
#115. [False estimate of time.] Anachronism. -- N. anachronism,
metachronism, parachronism, prochronism; prolepsis, misdate; anticipation,
antichronism.
disregard of time, neglect of time, oblivion of time.
intempestivity &c. 135.
V. misdate, antedate, postdate, backdate, overdate; anticipate; take
no note of time, lose track of time; anachronize.
Adj. misdated &c. v.; undated; overdue, past due; out of date.
<-- p. 34 -->
2. RELATIVE TIME
1. Time with reference to Succession
#116. Priority. -- N. priority, antecedence, anteriority, precedence,
pre-existence; precession &c. 280; precursor &c. 64; the past &c. 122;
premises.
V. precede, come before; forerun; go before &c. (lead) 280; preexist;
dawn; presage &c. 511; herald, usher in.
be beforehand &c. (be early) 132; steal a march upon, anticipate,
forestall; have the start, gain the start.
Adj. prior, previous; preceding, precedent; anterior, antecedent; pre-
existing, pre-existent; former, foregoing; before-mentioned, above-
mentioned; aforesaid, said; introductory &c. (precursory) 64.
Adv. before, prior to; earlier; previously &c. adj.; afore, aforehand,
beforehand, ere, theretofore, erewhile; ere then, ere now, before then,
before now; erewhile, already, yet, beforehand; on the eve of.
Phr. prior tempore prior jure.
#117. Posteriority. -- N. posteriority; succession, sequence;
following &c. 281.; subsequence, supervention; futurity &c. 121; successor;
sequel &c. 65; remainder, reversion.
V. follow &c. 281 after, come after, go after; succeed, supervene;
ensue, occur; step into the shoes of.
Adj. subsequent, posterior, following, after, later, succeeding,
postliminious, postnate; postdiluvial, postdiluvian; puisne; posthumous;
future &c. 121; afterdinner, postprandial.
Adv. subsequently, after, afterwards, since, later; at a subsequent,
at a later period, at a later date; next, in the sequel, close upon,
thereafter, thereupon, upon which, eftsoons|; from that time, from that
moment; after a while, after a time; in process of time.
#118. The Present Time. -- N. the present, the present time, the
present day, the present moment, the present juncture, the present
occasion; the times, the existing time, the time being; today, these
days, nowadays, our times, modern times, the twentieth century; nonce,
crisis, epoch, day, hour.
age, time of life.
Adj. present, actual, instant, current, existing, extant, that is;
present-day, up-to-date, up-to-the-moment.
Adv. at this time, at this moment &c. 113; at the present time &c. n.;
now, at present; at hand.
at this time of day, today, nowadays; already; even now, but now,
just now; on the present occasion; for the time being, for the nonce; pro
hac vice.; on the nail, on the spot; on the spur of the moment, until now;
to this day, to the present day.
Phr. "the present hour alone is man's " [Johnson].
#119. [Time different from the present.] Different time. -- N.
different time, other time.
[Indefinite time] aorist.
Adj. aoristic; indefinite.
Adv. at that time, at which time, at that moment, at that instant;
then, on that occasion, upon; not now, some other time.
when; whenever, whensoever; upon which, on which occasion; at another,
at a different, at some other, at any- time; at various times; some one of
these days, one of these days, one fine morning; eventually, some day, by
and by, sooner or later; some time or other; once upon a time
<-- p. 35 -->
#120. Synchronism. -- N. synchronism; coexistence, coincidence;
simultaneousness, simultaneity &c. adj.; concurrence, concomitance, unity
of time, interim.
[Having equal times] isochronism.
contemporary, coetanian.
V. coexist, concur, accompany, go hand in hand, keep pace with;
synchronize.
Adj. synchronous, synchronal, synchronical, synchronistical;
simultaneous, coexisting, coincident, concomitant, concurrent; coeval,
coevous; contemporary, contemporaneous; coetaneous; coeternal; isochronous.
Adv. at the same time; simultaneously &c. adj.; together, in concert,
during the same time; in the same breath; pari passu; in the interim.
at the very moment &c. 113; just as, as soon as; meanwhile &c. (while)
106.
#121. [Prospective time.] Futurity. -- N. futurity, futurition;
future, hereafter, time to come; approaching time, coming time, subsequent
time, after time, approaching age, coming age, subsequent age, after age,
approaching days, coming days, subsequent days, after days, approaching
hours, coming hours, subsequent hours, after hours, approaching ages,
coming ages, subsequent ages, after ages, approaching life, coming life,
subsequent life, after life, approaching years, coming years, subsequent
years, after years; morrow; millennium, doomsday, day of judgment, crack of
doom, remote future.
approach of time advent, time drawing on, womb of time; destiny &c.
152; eventuality.
heritage, heirs posterity.
prospect &c. (expectation) 507; foresight &c. 510.
V. look forwards; anticipate &c. (expect) 507, (foresee) 510;
forestall &c. (be early) 132.
come on, draw on; draw near; approach, await, threaten; impend &c. (be
destined) 152.
Adj. future, to come; coming &c. (impending) 152; next, near; close at
hand; eventual, ulterior; in prospect &c. (expectation) 507.
Adv. prospectively, hereafter, in future; kal, tomorrow, the day after
tomorrow; in course of time, in process of time, in the fullness of time;
eventually, ultimately, sooner or later; proximo; paulo post futurum; in
after time; one of these days; after a time, after a while.
from this time; henceforth, henceforwards; thence; thenceforth,
thenceforward; whereupon, upon which.
soon &c. (early) 132; on the eve of, on the point of, on the brink of;
about to; close upon.
Phr. quid sit futurum cras fuge quoerere [Horace].
#122. [Retrospective time.] Preterition -- N. the past, past time;
days of yore, times of yore, days of old, times of old, days past, times
past, days gone by, times gone by; bygone days; old times, ancient times,
former times; fore time; the good old days, the olden time, good old time;
auld lang syne; eld|.
antiquity, antiqueness, status quo; time immemorial; distance of time;
remote age, remote time; remote past; rust of antiquity
paleontology, paleography, paleology; palaetiology, archaeology;
archaism, antiquarianism, medievalism, Pre-Raphaelitism; retrospect,
retrospection, looking back, memory &c. 505.
laudator temporis acti; medievalist, Pre-Raphaelite; antiquary,
antiquarian; archmologist &c.; Oldbuck, Dryasdust.
ancestry &c. (paternity) 166.
V. be past &c. adj.; have expired &c. adj., have run its course, have
had its day; pass; pass by, go by , pass away, go away , pass off, go off;
lapse, blow over.
look back, trace back, cast the eyes back; exhume.
Adj. past, gone, gone by, over, passed away, bygone, foregone;
elapsed, lapsed, preterlapsed, expired, no more, run out, blown over, has-
been, that has been, extinct, antediluvian, antebellum, never to return,
gone with the wind, exploded, forgotten, irrecoverable; obsolete &c. (old)
124.
former, pristine, quondam, ci-devant, late; ancestral.
foregoing; last, latter; recent, over night; preterperfect,
preterpluperfect.
looking back &c. v.; retrospective, retroactive; archaeological &c. n.
Adv. formerly; of old, of yore; erst, whilom, erewhile, time was, ago,
over; in the olden time &c. n.; anciently, long ago, long since; a long
while, a long time ago; years ago, yesteryear, ages ago; some time ago,
some time since, some time back.
yesterday, the day before yesterday; last year, ultimo; lately &c.
(newly) 123.
retrospectively; ere now, before now, till now; hitherto, heretofore;
no longer; once, once upon a time; from time immemorial, from prehistoric
times; in the memory of man; time out of mind; already, yet, up to this
time; ex post facto.
Phr. time was; the time has been, the time hath been; you can't go
home again; fuimus Troes [Vergil]; fruit Ilium [Vergil]; hoc erat in more
majorum; "O call back yesterday, bid time return" [Richard II]; tempi
passati; "the eternal landscape of the past" [Tennyson]; ultimus Romanorum;
"what's past is prologue" [Tempest]; "whose yesterdays look backward with a
smile" [Young].
<-- p. 36 -->
#123. Newness. -- N. newness &c. adj.; novelty, recency; immaturity;
youth &c. 127; gloss of novelty.
innovation; renovation &c. (restoration) 660.
modernism; mushroom, parvenu; latest fashion.
V. renew &c. (restore) 660; modernize.
Adj. new, novel, recent, fresh, green; young &c. 127; evergreen; raw,
immature; virgin; untried, unhandseled, untrodden, unbeaten; fire-new,
span-new.
late, modern, neoteric, hypermodern, nouveau; new-born, nascent,
neonatal[med.], new-fashioned, new-fangled, new-fledged; of yesterday;
just out, brand-new, up to date, up to the minute, with it, fashionable, in
fashion; in, hip [coll.]; vernal, renovated, sempervirent, sempervirid.
fresh as a rose, fresh as a daisy, fresh as paint; spick and span.
Adv. newly &c. adj.; afresh, anew, lately, just now, only yesterday,
the other day; latterly, of late.
not long ago, a short time ago.
Phr. di novello tutto par bello; nullum est jam dictum quod non dictum
est prius; una scopa nuova spazza bene.
#124. Oldness. -- N. oldness &c. adj.; age, antiquity; cobwebs of
antiquity. maturity; decline, decay; senility &c. 128.
seniority, eldership, primogeniture. archaism &c. (the past) 122;
thing of the past, relic of the past; megatherium; Sanskrit.
tradition, prescription, custom, immemorial usage, common law.
V. be old &c. adj.; have had its day, have seen its day; become old
&c. adj.; age, fade, senesce.
Adj. old, ancient, antique; of long standing, time-honored, venerable;
elder, eldest; firstborn.
prime; primitive, primeval, primigenous; paleoanthropic, paleolithic,
; primordial, primordinate; aboriginal &c. (beginning) 66; diluvian,
antediluvian; protohistoric; prehistoric; antebellum, colonial,
precolumbian; patriarchal, preadamite; paleocrystic; fossil, paleozoic,
preglacial, antemundane; archaic, classic, medieval, Pre-Raphaelite,
ancestral, black-letter.
immemorial, traditional, prescriptive, customary, whereof the memory
of man runneth not to the contrary; inveterate, rooted.
antiquated, of other times, rococo, of the old school, after-age,
obsolete; out of date, out of fashion, out of it; stale, old-fashioned,
behind the age; old-world; exploded; gone out, gone by; passe, run out;
senile &c. 128; time worn; crumbling &c. (deteriorated) 659; secondhand.
old as the hills, old as Methuselah, old as Adam, old as history.
Adv. since the world was made, since the year one, since the days of
Methuselah.
Phr. vetera extollimus recentium incuriosi [Tacitus].
#125. Morning. [Noon.] -- N. morning, morn, forenoon, a.m., prime,
dawn, daybreak; dayspring, foreday, sunup;
peep of day, break of day; aurora; first blush of the morning, first flush
of the morning, prime of the morning; twilight, crepuscule, sunrise;
cockcrow, cockcrowing; the small hours, the wee hours of the morning.
spring; vernal equinox, first point of Aries.
noon; midday, noonday; noontide, merodoam, prime; nooning, noontime.
summer, midsummer.
Adj. matin, matutinal; vernal.
Adv. at sunrise &c. n.; with the sun, with the lark, "when the morning
dawns".
Phr. "at shut of evening flowers" [Paradise Lost]; entre chien et
loup; "flames in the forehead of the morning sky" [Milton]; "the breezy
call of incense-breathing morn" [Gray].
#126. Evening. [Midnight.] -- N. evening, eve; decline of day, fall of
day, close of day; candlelight, candlelighting; eventide, nightfall,
curfew, dusk, twilight, eleventh hour; sunset, sundown; going down of the
sun, cock- shut, dewy eve, gloaming, bedtime.
afternoon, postmeridian, p.m.
autumn; fall, fall of the leaf; autumnal equinox; Indian summer, St.
Luke's summer, St. Martin's summer.
midnight; dead of night, witching hour, witching hour of night,
witching time of night; winter; killing time.
Adj. vespertine, autumal, nocturnal.
Phr. "midnight, the outpost of advancing day" [Longfellow]; "sable-
vested Night" [Milton]; "this gorgeous arch with golden worlds inlay'd"
[Young].
<-- p. 37 -->
#127. Youth. -- N. youth; juvenility, juvenescence; juniority;
infancy; babyhood, childhood, boyhood, girlhood, youthhood; incunabula;
minority, nonage, teens, tender age, bloom.
cradle, nursery, leading strings, pupilage, puberty, pucelage.
prime of life, flower of life, springtide of life, seedtime of life,
golden season of life; heyday of youth, school days; rising generation.
Adj. young, youthful, juvenile, green, callow, budding, sappy, puisne,
beardless, under age, in one's teens; in statu pupillari; younger, junior;
hebetic, unfledged.
Phr. "youth on the prow and pleasure at the helm" [Gray]; youth . . .
the glad season of life" [Carlyle].
#128. Age. -- N. age; oldness &c. adj.; old age, advanced age, golden
years; senility, senescence; years, anility, gray hairs, climacteric, grand
climacteric, declining years, decrepitude, hoary age, caducity,
superannuation; second childhood, second childishness; dotage; vale of
years, decline of life, "sear and yellow leaf" [Macbeth]; threescore years
and ten; green old age, ripe age; longevity; time of life.
seniority, eldership; elders &c. (veteran) 130; firstling; doyen,
father; primogeniture.
[Science of old age.] geriatrics, nostology|.
V. be aged &c. adj.; grow old, get old &c. adj.; age; decline, wane,
dodder; senesce.
Adj. aged; old &c. 124; elderly, geriatric, senile; matronly, anile|;
in years; ripe, mellow, run to seed, declining, waning, past one's prime;
gray, gray-headed; hoar, hoary; venerable, time-worn, antiquated, passe,
effete, decrepit, superannuated; advanced in life, advanced in years;
stricken in years; wrinkled, long in the tooth, marked with the crow's
foot; having one foot in the grave; doting &c. (imbecile) 499; like the
last of pea time.
older, elder, oldest, eldest; senior; firstborn; ichiban, ichiro
[Japanese].
turned of, years old; of a certain age, no spring chicken, old as
Methuselah; ancestral; patriarchal &c. (ancient) 124; gerontic.
Adv. pro tem
Phr. "give me a staff of honor for my age" [Titus Andronicus]; bis
pueri senes; peu de gens savent elre vieux; plenus annis abiit plenus
honoribus [Pliny the Younger]; "old age is creeping on apace" [Byron];
"slow-consuming age"' [Gray]; "the hoary head is a crown of glory"
[Proverbs xvi, 31]; "the silver livery of advised age" [II Henry VI]; to
grow old gracefully; "to vanish in the chinks that Time has made" [Rogers].
#129. Infant.-- N. infant, babe, baby, babe in arms; nurseling,
suckling, yearling, weanling; papoose, bambino; kid; vagitus.
child, bairn, little one, brat, chit, pickaninny, urchin; bantling,
bratling; elf. youth, boy, lad, stripling, youngster, youngun, younker,
callant, whipster, whippersnapper, whiffet [U.S.], schoolboy, hobbledehoy,
hopeful, cadet, minor, master. scion; sap, seedling; tendril, olivebranch,
nestling, chicken, larva, chrysalis, tadpole, whelp, cub, pullet, fry,
callow; codlin ,codling; foetus, calf, colt, pup, foal, kitten; lamb,
lambkin; aurelia, caterpillar, cocoon, nymph, nympha, orphan, pupa,
staddle.
girl; lass, lassie; wench, miss, damsel, demoiselle; maid, maiden;
virgin; hoyden.
Adj. infantine, infantile; puerile; boyish, girlish, childish,
babyish, kittenish; baby; newborn, unfledged, new-fledged, callow.
in the cradle, in swaddling clothes, in long clothes, in arms, in
leading strings; at the breast; in one's teens.
#130. Veteran.-- N. veteran, old man, seer, patriarch, graybeard;
grandfather, grandsire; grandam; gaffer, gammer; crone; pantaloon;
sexagenarian, octogenarian, nonagenarian, centenarian; old stager; dotard
&c. 501.
preadamite, Methuselah, Nestor, old Parr; elders; forefathers &c.
(paternity) 166.
Phr. "superfluous lags the veteran on the stage" [Johnson].
<-- p. 38 -->
#131. Adolescence. -- N. adolescence, pubescence, majority; adultism;
adultness &c. adj.; manhood, virility, maturity full age, ripe age; flower
of age; prime of life, meridian of life, spring of life.
man &c. 373; woman &c. 374; adult, no chicken.
V. come of age, come to man's estate, come to years of discretion;
attain majority, assume the toga virilis; have cut one's eyeteeth, have
sown one's mild oats.
Adj. adolescent, pubescent, of age; of full age, of ripe age; out of
one's teens, grown up, mature, full grown, in one's prime, middle-aged,
manly, virile, adult; womanly, matronly; marriageable, nubile.
3. Time with reference to an Effect or Purpose
#132. Earliness. -- N. {ant. 133} earliness &c. adj.; morning &c. 125.
punctuality; promptitude &c. (activity) 682; haste &c. (velocity) 274;
suddenness &c. (instantaneity) 113.
prematurity, precocity, precipitation, anticipation; a stitch in time.
V. be early &c. adj., be beforehand &c. adv.; keep time, take time by
the forelock, anticipate, forestall; have the start, gain the start; steal
a march upon; gain time, draw on futurity; bespeak, secure, engage,
preengage.
accelerate; expedite &c. (quicken) 274; make haste &c. (hurry) 684.
Adj. early, prime, forward; prompt &c. (active) 682; summary.
premature, precipitate, precocious; prevenient, anticipatory; rath.
sudden &c. (instantaneous) 113; unexpected &c. 508; near, near at
hand; immediate.
Adv. early, soon, anon, betimes, rath; eft, eftsoons; ere long, before
long, shortly; .
beforehand; prematurely &c. adj.; precipitately &c. (hastily) 684; too
soon; before its time, before one's time; in anticipation; unexpectedly
&c. 508.
suddenly &c. (instantaneously) 113; before one can say "Jack
Robinson", at short notice, extempore; on the spur of the moment, on the
spur of the occasion [Bacon]; at once; on the spot, on the instant; at
sight; offhand, out of hand; a' vue d'oeil; straight, straightway,
straightforth; forthwith, incontinently, summarily, immediately, briefly,
shortly, quickly, speedily, apace, before the ink is dry, almost
immediately, presently at the first opportunity, in no long time, by and
by, in a while, directly.
Phr. no sooner said than done, immediately, if not sooner; tout vient
a temps pour qui sait attendre.
#132a Punctuality -- N. puncuality, promptness, immediateness.
V. be prompt, be on time, be in time; arrive on time; be in the nick
of time.
Adj. timely, seasonable, in time, punctual, prompt.
Adv. on time, punctually, at the deadline, precisely, exactly; right
on time, to the minute; in time; in good time, in military time, in pudding
time|, in due time; time enough; with no time to spare, by a hair's
breadth.
Phr. touch and go, not a minute too soon, in the nick of time, just
under the wire, get on board before the train leaves the station.
#133. Lateness. -- N. {ant. 132} lateness &c. adj.; tardiness &c.
(slowness) 275.
delay, delation; cunctation, procrastination; deferring, deferral &c.
v.; postponement, adjournment, prorogation, retardation, respite, pause,
reprieve, stay of execution; protraction, prolongation; Fabian policy,
medecine expectante, chancery suit, federal case; leeway; high time;
moratorium, holdover.
V. be late &c. adj.; tarry, wait, stay, bide, take time; dawdle &c.
(be inactive) 683; linger, loiter; bide one's time, take one's time; gain
time; hang fire; stand over, lie over.
put off, defer, delay, lay over, suspend; table [parliamentary]; shift
off, stave off; waive, retard, remand, postpone, adjourn; procrastinate;
dally; prolong, protract; spin out, draw out, lengthen out, stretch out;
prorogue; keep back; tide over; push to the last, drive to the last; let
the matter stand over; reserve &c. (store) 636; temperize; consult one's
pillow, sleep on it.
lose an opportunity &c. 135; be kept waiting, dance attendance; kick
one's heels, cool one's heels; faire antichambre; wait impatiently; await
&c. (expect) 507; sit up, sit up at night.
Adj. late, tardy, slow, behindhand, serotine, belated, postliminious,
posthumous, backward, unpunctual, untimely; delayed, postponed; dilatory
&c. (slow) 275; delayed &c. v.; in abeyance.
Adv. late; lateward, backward; late in the day; at sunset, at the
eleventh hour, at length, at last; ultimately; after time, behind time,
after the deadline; too late; too late for &c. 135.
slowly, leisurely, deliberately, at one's leisure; ex post facto; sine
die [parl.].
Phr. nonum prematur in annum [Horace]; "against the sunbeams serotine
and lucent" [Longfellow]; ie meglio tardi che mai; deliberando soepe perit
occasio [Syrus].
<-- p. 39 -->
#134. Occasion. -- N. {ant. 135} timeliness, occasion, opportunity,
opening, room; event (eventuality) 151; suitable season, proper season ,
suitable time, proper time; high time; opportuneness &c. adj.;
tempestivity.
crisis, turn, juncture, conjuncture; crisis, turning point, given
time.
nick of time; golden opportunity, well timed opportunity, fine
opportunity, favorable opportunity, opening; clear stage, fair field;
mollia tempora; fata Morgana; spare time &c. (leisure) 685.
V. seize &c. (take) 789 an opportunity, use &c. 677 an opportunity,
give &c. 784 an opportunity, use an occasion; improve the occasion.
suit the occasion &c. (be expedient) 646.
seize the occasion, strike while the iron is hot, battre le fer sur
l'enclume, make hay while the sun shines, seize the present hour, take time
by the forelock, prendre la balle au bond.
Adj. opportune, timely, well-timed, timeful, seasonable.
providential, lucky, fortunate, happy, favorable, propitious,
auspicious, critical; suitable &c. 23; obiter dicta.
Adv. opportunely &c. adj.; in proper course, in due course, in proper
season, in due season, in proper time, in due time; for the nonce; in the
nick of time, in the fullness of time; all in good time; just in time, at
the eleventh hour, now or never.
by the way, by the by; en passant, a propos; pro re nata, pro hac
vice; par parenthese, parenthetically, by way of parenthesis, incidentally;
while speaking of, while on the subject; extempore; on the spur of the
moment, on the spur of the occasion; on the spot &c. (early) 132.
Phr. carpe diem, [Horace]; occasionem cognosce; one's hour is come,
the time is up; that reminds me, now that you mention it, come to think of
it; bien perdu bien connu; e sempre l'ora; ex quovis ligno non fit
Mercurius; nosce tempus; nunc aut nunquam.
#135. Untimeliness -- N. {ant. 134} untimeliness, intempestivity,
unseasonableness, inexpedience; unsuitable time, improper time;
unreasonableness &c. adj; evil hour; contretemps; intrusion; anachronism
&c. 115.
bad time, wrong time, inappropriate time, not the right occasion,
unsuitable time, inopportune time, poor timing.
V. be ill timed &c. adj.; mistime, intrude, come amiss, break in upon;
have other fish to fry; be busy, be occupied.
lose an opportunity, throw away an opportunity, waste an opportunity,
neglect &c. 460 an opportunity; allow the opportunity to pass, suffer the
opportunity to pass, allow the opportunity to slip, suffer the opportunity
to slip, allow the opportunity to go by, suffer the opportunity to go by,
allow the opportunity to escape, suffer the opportunity to escape, allow
the opportunity to lapse, suffer the opportunity to lapse, allow the
occasion to pass, allow the occasion to slip by; waste time &c. (be
inactive) 683; let slip through the fingers, lock the barn door after the
horse is stolen.
Adj. ill-timed, mistimed; ill-fated, ill-omened, ill-starred;
untimely, unseasonable; out of date, out of season, out of tuen;
inopportune, timeless, intrusive, untoward, mal a propos, unlucky,
inauspicious, infelicitous, unbefitting, unpropitious, unfortunate,
unfavorable; unsuited &c. 24; inexpedient &c. 647.
unpunctual &c. (late) 133; too late for; premature &c. (early) 132;
too soon for; wise after the event, monday morning quarterbacking, twenty-
twenty hindsight.
Adv. inopportunely &c. adj.; as ill luck would have it, in an evil
hour, the time having gone by, a day after the fair.
Phr. after death the doctor, after meat mustard.
3. RECURRENT TIME
#136. Frequency. -- N. frequency, oftness, oftenness, commonness;
repetition &c. 104; normality &c. 80; example (conformity) 82; routine,
custom (habit) 613.
regularity, uniformity, constancy, clock-work precision; punctuality
&c. (exactness) 494; even tenor; system; routine &c. (custom) 613; formula;
rule &c. (form, regulation) 697; keynote, standard, model; precedent &c.
(prototype) 22; conformity &c. 82.
V. recur &c. 104; do nothing but; keep, keep on.
Adj. frequent, many times, not rare, thickcoming, incessant,
perpetual, continual, steady, constant, thick; uniform; repeated &c. 104;
customary &c. 613 (habit) 613; regular (normal) 80; according to rule &c.
(conformable) 82.
common, everyday, usual, ordinary, familiar.
old-hat, boring, well-known, trivial.
Adv. often, oft; ofttimes, oftentimes; frequently; repeatedly &c. 104;
unseldom, not unfrequently; in quick succession, in rapid succession; many
a time and oft; daily, hourly &c.; every day, every hour, every moment &c.
perpetually, continually, constantly, incessantly, without ceasing, at
all times, daily and hourly, night and day, day and night, day after day,
morning noon and night, ever anon, invariably (habit) 613 .
most often; commonly &c. (habitually) 613.
sometimes, occasionally, at times, now and then, from time to time,
there being times when, toties quoties, often enough, when the mood
strikes, again and again.
<-- p. 40 -->
#137. Infrequency.-- N. infrequency, rareness, rarity; fewness &c.
103; seldomness; uncommonness.
V. be rare &c. adj.
Adj. unfrequent, infrequent; rare, rare as a blue diamond; few &c.
103; scarce; almost unheard of, unprecedented, which has not occurred
within the memory of the oldest inhabitant, not within one's previous
experience.
Adv. seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly; not often, not much,
infrequently, unfrequently, unoften; scarcely, scarcely ever, hardly ever;
once in a blue moon.
once; once -for all, - in a way; pro hac vice.
Phr. ein mal kein mal.
#138. Regularity of recurrence. Periodicity. -- N. periodicity,
intermittence; beat; oscillation &c. 314; pulse, pulsation; rhythm;
alternation, alternateness, alternativeness, alternity.
bout, round, revolution, rotation, turn, say.
anniversary, jubilee, centenary.
catamenia;, courses, menses, menstrual flux.
[Regularity of return] rota, cycle, period, stated time, routine; days
of the week; Sunday, Monday &c.; months of the year; January &c.; feast,
fast &c.; Christmas, Easter, New Year's day
&c.
Allhallows, Allhallowmas, All Saints' Day; All Souls', All Souls' Day;
Ash Wednesday, bicentennial, birthday, bissextile, Candlemas, Dewali,
groundhog day [U.S.], Halloween, Hallowmas, Lady day, leap year, Midsummer
day, Muharram, woodchuck day [U.S.], St. Swithin's day, natal day;
yearbook; yuletide.
punctuality, regularity, steadiness.
V. recur in regular order, recur in regular succession; return,
revolve; come again, come in its turn; come round, come round again; beat,
pulsate; alternate; intermit.
Adj. periodic, periodical; serial, recurrent, cyclical, rhythmical;
recurring &c. v.; intermittent, remittent; alternate, every other.
hourly; diurnal, daily; quotidian, tertian, weekly; hebdomadal|,
hebdomadary|; biweekly, fortnightly; bimonthly; catamenial|; monthly,
menstrual; yearly, annual; biennial, triennial, &c.; centennial, secular;
paschal, lenten, &c.
regular, steady, punctual, regular as clockwork.
Adv. periodically &c. adj.; at regular intervals, at stated times; at
fixed established , at established periods; punctually &c. adj. de die in
diem; from day to day, day by day.
by turns; in turn, in rotation; alternately, every other day, off and
on, ride and tie, round and round.
#139. Irregularity of recurrence. -- N. irregularity, uncertainty,
unpunctuality; fitfulness &c. adj.; capriciousness, ecrhythmus|.
Adj. irregular, uncertain, unpunctual, capricious, desultory, fitful,
flickering; rambling, rhapsodical; spasmodic; immethodical, unmethodical,
variable.
Adv. irregularly &c. adj.; by fits and starts &c. (discontinuously)
70.
SECTION VII. CHANGE
1. SIMPLE CHANGE
#140. [Difference at different times.] Change. -- N. change,
alteration, mutation, permutation, variation, modification, modulation,
inflexion, mood, qualification, innovation, metastasis, deviation, turn,
evolution, revolution; diversion; break.
transformation, transfiguration; metamorphosis; transmutation;
deoxidization; transubstantiation; mutagenesis, transanimation,
transmigration, metempsychosis|; avatar; alterative.
conversion &c. (gradual change) 144; revolution &c. (sudden or radical
change) 146 inversion &c. (reversal) 218; displacement &c. 185;
transference &c. 270.
changeableness &c. 149; tergiversation &c. (change of mind)
607.
V. change, alter, vary, wax and wane; modulate, diversify, qualify,
tamper with; turn, shift, veer, tack, chop, shuffle, swerve, warp, deviate,
turn aside, evert, intervert; pass to, take a turn, turn the corner,
resume.
work a change, modify, vamp, superinduce; transform, transfigure,
transmute, transmogrify, transume; metamorphose, ring the changes.
innovate, introduce new blood, shuffle the cards; give a turn to, give
a color to; influence, turn the scale; shift the scene, turn over a new
leaf.
recast &c. 146; reverse &c. 218; disturb &c. 61; convert into &c. 144.
Adj. changed &c. v.; newfangled; changeable &c. 149; transitional;
modifiable; alterative.
Adv. mutatis mutandis.
Int. quantum mutatus!
Phr. "a change came o'er the spirit of my dream" [Byron]; nous avons
change tout cela [Moliere]; tempora mutantur nos et mutamur in illis; non
sum qualis eram [Horace]; casaque tourner; corpora lente augescent cito
extinguuntur [Tacitus]; in statu quo ante bellum; "still ending and
beginning still" [Cowper]; vox audita perit littera scripta manet.
<-- p. 41 -->
#141. [Absence of change.] Permanence. -- N. stability &c. 150;
quiescence &c. 265; obstinacy &c. 606.
permanence, persistence, endurance; durability; standing, status quo;
maintenance, preservation, conservation; conservation; law of the Medes and
Persians; standing dish.
V. let alone, let be, let it be; persist, remain, stay, tarry, rest;
stet [copy editing]; hold, hold on; last, endure, bide, abide, aby, dwell,
maintain, keep; stand, stand still, stand fast; subsist, live, outlive,
survive; hold one's ground, keep one's ground, hold one's footing, keep
one's footing; hold good.
Adj. stable &c. 150; persisting &c. v.; permanent; established;
unchanged &c. (change &c. 140); renewed; intact, inviolate; persistent;
monotonous, uncheckered; unfailing.
undestroyed, unrepealed, unsuppressed; conservative, qualis ab
incepto; prescriptive &c. (old) 124; stationary &c. 265.
Adv. in statu quo; for good, finally; at a stand, at a standstill; uti
possidetis; without a shadow of turning.
Phr. esto perpetua; nolumus leges Angliae mutari; j'y suis et j'y
ereste.
#142. [Change from action to rest.] Cessation. -- N. cessation,
discontinuance, desistance, desinence.
intermission, remission; suspense, suspension; interruption; stop;
stopping &c. v.; closure, stoppage, halt; arrival &c. 292. pause, rest,
lull, respite, truce, drop; interregnum, abeyance; cloture [U.S. congress].
dead stop, dead stand, dead lock; finis, cerrado; blowout, burnout,
meltdown, disintegration; comma, colon, semicolon, period, full stop; end
&c. 67; death &c. 360.
V. cease, discontinue, desist, stay, halt; break off, leave off; hold,
stop, pull up, stop short; stick, hang fire; halt; pause, rest; burn out,
blow out, melt down.
have done with, give over, surcease, shut up shop; give up &c.
(relinquish) 624.
hold one's hand, stay one's hand; rest on one's oars repose on one's
laurels.
come to a stand, come to a standstill; come to a deadlock, come to a
full stop; arrive &c. 292; go out, die away; wear away, wear off; pass away
&c. (be past) 122; be at an end; disintegrate, self-destruct.
intromit, interrupt, suspend, interpel; intermit, remit; put an end
to, put a stop to, put a period to; derail; turn off, switch off, power
down, deactivate, disconnect; bring to a stand, bring to a standstill;
stop, cut short, arrest, stem the tide, stem the torrent; pull the check-
string, pull the plug on.
Int. hold! stop! enough! avast! have done! a truce to! soft! leave
off! tenez!
Phr. "I pause for a reply" [Julius Caesar].
#143. Continuance in action. -- N. continuance, continuation; run;
perpetuation, prolongation; persistence &c. (perserverance) 604a;
repetition &c. 104.
V. continue, persist; go on, jog on, keep on, run on, hold on; abide,
keep, pursue, stick to its course, take its course, maintain its course;
carry on, keep up.
sustain, uphold, hold up, keep on foot; follow up, perpetuate;
maintain; preserve &c.. 604a; harp upon &c. (repeat) 104.
keep going, keep alive, keep the pot boiling, keep up the ball, keep
up the good work; die in harness, die with one's boots on; hold on the even
tenor of one's way, pursue the even tenor of one's way.
let be; stare super antiquas vias; quieta non movere; let things take
their course; stare decisis [Jurisprudence].
Adj. continuing &c. v.; uninterrupted, unintermitting, unvarying,
unshifting; unreversed, unstopped, unrevoked, unvaried; sustained; undying
&c. (perpetual) 112; inconvertible.
Int. keep it up! go to it! right away! right on! attaboy!
Phr. nolumus leges Angliae mutari; vestigia nulla retrorsum [Horace];
labitur et albetur [Horace].
<-- p. 42 -->
#144. [Gradual change to something different.] Conversion. -- N.
conversion, reduction, transmutation, resolution, assimilation; evolution,
sea change; change of state; assumption; naturalization; transportation;
development [biol.], developing [photography].
[conversion of currency] conversion of currency, exchange of currency;
exchange rate; bureau de change.
chemistry, alchemy; progress, growth, lapse, flux.
passage; transit, transition; transmigration, shifting &c. v.; phase;
conjugation; convertibility.
crucible, alembic, caldron, retort.
onvert, pervert, renegade, apostate.
V. be converted into; become, get, wax; come to, turn to, turn into,
evolve into, develop into; turn out, lapse, shift; run into, fall into,
pass into, slide into, glide into, grow into, ripen into, open into,
resolve itself into, settle into, merge into, emerge as; melt, grow, come
round to, mature, mellow; assume the form of, assume the shape of, assume
the state of, assume the nature of, assume the character of; illapse|;
begin a new phase, assume a new phase, undergo a change.
convert into, resolve into; make, render; mold, form &c. 240; remodel,
new model, refound, reform, reorganize; assimilate to, bring to, reduce to.
Adj. converted into &c. v.; convertible, resolvable into;
transitional; naturalized.
Adv. gradually, &c. (slowly) 275 in transitu &c. (transference) 270.
#145. Reversion. -- N. reversion, return; revulsion.
turning point, turn of the tide; status quo ante bellum; calm before a
storm. alternation &c. (periodicity) 138; inversion &c. 219; recoil &c.
277; retreat, regression, retrogression &c. 283; restoration &c. 660;
relapse, recidivism &c. 661; atavism; vicinism;
V. revert, turn back; relapse &c. 661; recoil &c. 277; retreat &c.
283; restore &c. 660; undo, unmake; turn the tide, roll back the tide, turn
the scale, tip the scale.
Adj. reverting &c. v.; revulsive, reactionary; retrorse.
Adv. a rebours.
#146. [Sudden or violent change.] Revolution. -- N. revolution,
bouleversement, subversion, break up; destruction &c. 162; sudden change,
radical change, sweeping organic change; change of state, phase change;
quantum leap, quantum jump; clean sweep, coup d'etat, counter revolution.
jump, leap, plunge, jerk, start, transilience|; explosion; spasm,
convulsion, throe, revulsion; storm, earthquake, cataclysm.
legerdemain &c. (trick) 545.
V. revolutionize; new model, remodel, recast; strike out something
new, break with the past; change the face of, unsex.
Adj. unrecognizable; revolutionary.
#147. [Change of one thing for another.] Substitution. -- N.
substitution, commutation; supplanting &c. v.; metaphor, metonymy &c.
(figure of speech) 521.
[Thing substituted] substitute, ersatz, makeshift, temporary
expedient, replacement, succedaneum; shift, pis aller, stopgap, jury
rigging, jury mast, locum tenens, warming pan, dummy, scapegoat; double;
changeling; quid pro quo, alternative.
representative &c. (deputy) 759; palimpsest.
price, purchase money, consideration, equivalent.
V. substitute, put in the place of, change for; make way for, give
place to; supply the place of, take the place of; supplant, supersede,
replace, cut out, serve as a substitute; step into stand in the shoes of;
jury rig, make a shift with, put up with; borrow from Peter to pay Paul,
take money out of one pocket and put it in another, cannibalize; commute,
redeem, compound for.
Adj. substituted &c.; ersatz; phony; vicarious, subdititious.
Adv. instead; in place of, in lieu of, in the stead of, in the room
of; faute de mieux.
#148. [Double or mutual change.] Interchange. -- N. interchange,
exchange; commutation, permutation, intermutation; reciprocation,
transposition, shuffling; alternation, reciprocity; castling [at chess];
hocus-pocus.
interchangeableness, interchangeability.
barter &c. 794; tit for tat &c. (retaliation) 718; cross fire,
battledore and shuttlecock; quid pro quo.
V. interchange, exchange, counterchange; bandy, transpose, shuffle,
change bands, swap, permute, reciprocate, commute; give and take, return
the compliment; play at puss in the corner, play at battledore and
shuttlecock; retaliate &c. 718; requite.
Adj. interchanged &c. v.; reciprocal, mutual, commutative,
interchangeable, intercurrent.
Adv. in exchange, vice versa, mutatis mutandis, backwards and
forwards, by turns, turn and turn about; each in his turn, everyone in his
turn.
Adj. substituted &c. v.; vicarious, subdititious.
Adv. instead; in place of, in lieu of, in the stead of, in the room
of; faute de mieux.
<-- p. 43 -->
2. COMPLEX CHANGE
#149. Changeableness. -- N. changeableness &c. adj.; mutability,
inconstancy; versatility, mobility; instability, unstable equilibrium;
vacillation &c. (irresolution) 605; fluctuation, vicissitude; alternation
&c. (oscillation) 314.
restlessness &x. adj. fidgets, disquiet; disquietude, inquietude; unrest;
agitation &c. 315.
moon, Proteus, chameleon, quicksilver, shifting sands, weathercock,
harlequin, Cynthia of the minute, April showers; wheel of Fortune;
transientness &c. 111.
V. fluctuate, vary, waver, flounder, flicker, flitter, flit, flutter,
shift, shuffle, shake, totter, tremble, vacillate, wamble, turn and turn
about, ring the changes; sway to and fro, shift to and fro; change and
change about; waffle, blow with the wind (irresolute) 605; oscillate &c.
314; vibrate between, two extremes, oscillate between, two extremes;
alternate; have as man phases as the moon.
Adj. changeable, changeful; changing &c. 140; mutable, variable,
checkered, ever changing; protean, proteiform|; versatile.
unstaid, inconstant; unsteady, unstable, unfixed, unsettled;
fluctuating &c. v.; restless; agitated &c. 315; erratic, fickle; irresolute
&c. 605; capricious &c. 608; toucb and go; inconsonant, fitful, spasmodic;
vibratory; vagrant, wayward; desultory; afloat; alternating; alterable,
plastic, mobile; transient &c. 111; wavering.
Adv. seesaw &c. (oscillation) 314; off and on.
Phr. "a rolling stone gathers no moss"; pictra mossa non fa muschis;
honores mutant mores; varium et mutabile semper femina [Vergil].
#150. Stability. -- N. stability; immutability &c. adj.;
unchangeableness &c. adj.; constancy; stable equilibrium, immobility,
soundness, vitality, stabiliment, stiffness, ankylosis, solidity, aplomb.
establishment, fixture; rock, pillar, tower, foundation, leopard's
spots, Ethiopia's skin.
permanence &c. 141; obstinacy &c. 606.
V. be firm &c. adj.; stick fast; stand firm, keep firm, remain firm;
weather the storm, stay the course, stick to the course, keep the faith,
don't give in, don't buckle under.
settle, establish, stablish, ascertain, fix, set, stabilitate; retain,
keep hold; make good, make sure; fasten &c. (join) 43; set on its legs,
float; perpetuate.
settle down; strike roots, put down roots, take root; take up one's
abode &c. 184; build one's house on a rock.
Adj. unchangeable, immutable; unaltered, unalterable; not to be
changed, constant; permanent &c. 141; invariable, undeviating; stable,
durable; perennial &c. (diuturnal) 110.
fixed, steadfast, firm, fast, steady, balanced; confirmed, valid;
fiducial; immovable, irremovable, riveted, rooted; settled, established &c.
v.; vested; incontrovertible, stereotyped, indeclinable.
tethered, anchored, moored, at anchor, on a rock, rock solid, firm as
a rock; firmly seated, firmly established &c. v.; deep-rooted,
ineradicable; inveterate; obstinate &c. 606.
transfixed, stuck fast, aground, high and dry, stranded.
indefeasible, irretrievable, intransmutable, incommutable,
irresoluble, irrevocable, irreversible, reverseless, inextinguishable,
irreducible; indissoluble, indissolvable; indestructible, undying,
imperishable, incorruptible, indelible, indeciduous; insusceptible,
insusceptible of change.
Int. stet.
Phr. littera scripta manet.
Present Events
#151. Eventuality. -- N. eventuality, event, occurrence, incident,
affair, matter, thing, episode, happening, proceeding, contingency,
juncture, experience, fact; matter of fact; naked fact, bare facts, just
the facts; phenomenon; advent.
business, concern, transaction, dealing, proceeding; circumstance,
particular, casualty, accident, adventure, passage, crisis, pass,
emergency, contingency, consequence; opportunity (occasion) 143.
the world, life, things, doings, affairs in general; things in
general, affairs in general; the times, state of affairs, order of the day;
course of things, tide of things, stream of things, current of things, run
of things, march of things, course of events; ups and downs of life,
vicissitudes of life; chapter of accidents &c. (chance) 156; situation &c.
(circumstances) 8.
V. happen, occur; take place, take effect; come, become of; come off,
comeabout, come round, come into existence, come forth, come to pass, come
on; pass, present itself; fall; fall out, turn out; run, be on foot, fall
in; befall, betide, bechance; prove, eventuate, draw on; turn up, crop up,
spring up, pop up, arise, show up, show its face, appear, come forth, cast
up; supervene, survene; issue, arrive, ensue, arise, start, hold, take its
course; pass off &c. (be past) 122.
meet with; experience, enjoy, encounter, undergo, suffer, pass
through, go through, be subjected to, be exposed to; fall to the lot of; be
one's chance, be one's fortune, be one's lot; find; ; endure &c. (feel)
821.
Adj. happening &c. v; going on, doing, current; in the wind, in the
air, afloat; on foot, afoot, on the tapis; at issue, in question;
incidental.
eventful, stirring, bustling, full of incident; memorable, momentous,
signal.
Adv. eventually; in the event of, in case, just in case; in the course
of things; as things, times go; as the world goes, wags; as the tree falls,
cat jumps; as it may turn out, happen.
Phr. that's the way the ball bounces, that's the way the cookie
crumbles; you never know what may turn up, you never know what the future
will bring; the plot thickens; "breasts the blows of circumstance"
[Tennyson]; "so runs round of life from hour to hour" [Tennyson] "sprinkled
along the waste of years" [Keble].
<-- p. 44 -->
Future Events
#152. Destiny. -- N. destiny &c. (necessity) 601; future existence,
post existence; hereafter; future state, next world, world to come, after
life; futurity &c. 121; everlasting life, everlasting death; life beyond
the grave, world beyond the grave; prospect &c. (expectation) 507.
V. impend; hang over, lie over; threaten, loom, await, come on,
approach, stare one in the face; foreordain, preordain; predestine, doom,
have in store for.
Adj. impending &c. v.; destined; about to be, happen; coming, in
store, to come, going to happen, instant, at hand, near; near, close at
hand; over hanging, hanging over one's head, imminent; brewing, preparing,
forthcoming; int he wind, on the cards, in reserve; that will, is to be; in
prospect &c. (expected) 507; looming in the distance, horizon, future;
unborn, in embryo; int he womb of time, futurity; pregnant &c. (producing)
161.
Adv. in time, the long run; all in good time; eventually &c. 151;
whatever may happen &c. (certainly) 474; as chance &c. 156 would have it.
SECTION VIII. CAUSATION
1. CONSTANCY OF SEQUENCE IN EVENTS
#153. [Constant antecedent]. Cause.-- N. cause, origin, source,
principle, element; occasioner, prime mover, primum mobile; vera causa;
author &c. (producer) 164; mainspring; agent; leaven; groudwork, foundation
&c. (support) 215.
spring, fountain, well, font; fountainhead, spring head, wellhead;
fons et origo, genesis; descent &c. (paternity) 166; remote cause;
influence.
pivot, hinge, turning point, lever, crux, fulcrum; key; proximate
cause, causa causans; straw that breaks the camel's back.
ground; reason, reason why; why and wherefore, rationale, occasion,
derivation; final cause &c. (intention) 620; les dessous des cartes;
undercurrents.
rudiment. egg, germ, embryo, bud, root, radix radical, etymon,
nucleus, seed, stem, stock, stirps, trunk, tap-root, gemmule, radicle,
semen, sperm.
nest, cradle, nursery, womb, nidus, birthplace, hotbed.
causality, causation; origination; production &c. 161.
V. be the cause &c. n of; originate; give origin to, give rise, to,
give occasion to; cause, occasion, sow the seeds of, kindle, suscitate;
bring on, bring to bring pass, bring about; produce; create &c. 161; set
up, set afloat, set on foot; found, broach, institute, lay the foundation
of; lie at the root of.
procure, induce, draw down, open the door to, superinduce, evoke,
entail, operate; elicit, provoke.
conduce to &c. (tend to) 176; contribute; have a hand in the pie, have
a finger in the pie; determine, decide, turn the scale; have a common
origin; derive its origin &c. (effect) 154.
Adj. caused &c. v; causal, original; primary, primitive, primordial;
aboriginal; protogenal; radical; embryonic, embryotic; in embryo, in ovo;
seminal, germinal; at the bottom of; connate, having a common origin.
Adv. because &c. 155; behind the scenes.
Phr. causa latet vis est notissima [Ovid]; felix qui potuit rerum
cognoscere causas [Vergil].
<-- p. 45 -->
#154. [Constant sequent.] Effect.-- N. effect, consequence;
aftergrowth, aftercome; derivative, derivation; result; resultant,
resultance; upshot, issue, denouement; end &c. 67; development, outgrowth,
fruit, crop, harvest, product, bud.
production, produce, work, handiwork, fabric, performance; creature,
creation; offspring, offshoot; firstfruits, firstlings; heredity, telegony;
premices premises.
V. be the effect of &c. n. ; be due to,be owing to; originate in,
originate from; rise -, arise, take its rise spring from, proceed from,
emanate from, come from, grow from, bud from, sprout from, germinate from,
issue from, flow from ,result from , follow from, derive its origin from,
accrue from; come to, come of, come out of; depend upon, hang upon, hinge
upon, turn upon.
take the consequences, sow the wind and reap the whirlwind.
Adj. owing to; resulting from &c. v.; derivable from; due to; caused
by &c. 153; ; dependent upon; derived from, evolved from; derivative;
hereditary; telegonous.
Adv. of course, it follows that, naturally, consequently; as a
consequence, in consequence; through, all along of, necessarily,
eventually.
Phr. cela va sans dire, "thereby hangs a tale" [Taming of the Shrew].
#155. [Assignment of cause] Attribution -- N. attribution, theory,
etiology, ascription, reference to, rationale; accounting for &c. v,;
palaetiology1, imputation, derivation from.
filiation, affiliation; pedigree &c. (paternity) 166.
explanation &c. (interpretation) 522; reason why &c. (cause) 153.
V. attribute to, ascribe to, impute to, refer to, lay to, point to,
trace to, bring home to; put down to, set down to, blame; charge on,
ground on; invest with, assign as cause, lay at, the door of, father upon;
account for, derive from, point out the reason &c. 153; theorize; tell how
it comes; put the saddle on the right horse.
Adj. attributed &c. v.; attributable &c. v.; referable to, referible
to, due to, derivable from; owing to &c. (effect) 154; putative; ecbatic.
Adv. hence, thence, therefore, for, since, on account of, because,
owing to; on that account; from this cause, from that cause; thanks to,
forasmuch as; whence, propter hoc.
why? wherefore? whence? how comes it, how is it, how happens it? how
does it happen?
in some way, in some such way; somehow, somehow or other.
Phr. that is why; hinc illae lachrymae [Horace].
-----------------------------------------------------------
1. Whewell History of the inductive Sciences, book xviii vol. iii.p.
397 (3d edit.).
2 The word Chance has two distinct meanings: the first, the absence
of assignable cause, as above; and the second, the absence of design -- for
the latter see 621.
#156. [Absence of assignable cause.] Chance. 2 -- N. chance,
indetermination, accident, fortune, hazard, hap, haphazard, chance medley,
random, luck, raccroc, casualty, contingence, adventure, hit; fate &c.
(necessity) 601; equal chance; lottery; tombola; toss up &c. 621; turn of
the table, turn of the cards; hazard of the die, chapter of accidents,
fickle finger of fate; cast of the dice, throw of the dice; heads or tails,
flip of a coin, wheel of Fortune; sortes, sortes Virgilianae.
probability, possibility, odds; long odds, run of luck;
accidentalness; main chance, odds on, favorable odds.
contingency, dependence (uncertainty) 475; situation (circumstance) 8.
statistics, theory of Probabilities, theory of Chances; bookmaking;
assurance; speculation, gaming &c. 621.
V. chance, hap, turn up; fall to one's lot; be one's -fate &c. 601;
stumble on light upon; take one's chance &c. 621.
Adj. casual, fortuitous, accidental, adventitious, causeless,
incidental, contingent, uncaused, undetermined, indeterminate; random,
statistical; possible &c. 470; unintentional &c. 621.
Adv. by chance, accidentally, by accident; casually; perchance &c.
(possibly) 470; for aught one knows; as good would have it, as bad would
have it, as luck would have it, as ill-luck would have it, as chance would
have it; as it may be, as it may chance, as it may turn up, as it may
happen; as the case may be.
Phr. " grasps the skirts of happy chance " [Tennyson]; " the accident
of an accident " [Lord Thurlow]. "There but for the grace of God go I."
<-- p. 46 -->
2. CONNECTION BETWEEN CAUSE AND EFFECT
#157. Power.-- N. power; potency, potentiality; jiva; puissance,
might, force, energy &c. 171; dint; right hand, right arm; ascendency,
sway, control; prepotency, prepollence|; almightiness, omnipotence;
authority &c. 737; strength &c. 159.
ability; ableness &c. adj.; competency; efficacy; efficiency;
validity, cogency; enablement; vantage ground; influence &c. 175.
pressure; conductivity; elasticity; gravity, electricity, magnetism,
galvanism, voltaic electricity, voltaism, electromagnetism; attraction;
vis inertiae, vis mortua, vis viva [Latin]; potential energy, dynamic
energy; dynamic friction, dynamic suction; live circuit, live rail, live
wire.
capability, capacity; quid valeant humeri quid ferre recusent [Latin];
faculty, quality, attribute, endowment, virtue, gift, property,
qualification, susceptibility.
V. be powerful &c. adj.; gain power &c. n.
belong to, pertain to; lie in one's power, be in one's power; can.
give power, confer power, exercise power &c. n.; empower, enable,
invest; indue, endue; endow, arm; strengthen &c. 159; compel &c. 744.
Adj. powerful, puissant; potential; capable, able; equal to, up to;
cogent, valid; efficient; effective, effectual, efficacious, adequate,
competent; multipotent, plenipotent, omnipotent; almighty.
forcible &c. adj. (energetic) 171; influential &c. 175; productive &c.
168.
Adv. powerfully &c. adj.; by virtue of, by dint of.
Phr. a toute force; <gr/dos moi pou sto kai kino ten gen/gr>; eripuit
coelo fulmen sceptrumque tyrannis [Latin]; fortis cadere cedere non potest
[Latin].
#158. Impotence.-- N. impotence; inability, disability; disablement,
impuissance, imbecility; incapacity, incapability; inaptitude, ineptitude,
incompetence; indocility; invalidity, disqualification; inefficiency.
telum imbelle, brutum fulmen, blank, blank cartridge, flash in the
pan, vox et proeterea nihil, dead letter, bit of waste paper, dummy;
Quaker gun.
inefficacy &c. (inutility) 645; failure &c. 732.
helplessness &c. adj.; prostration, paralysis, palsy, apoplexy,
syncope, sideration|, deliquium|, collapse, exhaustion, softening of the
brain, inanition; emasculation, orchotomy.
cripple, old woman, muff, mollycoddle.
V. be impotent &c. adj.; not have a leg to stand on.
vouloir rompre l'anguille au genou [French], vouloir prendre la lune
avec les dents [French].
collapse, faint, swoon, fall into a swoon, drop; go by the board, end
in smoke &c. (fail) 732.
render powerless &c. adj.; deprive of power; disable, disenable;
disarm, incapacitate, disqualify, unfit, invalidate, deaden, cramp, tie the
hands; double up, prostrate, paralyze, muzzle, cripple, becripple, maim,
lame, hamstring, draw the teeth of; throttle, strangle, garrotte, garrote;
ratten, silence, sprain, clip the wings of, put hors de combat, spike the
guns; take the wind out of one's sails, scotch the snake, put a spoke in
one's wheel; break the neck, break the back; unhinge, unfit; put out of
gear.
unman, unnerve, enervate; emasculate, castrate, geld, alter.
shatter, exhaust, weaken &c. 160.
Adj. powerless, impotent, unable, incapable, incompetent;
innefficient, ineffective; inept; unfit, unfitted; unqualified,
disqualified; unendowed; inapt, unapt; crippled, disabled &c. v.; armless.
harmless, unarmed, weaponless, defenseless, sine ictu, unfortified,
indefensible, vincible, pregnable, untenable.
paralytic, paralyzed; palsied, imbecile; nerveless, sinewless,
marrowless, pithless, lustless; emasculate, disjointed; out of joint, out
of gear; unnerved, unhinged; water-logged, on one's beam ends, rudderless;
laid on one's back; done up, dead beat, exhausted, shattered, demoralized;
graveled &c. (in difficulty) 704; helpless, unfriended, fatherless; without
a leg to stand on, hors de combat, laid on the shelf.
null and void, nugatory, inoperative, good for nothing; ineffectual
&c. (failing) 732; inadequate &c. 640; inefficacious &c. (useless) 645.
Phr. der kranke Mann; "desirous still but impotent to rise"
[Shenstone].
<-- p. 47 -->
#159. [Degree of power.] Strength.-- N. strength; power &c. 157;
energy &c. 171; vigor, force; main force, physical force, brute force;
spring, elasticity, tone, tension, tonicity.
stoutness &c. adj.; lustihood, stamina, nerve, muscle, sinew, thews
and sinews, physique; pith, pithiness; virtility, vitality.
athletics, athleticism; gymnastics, feats of strength.
adamant, steel, iron, oak, heart of oak; iron grip; grit, bone.
athlete, gymnast, acrobat; superman, Atlas, Hercules, Antaeus, Samson,
Cyclops, Goliath; tower of strength; giant refreshed.
strengthening &c. v.; invigoration, refreshment, refocillation.
[Science of forces] dynamics, statics.
V. be strong &c. adj., be stronger; overmatch.
render strong &c. adj.; give strength &c. n.; strengthen, invigorate,
brace, nerve, fortify, sustain, harden, case harden, steel, gird; screw up,
wind up, set up; gird up one's loins, brace up one's loins; recruit, set on
one's legs; vivify; refresh &c. 689; refect; reenforce &c. (restore) 660.
Adj. strong, mighty, vigorous, forcible, hard, adamantine, stout,
robust, sturdy, hardy, powerful, potent, puissant, valid.
resistless, irresistible, invincible, proof against, impregnable,
unconquerable, indomitable, dominating, inextinguishable, unquenchable;
incontestable; more than a match for; overpowering, overwhelming; all
powerful, all sufficient; sovereign.
able-bodied; athletic; Herculean, Cyclopean, Atlantean; muscular,
brawny, wiry, well-knit, broad-shouldered, sinewy, strapping, stalwart,
gigantic.
manly, man-like, manful; masculine, male, virile.
unweakened, unallayed, unwithered, unshaken, unworn, unexhausted; in
full force, in full swing; in the plenitude of power.
stubborn, thick-ribbed, made of iron, deep-rooted; strong as a lion,
strong as a horse, strong as brandy; sound as a roach; in fine feather, in
high feather; like a giant refreshed.
Adv. strongly &c. adj.; by force &c. n.; by main force & c. (by
compulsion) 744.
Phr. "our withers are unwrung" [Hamlet].
Blut und Eisen; coelitus mihi vires; du fort au diable; en habiles
gens; ex vi termini; flecti non frangi; "he that wrestles with us
strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill" [Burke]; "inflexible in
faith invincible in arms" [Beattie].
<-- p. 48 -->
#160. Weakness.-- N. weakness &c. adj.; debility, atony, relaxation,
languor, enervation; impotence &c. 158; infirmity; effeminacy, feminality;
fragility, flaccidity; inactivity &c. 683.
anaemia, bloodlessness, deficiency of blood, poverty of blood.
declension of strength, loss of strength, failure of strength;
delicacy, invalidation, decrepitude, asthenia, adynamy, cachexy, cachexia,
sprain, strain.
reed, thread, rope of sand, house of cards.
softling, weakling; infant &c. 129; youth &c. 127.
V. be weak &c. adj.; drop, crumble, give way, totter, tremble, shake,
halt, limp, fade, languish, decline, flag, fail, have one leg in the grave.
render weak &c. adj.; weaken, enfeeble, debilitate, shake, deprive of
strength, relax, enervate, eviscerate; unbrace, unnerve; cripple, unman &c.
(render powerless) 158; cramp, reduce, sprain, strain, blunt the edge of;
dilute, impoverish; decimate; extenuate; reduce in strength, reduce the
strength of; mettre de l'eau dans son vin.
Adj. weak, feeble, debile|; impotent &c. 158; relaxed, unnerved, &c.
v.; sapless, strengthless, powerless; weakly, unstrung, flaccid, adynamic,
asthenic; nervous.
soft, effeminate, feminate, womanly.
frail, fragile, shattery; flimsy, unsubstantial, gimcrack,
gingerbread; rickety, cranky; craichy; drooping, tottering &c. v.; broken,
lame, withered, shattered, shaken, crazy, shaky; palsied &c. 158; decrepit.
languid, poor, infirm; faint, faintish; sickly &c. (disease) 655;
dull, slack, evanid|, spent, short-winded, effete; weather-beaten; decayed,
rotten, worn, seedy, languishing, wasted, washy, laid low, pulled down, the
worse for wear.
unstrengthened &c. 159, unsupported, unaided, unassisted; aidless,
defenseless &c. 158.
on its last legs; weak as a child, weak as a baby, weak as a chicken,
weak as a cat, weak as a rat; weak as water, weak as water gruel, weak as
gingerbread, weak as milk and water; colorless &c. 429.
Phr. non sum qualis eram.
3. POWER IN OPERATION
#161. Production.-- N. {ant. 162, 158} production, creation,
construction, formation, fabrication, manufacture; building, architecture,
erection, edification; coinage; diaster; organization; nisus formativus;
putting together &c. v.; establishment; workmanship, performance;
achievement &c. (completion) 729.
flowering, fructification; inflorescence.
bringing forth &c. v.: parturition, birth, birth-throe, childbirth,
delivery, confinement, accouchement, travail, labor, midwifery, obstetrics;
geniture; gestation &c. (maturation) 673; assimilation; evolution,
development, growth; entelechy; fertilization, gemination, germination,
heterogamy, genesis, generation, epigenesis, procreation, progeneration,
propagation; fecundation, impregnation; albumen &c. 357.
spontaneous generation; archegenesis, archebiosis; biogenesis,
abiogenesis, digenesis, dysmerogenesis, eumerogenesis, heterogenesis,
oogenesis, merogenesis, metogenesis, monogenesis, parthenogenesis,
homogenesis, xenogenesis1; authorship, publication; works, oeuvre.
biogeny, dissogeny, xenogeny; tocogony, vacuolization.
edifice, building, structure, fabric, erection, pile, tower, flower,
fruit.
V. produce, perform, operate, do, make, gar, form, construct,
fabricate, frame, contrive, manufacture; weave, forge, coin, carve, chisel;
build, raise, edify, rear, erect, put together, set up, run up; establish,
constitute, compose, organize, institute; achieve, accomplish &c.
(complete) 729.
flower, bear fruit, fructify, teem, ean, yean, farrow, drop, pup,
kitten, kindle; bear, lay, whelp, bring forth, give birth to, lie in, be
brought to bed of, evolve, pullulate, usher into the world.
make productive &c. 168; create; beget, get, generate, fecundate,
impregnate; procreate, progenerate, propagate; engender; bring into being,
call into being, bring into existence; breed, hatch, develop, bring up.
induce, superinduce; suscitate|; cause &c. 153; acquire &c. 775.
Adj. produced, producing &c. v.; productive of; prolific &c. 168;
creative; formative, genetic, genial, genital; pregnant; enceinte, big
with, fraught with; in the family way, teeming, parturient, in the straw,
brought to bed of; puerperal, puerperous.
digenetic, heterogenetic, oogenetic, xenogenetic; ectogenous, gamic,
haematobious, sporogenous, sporophorous.
architectonic.
Phr. ex nihilo nihil; fiat lux; materiam superabat opus [Ovid]; nemo
dat quod non habet [Latin].
#162. [Nonproduction.] Destruction.-- N. {ant. 161} destruction;
waste, dissolution, breaking up; diruption, disruption; consumption;
disorganization.
fall, downfall, ruin, peridition, crash, eboulement, smash, havoc,
delabrement, debacle; break down, break up, fall apart; prostration;
desolation, bouleversement, wreck, wrack, shipwreck, cataclysm; washout.
extinction, annihilation; destruction of life &c. 361; knock-down
blow; doom, crack of doom.
destroying &c. v.; demolition, demolishment; overthrow, subversion,
suppression; abolition &c. (abrogation) 756; biblioclasm; sacrifice;
ravage, devastation, razzia; incendiarism; revolution &c. 146; extirpation
&c. (extraction) 301; commencement de la fin, road to ruin; dilapidation
&c. (deterioration) 659; sabotage.
V. be destroyed &c.; perish; fall to the ground; tumble, topple; go to
pieces, fall to pieces; break up; crumble to dust; go to the dogs, go to
the wall, go to smash, go to shivers, go to wreck, go to pot, go to wrack
and ruin; go by the board, go all to smash; be all over, be all up, be all
with; totter to its fall.
destroy; do away with, make away with; nullify; annual &c. 756;
sacrifice, demolish; tear up; overturn, overthrow, overwhelm; upset,
subvert, put an end to; seal the doom of, do in, do for, dish*, undo; break
up, cut up; break down, cut down, pull down, mow down, blow down, beat
down; suppress, quash, put down, do a job on; cut short, take off, blot
out; dispel, dissipate, dissolve; consume.
smash, crash, quell, squash, squelch, crumple up, shatter, shiver;
batter to pieces, tear to pieces, crush to pieces, cut to pieces, shake to
pieces, pull to pieces, pick to pieces; laniate; nip; tear to rags, tear to
tatters; crush to atoms, knock to atoms; ruin; strike out; throw over,
knock down over; fell, sink, swamp, scuttle, wreck, shipwreck, ingulf,
submerge; lay in ashes, lay in ruins; sweep away, erase, wipe out, expunge,
raze; level with the dust, level with the ground.
deal destruction, lay waste, ravage gut; disorganize; dismantle &c.
(render useless) 645; devour, swallow up, desolate, devastate, sap, mine,
blast, bomb, blow to smithereens, drop the big one, confound; exterminate,
extinguish, quench, annihilate; snuff out, put out, stamp out, trample out;
lay in the dust, trample in the dust; prostrate; tread under foot; crush
under foot, trample under foot; lay the ax to the root of; make short work
of, make clean sweep of, make mincement of; cut up root and branch, chop
into pieces; fling to the winds, scatter to the winds; throw overboard;
strike at the root of, sap the foundations of, spring a mine, blow up,
ravage with fire and sword; cast to the dogs; eradicate &c. 301.
Adj. destroyed & c. v.; perishing &c. v.; trembling to its fall,
nodding to its fall, tottering to its fall; in course of -destruction &c.
n.; extinct; all-destroying, all-devouring, all-engulfing.
destructive, subversive, ruinous, incendiary, deletory|; destroying
&c. n. suicidal; deadly &c. (killing) 361.
Adv. with crushing effect, with a sledge hammer.
Phr. delenda est Carthago; dum Roma deliberat Saguntum perit; ecrasez
l'infame [Voltaire].
<-- p. 49 -->
#163. Reproduction.-- N. reproduction, renovation; restoration &c.
660; renewal; new edition, reprint, revival, regeneration, palingenesis,
revivication; apotheosis; resuscitation, reanimation, resurrection,
reappearance; regrowth; Phoenix.
generation &c. (production) 161; multiplication.
V. reproduce; restore &c. 660; revive, renovate, renew, regenerate,
revivify, resuscitate, reanimate, refashion, stir the embers, put into the
crucible; multiply, repeat; resurge.
crop up, spring up like mushrooms.
Adj. reproduced &c. v.; renascent, reappearing; reproductive;
suigenetic.
#164. Producer.-- N. producer, originator, inventor, author, founder,
generator, mover, architect, creator, prime mover; maker &c. (agent) 690;
prime mover.
#169. Unproductiveness.-- N. unproductiveness &c. adj.; infertility,
sterility, infecundity; impotence &c. 158; unprofitableness &c.
(inutility) 645.
waste, desert, Sahara, wild, wilderness, howling wilderness.
V. be - unproductive &c. adj.; hang fire, flash in the pan, come to
nothing.
[make unproductive] sterilize, addle; disable, inactivate.
Adj. unproductive, acarpous, inoperative, barren, addled, unfertile,
unprolific, arid, sterile, unfruitful, infecund; sine prole; fallow;
teemless, issueless, fruitless; unprofitable &c. (useless) 645; null and
void, of no effect.
#170. Agency.-- N. agency, operation, force, working, strain,
function, office, maintenance, exercise, work, swing, play; interworking,
interaction; procurement.
causation &c. 153; instrumentality &c. 631; influence &c. 175; action
&c. (voluntary) 680; modus operandi &c. 627.
quickening power, maintaining power, sustaining power; home stroke.
V. be -in action &c. adj.; operate, work; act, act upon; perform,
play, support, sustain, strain, maintain, take effect, quicken, strike.
come play, come bring into operation; have play, have free play; bring
to bear upon.
Adj. operative, efficient, efficacious, practical, effectual.
at work, on foot; acting &c. (doing) 680; in operation, in force, in
action, in play, in exercise; acted upon, wrought upon.
Adv. by the -agency &c. n.- of; through &c. (instrumentality) 631; by
means of &c. 632.
Phr. "I myself must mix with action lest I wither by despair"
[Tennyson].
#171. Physical Energy.-- N. energy, physical energy, force, keenness
&c. adj.; intensity, vigor, strength, elasticity; go; high pressure; fire;
rush.
acrimony, acritude; causiticity, virulence; poignancy; harshness &c.
adj.; severity, edge, point; pungency &c. 392.
cantharides; seasoning &c. (condiment) 393.
activity, agitation, effervescence; ferment, fermentation; ebullition,
splutter, perturbation, stir, bustle; voluntary energy &c. 682;
quicksilver.
resolution &c. (mental energy) 604; exertion &c. (effort) 686;
excitation &c. (mental) 824.
V. give -energy &c. n.; energize, stimulate, kindle, excite, exert;
sharpen, intensify; inflame &c. (render violent) 173; wind up &c.
(strengthen) 159.
strike home, into home, hard home; make an impression.
Adj. strong, energetic, forcible, active; intense, deep-dyed, severe,
keen, vivid, sharp, acute, incisive, trenchant, brisk.
rousing, irritation; poignant; virulent, caustic, corrosive, mordant,
harsh, stringent; double-edged, double-shotted, double-distilled; drastic,
escharotic|; racy &c. (pungent) 392.
potent &c. (powerful) 157; radioactive.
Adv. strongly &c. adj.; fortiter in re; with telling effect.
Phr. the steam is up; vires acquirit eundo; "the race by vigor not by
vaunts is won" [Pope].
#173. Violence.-- N. violence, inclemency, vehemence, might,
impetuosity; boisterousness &c. adj.; effervescence, ebullition;
turbulence, bluster; uproar, callithump [U. S.], riot, row, rumpus, le
diable a quatre, devil to pay, all the fat in the fire.
severity &c. 739; ferocity, rage, fury; exacerbation, exasperation,
malignity; fit, paroxysm; orgasm, climax, aphrodisia; force, brute force;
outrage; coup de main; strain, shock, shog; spasm, convulsion, throe;
hysterics, passion &c. (state of excitability) 825.
outbreak, outburst; debacle; burst, bounce, dissilience, discharge,
volley, explosion, blow up, blast, detonation, rush, eruption, displosion|,
torrent.
turmoil &c. (disorder) 59; ferment &c. (agitation) 315; storm,
tempest, rough weather; squall &c. (wind) 349; earthquake, volcano,
thunderstorm.
berserk, berserker; fury, dragon, demon, tiger, beldame, Tisiphone,
Megaera, Alecto, madcap, wild beast; fire eater &c. (blusterer) 887.
V. be -violent &c. adj.; run high; ferment, effervesce; romp, rampage;
run wild, run amuck, run riot; break the peace; rush, tear; rush headlong,
rush foremost; raise a storm, make a riot, make a row, kick up a row; ;
rough house*; bluster, rage, roar, riot, storm; boil, boil over; fume,
foam, come on like a lion; wreak, bear down, ride roughshod, out Herod,
Herod; spread like wildfire.
break out, fly out, burst out; bounce, explode, go off, displode|,
fly, detonate, thunder, blow up, flash, flare, burst; shock, strain; break
open, force open, prize open.
render -violent &c. adj.; sharpen, stir up, quicken, excite, incite,
annoy, urge, lash, stimulate, turn on; irritate, inflame, kindle,
suscitate|, foment; accelerate, aggravate, exasperate, exacerbate,
convulse, infuriate, madden, lash into fury; fan the flame; add fuel to the
flame, pour oil on the fire, oleum addere camino.
explode; let fly, fly off; discharge, detonate, set off, detonize,
fulminate.
Adj. violent, vehement; warm; acute, sharp; rough, rude, ungentle,
bluff, boisterous, wild; brusque, abrupt, waspish; impetuous; rampant.
turbulent; disorderly; blustering, raging &c. v.; troublous, riotous;
tumultuary, tumultuous; obstreperous, uproarious; extravagant; unmitigated;
ravening, tameless; frenzied &c. (insane) 503. desperate &c. (rash) 863;
infuriate, furious, outrageous, frantic, hysteric, in hysterics.
fiery, flaming, scorching, hot, red-hot, ebullient.
savage, fierce, ferocious, fierce as a tiger.
excited &c. v.; unquelled, unquenched, unextinguished, unrepressed,
unbridled, unruly; headstrong, ungovernable, unappeasable, unmitigable;
uncontrollable, incontrollable; insuppressible, irrepressible; orgastic.
spasmodic, convulsive, explosive; detonating &c. v.; volcanic,
meteoric; stormy &c. (wind) 349.
Adv. violently &c. adj.; amain; by storm, by force, by main force;
with might and main; tooth and nail, vi et armis, at the point of the
sword, at the point of the bayonet; at one fell swoop; with a high hand,
through thick and thin; in desperation, with a vengeance; a outrance, a
toute outrance; headlong, head foremost.
Phr. furor arma ministrat; "blown with restless violence round about
the pendent world" [Measure for Measure].
<-- p. 52 -->
#174. Moderation.-- N. moderation, lenity &c. 740; temperateness,
gentleness &c. adj.; sobriety; quiet; mental calmness &c. (inexcitability)
826.
moderating &c. v.; anaphrodisia; relaxation, remission, mitigation,
tranquilization, assuagement, contemporation, pacification.
measure, juste milieu, golden mean, <gr/ariston metron/gr>.
moderator; lullaby, sedative, lenitive, demulcent, antispasmodic,
carminative, laudanum; rose water, balm, poppy, opiate, anodyne, milk,
opium, "poppy or mandragora"; wet blanket; palliative.
V. be -moderate &c. adj.; keep within bounds, keep within compass;
sober down, settle down; keep the peace, remit, relent, take in sail.
moderate, soften, mitigate, temper, accoy|; attemper, contemper;
mollify, lenify, dulcify, dull, take off the edge, blunt, obtund, sheathe,
subdue, chasten; sober down, tone down, smooth down; weaken &c. 160; lessen
&c. (decrease) 36; check palliate.
tranquilize, pacify, assuage, appease, swag, lull, soothe, compose,
still, calm, calm down, cool, quiet, hush, quell, sober, pacify, tame,
damp, lay, allay, rebate, slacken, smooth, alleviate, rock to sleep,
deaden, smooth, throw cold water on, throw a wet blanket over, turn off;
slake; curb &c. (restrain) 751; tame &c. (subjugate) 749; smooth over; pour
oil on the waves, pour oil on the troubled waters; pour balm into, mattre
de l'eau dans son vin.
go out like a lamb, "roar you as gently as any sucking dove,"
[Midsummer-Night's Dream].
Adj. moderate; lenient &c. 740; gentle, mild, mellow; cool, sober,
temperate, reasonable, measured; tempered &c. v.; calm, unruffled, quiet,
tranquil, still; slow, smooth, untroubled; tame; peaceful, peaceable;
pacific, halcyon.
unexciting, unirritating; soft, bland, oily, demulcent, lenitive,
anodyne; hypnotic &c. 683; sedative; antiorgastic, anaphrodisiac.
mild as mother's milk; milk and water.
Adv. moderately &c. adj.; gingerly; piano; under easy sail, at half
speed; within bounds, within compass; in reason.
Phr. est modue in rebus.
4. Indirect Power
#175. Influence.-- N. influence; importance &c. 642; weight, pressure,
preponderance, prevalence, sway; predominance, predominancy; ascendency;
dominance, reign; control, domination, pull*; authority &c.737; capability
&c. (power) 157; effect &c. 154; interest.
footing; purchase &c. (support) 215; play, leverage, vantage ground.
tower of strength, host in himself; protection, patronage, auspices.
V. have -influence &c. n.; be -influential &c. adj.; carry weight,
weigh, tell; have a hold upon, magnetize, bear upon, gain a footing, work
upon; take root, take hold; strike root in.
run through, pervade; prevail, dominate, predominate; out weigh, over
weigh; over-ride, over-bear; gain head; rage; be -rife &c. adj.; spread
like wildfire; have the upper hand, get the upper hand, gain the upper
hand, have full play, get full play, gain full play.
be recognized, be listened to; make one's voice heard, gain a hearing;
play a part, play a leading part, play a leading part in; take the lead,
pull the strings; turn the scale, throw one's weight into the scale; set
the fashion, lead the dance.
Adj. influential, effective; important &c. 642; weighty; prevailing
&c. v.; prevalent, rife, rampant, dominant, regnant, predominant, in the
ascendant, hegemonical.
Adv. with telling effect.
Phr. tel maure tel valet.
#175a. Absence of Influence.-- N. impotence &c. 158; powerlessness;
inertness &c. 172; irrelevancy &c. 10.
V. have no -influence &c. 175.
Adj. uninfluential, ineffective; unconducing, unconducive,
unconducting to; powerless &c. 158; irrelevant &c. 10.
<-- p. 53 -->
#176. Tendency.-- N. tendency; aptness, aptitude; proneness,
proclivity, bent, turn, tone, bias, set, leaning to, predisposition,
inclination, propensity, susceptibiliy; conatus, nisus; liability &c. 177;
quality, nature, temperament; idiocrasy, idiosyncrasy; cast, vein, grain;
humor, mood; drift &c. (direction) 278; conduciveness, conducement;
applicability &c. (utility) 644; subservience &c. (instrumentality) 631.
V. tend, contribute, conduce, lead, dispose, incline, verge, bend to,
trend, affect, carry, redound to, bid fair to, gravitate towards; promote
&c. (aid) 707.
Adj. tending &c. v.; conducive, working towards, in a fair way to,
calculated to; liable &c. 177; subservient &c. (instrumental) 631; useful
&c. 644; subsidiary &c. (helping) 707.
Adv. for, whither.
#177. Liability.-- N. liability, liableness; possibility, contingency;
susceptivity, susceptibility.
V. be -liable &c. adj.; incur, lay oneself open to; run the chance,
stand a chance; lie under, expose oneself to, open a door to.
Adj. liable, subject; in danger &c. 665; open to, exposed to,
obnoxious to; answerable; unexempt from; apt to; dependent on; incident to.
contingent, incidental, possible, on the cards, within range of, at
the mercy of.
5. Combinations of Causes
#178. Concurrence.-- N. concurrence, cooperation, coagency; union;
agreement &c. 23; consilience; consent, coincidence &c. (assent) 488;
alliance; concert &c. 709; partnership &c. 712.
V. concur, conduce, conspire, contribute; agree, unite; hang together,
pull together.
&c. (cooperate) 709; help to &c. (aid) 707.
keep pace with, run parallel; go with, go along with, go hand in hand
with.
Adj. concurring &c. v.; concurrent, in alliance with, banded together,
of one mind, at one with.
Adv. with one consent.
#180. [Indefinite space.] Space.-- N. space, extension, extent,
superficial extent, expanse, stretch; room, scope, range, field, way,
expansion, compass, sweep, swing, spread.
latitude, play.
spare room, elbow room, house room; stowage, roomage, margin; opening,
sphere, arena.
open space, free space; void &c. (absence) 187; waste; wildness,
wilderness; moor, moorland; campagna.
abyss &c. (interval) 198; unlimited space; infinity &c. 105; world;
ubiquity &c. (presence) 186; length and breadth of the land.
proportions, acreage; acres, acres and perches, roods and perches;
square inches, square yards&c.; ares, arpents.
Adj. spacious, roomy, extensive, expansive, capacious, ample;
widespread, vast, world-wide, uncircumscribed; boundless &c. (infinite)
105; shoreless, trackless, pathless; extended.
Adv. extensively &c. adj.; wherever; everywhere; far and near, far and
wide; right and left, all over, all the world over; throughout the world,
throughout the length and breadth of the land; under the sun, in every
quarter; in all quarters, in all lands; here there and everywhere; from
pole to pole, from China to Peru [Johnson], from Indus to the pole [Pope],
from Dan to Beersheba, from end to end; on the face of the earth, in the
wide world, from all points of the compass; to the four winds, to the
uttermost parts of the earth.
#180a. Inextension.-- N. inextension, nonextension, point; dot; atom
&c. (smallness) 32.
#182. [Limited space.] Place.-- N. place, lieu, spot, point, dot;
niche, nook &c. (corner) 244; hole; pigeonhole &c. (receptacle) 191;
compartment; premises, precinct, station; area, courtyard, square; abode
&c. 189; locality &c. (situation) 183.
ins and outs; every hole and corner.
Adv. somewhere, in some place, wherever it may be, here and there, in
various places, passim.
2. RELATIVE SPACE
#183. Situation.-- N. situation, position, locality, locale, status,
latitude and longitude; footing, standing, standpoint, post; stage; aspect,
attitude, posture, pose.
place, site, station, seat, venue, whereabouts; ground; bearings &c.
(direction) 278; spot &c. (limited space) 182.
topography, geography, chorography; map &c. 554.
V. be situated, be situate; lie, have its seat in.
Adj. situate, situated; local, topical, topographical &c. n.
Adv. in situ, in loco; here and there, passim; here abouts, there
abouts, where abouts; in place, here, there.
in such and such surroundings, in such and such environs, in
such and such entourage, amidst such and such surroundings, amidst such and
such environs, amidst such and such entourage.
<-- p. 55 -->
#184. Location.-- N. location, localization; lodgment; deposition,
reposition; stowage, package; collocation; packing, lading; establishment,
settlement, installation; fixation; insertion &c. 300.
anchorage, mooring, encampment.
plantation, colony, settlement, cantonment; colonization,
domestication, situation; habitation &c. (abode) 189; cohabitation; "a
local habitation and a name" [Midsummer Night's Dream]; endenization,
naturalization.
V. place, situate, locate, localize, make a place for, put, lay, set,
seat, station, lodge, quarter, post, install; house, stow; establish, fix,
pin, root; graft; plant &c. (insert) 300; shelve, pitch, camp, lay down,
deposit, reposit; cradle; moor, tether, picket; pack, tuck in; embed,
imbed; vest, invest in.
billet on, quarter upon, saddle with; load, lade, freight; pocket, put
up, bag.
inhabit &c. (be present) 186; domesticate, colonize; take root, strike
root; anchor; cast anchor, come to an anchor; sit down, settle down;
settle; take up one's abode, take up one's quarters; plant oneself,
establish oneself, locate oneself; squat, perch, hive, se nicher, bivouac,
burrow, get a footing; encamp, pitch one's tent; put up at, put up one's
horses at; keep house.
endenizen, naturalize, adopt.
put back, replace &c. (restore) 660.
Adj. placed &c. v.; situate, posited, ensconced, imbedded, embosomed,
rooted; domesticated; vested in, unremoved.
moored &c. v.; at anchor.
#185. Displacement.-- N. displacement, elocation, transposition.
ejectment &c. 297; exile &c. (banishment) 893; removal &c.
(transference) 270.
misplacement, dislocation &c. 61; fish out of water.
V. displace, displant, dislodge, disestablish; exile &c. (seclude)
893; ablegate, set aside, remove; take away, cart away; take off, draft
off; lade &c. 184.
unload, emply &c. (eject) 297; transfer &c. 270; dispel.
vacate; depart &c. 293.
Adj. displaced &c. v.; unplaced, unhoused, unharbored, unestablished,
unsettled; houseless, homeless; out of place, out of a situation.
misplaced, out of its element.
3. EXISTENCE IN SPACE
#186. Presence.-- N. presence; occupancy, occupation; attendance;
whereness.
permeation, pervasion; diffusion &c. (dispersion) 73.
ubiety, ubiquity, ubiquitariness; omnipresence.
bystander &c. (spectator) 444.
V. exist in space, be present &c. adj.; assister; make one of, make
one at; look on, attend, remain; find oneself, present oneself; show one's
face; fall in the way of, occur in a place; lie, stand; occupy.
people; inhabit, dwell, reside, stay, sojourn, live, abide, lodge,
nestle, roost, perch; take up one's abode &c. (be located) 184; tenant.
resort to, frequent, haunt; revisit.
fill, pervade, permeate; be diffused, be disseminated, be through;
over spread, overrun; run through; meet one at every turn.
Adj. present; occupying, inhabiting &c. v.; moored &c. 184; resiant,
resident, residentiary; domiciled.
ubiquitous, ubiquitary; omnipresent; universally present.
peopled, populous, full of people, inhabited.
Adv. here, there, where, everywhere, aboard, on board, at home,
afield; here there and everywhere &c. (space) 180; in presence of, before;
under the eyes of, under the nose of; in the face of; in propria persona.
on the spot.
Phr. nusquam est qui ubique est [Seneca].
<-- p. 56 -->
#187. [Nullibiety.1] <-- 1 Bishop Wilkins. --> Absence.-- N. absence;
inexistence &c. 2; nonresidence, absenteeism; nonattendance, alibi.
emptiness &c. adj.; void, vacuum; vacuity, vacancy; tabula rasa;
exemption; hiatus &c. (interval) 198; lipotype|!.
truant, absentee.
nobody; nobody present, nobody on earth; not a soul; ame qui vive.
V. be absent &c. adj.; keep away, keep out of the way; play truant,
absent oneself, stay away; keep aloof, hold aloof.
withdraw, make oneself scarce, vacate; go away &c. 293.
Adj. absent, not present, away, nonresident, gone, from home; missing;
lost; wanting; omitted; nowhere to be found; inexistence &c. 2.
empty, void; vacant, vacuous; untenanted, unoccupied, uninhabited;
tenantless; desert, deserted; devoid; uninhabitable.
Adv. without, minus, nowhere; elsewhere; neither here nor there; in
default of; sans; behind one's back.
Phr. the bird has flown, non est inventus.
"absence makes the heart grow fonder" [Bayley]; "absent in body but
present in spirit" [1 Corinthians v, 3]; absento nemo ne nocuisse velit
[Propertius]; "Achilles absent was Achilles still" [Homer]; aux absents les
os; briller par son absence; "conspicious by his absence" [Russell]; "in
the hope to meet shortly again and make our absence sweet" [B. Jonson].
#196. Distance.-- N. distance; space &c. 180; remoteness, farness,
far-cry to; longinquity, elongation; offing, background; remote region;
removedness; parallax; reach, span, stride.
outpost, outskirt; horizon; aphelion; foreign parts, ultima Thule, ne
plus ultra, antipodes; long range, giant's stride.
dispersion &c.73.
V. be distant &c. adj.; extend to, stretch to, reach to, spread to, go
to, get to, stretch away to; range.
remain at a distance; keep away, keep off, keep aloof, keep clear of,
stand away, stand off, stand aloof, stand clear of.
Adj. distant; far off, far away; remote, telescopic, distal, wide of;
stretching to &c. v.; yon, yonder; ulterior; transmarine, transpontine,
transatlantic, transalpine; tramontane; ultramontane, ultramundane;
hyperborean, antipodean; inaccessible, out of the way; unapproached,
unapproachable; incontiguous.
Adv. far off, far away; afar, afar off; off; away; a long way off, a
great way off, a good way off; wide away, aloof; wide of, clear of; out of
the way, out of reach; abroad, yonder, farther, further, beyond; outre mer,
over the border, far and wide, "over the hills and far away [Gay]; from
pole to pole &c. (over great space) 180; to the uttermost parts, to the
ends of the earth; out of hearing, nobody knows where, a perte de vue, out
of the sphere of, wide of the mark; a far cry to.
apart, asunder; wide apart, wide asunder; longo intervallo; at arm's
length.
Phr. "distance lends enchantment" [Campbell].
#197. Nearness.-- N. nearness &c. adj.; proximity, propinquity;
vicinity, vicinage; neighborhood, adjacency; contiguity &c. 199.
short distance, short step, short cut; earshot, close quarters,
stone's throw; bow shot, gun shot, pistol shot; hair's breadth, span.
purlieus, neighborhood, vicinage, environs, alentours, suburbs,
confines, banlieue, borderland; whereabouts.
bystander; neighbor, borderer.
approach &c. 286; convergence 7c. 290; perihelion.
V. be near &c. adj.; adjoin, hang about, trench on; border upon, verge
upon; stand by, approximate, tread on the heels of, cling to, clasp, hug;
huddle; hang upon the skirts of, hover over; burn.
bring near, draw near &c. 286; converge &c. 290; crowd &c. 72; place
side by side &c. adv.
Adj. near, nigh; close at hand, near at hand; close, neighboring;
bordering upon, contiguous, adjacent, adjoining; proximate, proximal; at
hand, handy; near the mark, near run; home, intimate.
Adv. near, nigh; hard by, fast by; close to, close upon; hard upon; at
the point of; next door to; within reach, within call,
within hearing, within earshot; within an ace of; but a step, not far
from, at no great distance; on the verge of, on the brink of, on the skirts
of; in the environs &c. n.; at one's door, at one's feet, at one's elbow,
at one's finger's end, at one's side; on the tip of one's tongue; under
one's nose; within a stone's throw &c. n.; in sight of, in presence of; at
close quarters; cheek by jole, cheek by jowl; beside, alongside, side by
side, tete-a-tete; in juxtaposition &c. (touching) 199; yardarm to yardarm,
at the heels of; on the confines of, at the threshold, bordering upon,
verging to; in the way.
about; here abouts, there abouts; roughly, in round numbers;
approximately, approximatively; as good as, well-nigh.
#199. Contiguity.-- N. contiguity, contact, proximity, apposition,
abuttal, juxtaposition; abutment, osculation; meeting, appulse, rencontre,
rencounter, syzygy, coincidence, coexistence; adhesion &c. 46; touching &c.
v. (see touch 379).
borderland; frontier &c. (limit) 233; tangent; abutter.
V. be contiguous &c. adj.; join, adjoin, abut on, march with; graze,
touch, meet, osculate, come in contact, coincide; coexist; adhere &c. 46.
Adj. contiguous; touching &c. v.; in contact &c. n.; conterminous, end
to end, osculatory; pertingent|; tangential.
hand to hand; close to &c. (near) 197; with no interal &c. 198.
2. LINEAR DIMENSIONS
#200. Length.-- N. length, longitude, span; mileage.
line, bar, rule, stripe, streak, spoke, radius.
lengthening &c. v.; prolongation, production, protraction; tension,
tensure; extension.
[Measures of length] line, nail, inch, hand, palm, foot, cubit, yard,
ell, fathom, rood, pole, furlong, mile, league; chain; arpent, handbreadth,
jornada [U.S.], kos, vara.
pedometer, perambulator; scale &c. (measurement) 466.
V. be long &c. adj.; stretch out, sprawl; extend to, reach to, stretch
to; make a long arm, "drag its slow length along."
render long &c. adj.; lengthen, extend, elongate; stretch; prolong,
produce, protract; let out, draw out, spinout; drawl.
enfilade, look along, view in perspective.
Adj. long, longsome; lengthy, wiredrawn, outstretched; lengthened &c.
v.; sesquipedalian &c. (words) 577; interminable, no end of; macrocolous.
linear, lineal; longitudinal, oblong.
as long as my arm, as long as today and tomorrow; unshortened &c.
(shorten &c. 201).
Adv. lengthwise, at length, longitudinally, endlong, along; tandem; in
a line &c. (continuously) 69; in perspective.
from end to end, from stem to stern, from head to foot, from the crown
of the head to the sole of the foot, from top to toe; fore and aft.
#201. Shortness.-- N. shortness &c. adj.; brevity; littleness &c. 193;
a span.
shortening &c. v.; abbreviation, abbreviature; abridgment, concision,
retrenchment, curtailment, decuration|; reduction &c. (contraction) 195;
epitome &c. (compendium) 596.
elision, ellipsis; coonciseness &c. (in style) 572.
abridger, epitomist, epitomizer.
V. be short &c. adj.; render short &c. adj.; shorten, curtail,
abridge, abbreviate, take in, reduce; compress &c. (contract) 195;
epitomize &c. 596.
retrench, cut short, obtruncate; scrimp, cut, chop up, hack, hew; cut
down, pare down; clip, dock, lop, prune, shear, shave, mow, reap, crop;
snub; truncate, pollard, stunt, nip, check the growth of; [in drawing]
foreshorten.
Adj. short, brief, curt; compendious, compact; stubby, scrimp; shorn,
stubbed; stumpy, thickset, pug; chunky [U.S.], decurtate; retrousse;
stocky; squab, squabby; squat, dumpy; little &c. 193; curtailed of its fair
proportions; short by; oblate; concise &c. 572; summary.
Adv. shortly &c. adj.; in short &c. (concisely) 572.
<-- p. 62 -->
#202. Breadth, Thickness.-- N. breadth, width, latitude, amplitude;
diameter, bore, caliber, radius; superficial extent &c. (space) 180.
thickness, crassitude; corpulence &c. (size) 192; dilation &c.
(expansion) 194.
V. be broad &c. adj.; become broad, render broad &c. adj.; expand &c.
194; thicken, widen, calibrate.
Adj. broad, wide, ample, extended; discous; fanlike; outspread,
outstretched; "wide as a church-door" [Romeo and Juliet]; latifoliate,
latifolous.
thick, dumpy, squab, squat, thickset; thick as a rope.
#203. Narrowness. Thinness.-- N. narrowness &c. adj.; closeness,
exility; exiguity 7c. (little) 193.
line; hair's breadth, finger's breadth; strip, streak, vein.
thinness &c. adj.; tenuity; emaciation, macilency, marcor|.
shaving, slip &c. (filament) 205; thread paper, skeleton, shadow,
anatomy, spindleshanks, lantern jaws, mere skin and bone.
middle constriction, stricture, neck, waist, isthmus, wasp, hourglass;
ridge, ghaut, ghat, pass; ravine &c. 198.
narrowing, coarctation, angustation, tapering; contraction &c. 195.
V. be narrow &c. adj.; narrow, taper, contract &c. 195; render narrow
&c. adj.
Adj. narrow, close; slender, thin, fine; thread-like &c. (filament)
205; finespun; taper, slim, slight-made; scant, scanty; spare, delicate,
incapacious; contracted &c. 195; unexpanded &c. (expand &c. 194); slender
as a thread.
[in reference to people or animals] emaciated, lean, meager, gaunt,
macilent; lank, lanky; weedy, skinny; scrawny [U.S.] slinky; starved,
starveling; herring gutted; worn to a shadow, lean as a rake [Chaucer];
thin as a lath, thin as a whipping post, thin as a wafer; hatchet-faced;
lantern-jawed.
attenuated, shriveled, extenuated, tabid, marcid|, barebone, rawboned.
#206. Height. -- N. height, altitude, elevation; eminence, pitch;
loftiness &c. adj.; sublimity.
tallness &c. adj.; stature, procerity; prominence &c. 250.
colussus &c. (size) 192; giant, grenadier, giraffe, camelopard.
mount, mountain; hill alto, butte [U.S.], monticle, fell, knap; cape;
headland, foreland; promontory; ridge, hog's back, dune; rising ground,
vantage ground; down; moor, moorland; Alp; uplands, highlands; heights &c.
(summit), 210; knob, loma, pena [U.S.], picacho, tump; knoll, hummock,
hillock, barrow, mound, mole; steeps, bluff, cliff, craig, tor, peak, pike,
clough; escarpment, edge, ledge, brae; dizzy height.
tower, pillar, column, obelisk, monument, steeple, spire, minaret,
campanile, turret, dome, cupola.
pole, pikstaff, maypole, flagstaff; top mast, topgallant mast.
ceiling &c. (covering) 223.
high water; high tide, flood tide, spring tide.
altimetry &c. (angel) 244; batophobia.
V. be high &c. adj.; tower, soar, command; hover; cap, culminate;
overhang, hang over, impend, beetle, bestride, ride, mount; perch,
surmount; cover &c. 223; overtop &c. (be superior) 33; stand on tiptoe.
become high &c. adj.; grow higher, grow taller; upgrow; rise &c.
(ascend) 305.
render high &c. adj.; heighten &c. (elevate) 307.
Adj. high, elevated, eminent, exalted, lofty, tall; gigantic &c. (big)
192; Patagonian; towering, beetling, soaring, hanging [gardens]; elevated
&c. 307; upper; highest &c. (topmost) 210; high reaching, insessorial,
perching.
upland, moorland; hilly, knobby [U.S.]; mountainous, alpine,
subalpine, heaven kissing; cloudtopt, cloudcapt, cloudtouching; aerial.
overhanging &c. v. ; incumbent, overlying, superincumbent,
supernatant, superimposed; prominent &c. c. 250.
tall as a maypole, tall as a poplar, tall as a steeple, lanky &c.
(thin) 203.
Adv. on high, high up, aloft, up, above, aloof, overhead; airwind;
upstairs, abovestairs; in the clouds; on tiptoe, on stilts, on the
shoulders of; over head and ears; breast high.
over, upwards; from top to bottom &c. (completely) 52.
Phr. e meglio cader dalle finistre che dal tetto.
#207. Lowness. -- N. lowness &c. adj.; debasement, depression,
prostration &c. (horizontal) 213; depression &c. (concave) 252.
molehill; lowlands; basement floor, ground floor; rez de chaussee;
cellar; hold; feet, heels.
low water; low tide, ebb tide, neap tide, spring tide.
V. be low &c. adj.; lie low, lie flat; underlie; crouch, slouch,
wallow, grovel; lower &c. (depress) 308.
Adj. low, neap, debased; eether most; flat, level with the ground;
lying low &c. v.; crouched, subjacent, squat, prostrate &c. (horizontal)
213.
Adv. under; beneath, underneath; below; downwards; adown, at the foot
of; under foot, under ground; down stairs, below stairs; at a low ebb;
below par.
#208. Depth. -- N. depth; deepness &c. adj.; profundity, depression
&c. (concavity) 252.
hollow, pit, shaft, well, crater; gulf &c. 198; bowels of the earth,
botttomless pit, hell.
soundings, depth of water, water, draught, submersion; plummet, sound,
probe; sounding rod, sounding line; lead.
V. be deep &c. adj.; render deep &c. adj.; deepen.
plunge &c. 310; sound, heave th elead, take soundings; dig &c.
(excavate) 252.
Adj. deep, deep seated; profound, sunk, burried; submerged &c. 310;
subaqueous, submarine, subterranean, subterrene; underground.
bottomless, soundless, fathomless; unfathomed, unfathomable; abysmal;
deep as a well; bathycolpian; benthal, benthopelagic; downreaching,
yawning.
knee deep, ankel deep.
Adv. beyond one's depth, out of one's depth; over head and ears.
#209. Shallowness. -- N. shallowness &c. adj.; shoals; mere scratch.
Adj. shallow, slight, superficial; skin deep, ankle deep, knee deep;
just enough to wet one's feet; shoal, shoaly.
<-- p. 64 -->
#210. Summit. -- N. summit, summity|; top, vertex, apex, zenith,
pinnacle, acme, culmination, meridian, utmost height, ne plus utra, height,
pitch, maximum, climax, culminating point, crowning point, turning point;
turn of the tide, fountain head; water shed, water parting; sky, pole.
tip, tip top; crest, crow's nest, cap, truck, peak, nib; end &c. 67;
crown, brow; head, nob, noddle, pate; capsheaf.
high places, heights.
topgallant mast, sky scraper; quarter deck, hurricane deck.
architrave, frieze, cornice, coping stone, zoophorus, capital,
epistyle, sconce, pediment, entablature; tympanum; ceiling &c. (covering)
223.
attic, loft, garret, house top, upper story.
V. culminate, crown, top; overtop &c. (be superior to) 33.
Adj. highest &c. (high &c. 206); top; top most, upper most; tiptop;
culminating &c. v.; meridian, meridional; capital, head, polar, supreme,
supernal, topgallant.
Adv. atop, at the top of the tree.
Phr. en flute; fleur deau.
#211. Base. -- N. base, basement; plinth, dado, wainscot; baseboard,
mopboard; bedrock, hardpan [U.S.]; foundation &c. (support) 215;
substructure, substratum, ground, earth, pavement, floor, paving, flag,
carped, ground floor, deck; footing, ground work, basis; hold, bilge.
bottom, nadir, foot, sole, toe, hoof, keel, root; centerboard.
Adj. bottom, undermost, nethermost; fundamental; founded on, based on,
grounded on, built on.
#212. Verticality. -- N. verticality; erectness &c. adj.;
perpendicularity &c. 216a; right angle, normal; azimuth circle.
wall, precipice, cliff.
elevation, erection; square, plumb line, plummet.
V. be verticle &c. adj.; stand up, stand on end, stand erect, stand
upright; stick up, cock up.
render verticle &c. adj.; set up, stick up, raise up, cock up; erect,
rear, raise on its legs.
Adj. verticle, upright, erect, perpendicular, plumb, nornal, straight,
bolt, upright; rampant; standing up &c. v.; rectangular, orthogonal &c.
216a.
Adv. vertically &c. adj.; up, on end; up on end, right on end; a
plomb, endwise; one one's legs; at right angles.
#213. Horizontality. -- N. horizontality; flatness; level, plane;
stratum &c. 204; dead level, dead flat; level plane.
recumbency, lying down &c. v.; reclination, decumbence; decumbency,
discumbency|; proneness &c. adj.; accubation, supination, resupination,
prostration; azimuth.
plain, floor, platform, bowling green; cricket ground; croquet ground,
croquet lawn; billiard table; terrace, estrade, esplanade, parterre, table
land, plateau, ledge.
V. be horizontal &c. adj.; lie, recline, couch; lie down, lie flat,
lie prostrate; sprawl, loll, sit down.
render horizontal &c. adj.; lay down, lay out; level, flatten;
prostrate, knock down, floor, fell.
Adj. horizontal, level, even, plane; flat &c. 251; flat as a billiard
tabble, flat as a bowling green; alluvial; calm, calm as a mill pond;
smooth, smooth as glass.
recumbent, decumbent, procumbent, accumbent; lying &c. v.; prone,
supine, couchant, jacent, prostrate, recubant.
Adv. horizontally &c. adj.; on one's back, on all fours, on its beam
ends.
#217. Obliquity. -- N. obliquity, inclination, slope, slant,
crookedness &c. adj.; slopeness; leaning &c. v.; bevel, tilt; bias, list,
twist, swag, cant, lurch; distortion &c. 243; bend &c. (curve) 245; tower
of Pisa.
acclivity, rise, ascent, gradient, khudd, rising ground, hill, bank,
declivity, downhill, dip, fall, devexity|; gentle slope, rapid slope, easy
ascent, easy descent; shelving beach; talus; monagne Russe; facilis
descensus cerni.
steepness &c. adj.; cliff, precipice &c. (vertical) 212; escarpment,
scarp.
[measure of inclination] clinometer; sine, cosine, cotangent, angle,
hypothenuse.
diagonal, zigzag.
V. be oblique &c. adj.; slope, slant, lean, incline, shelve, stoop,
decline, descend, bend, keel, careen, sag, swag, seel|, slouch, cant,
sidle.
render oblique &c. adj.; sway, bias; slope, slant; incline, bend,
crook; cant, tilt; distort &c. 243.
Adj. oblique, inclined; sloping &c. v.; tilted &c. v.; recumbent,
clinal, skew, askew, slant, aslant, plagihedral, indirect, wry, awry, ajee,
crooked; knock-kneed &c. (distorted) 243; bevel, out of the perpendicular;
aslope; asquint, backhanded; recubant.
uphill, rising, ascending, acclivous; downhill, falling, descending;
declining, declivous, devex|, anticlinal; steep, abrupt, precipitous,
breakneck.
diagonal; transverse, transversal; athwart, antiparallel; curved &c.
245.
Adv. obliquely &c. adj.; on one side, all on one side; askew, askant,
askance, edgewise, at an angle; sidelong, sideways; slopewise, slantwise;
by a side wind.
#218. Inversion. -- N. inversion, eversion, subversion, reversion,
retroversion, introversion; contraposition &c. 237; contrariety &c. 14;
reversal; turn of the tide.
overturn; somersault, somerset; summerset; culbute; revulsion;
pirouette.
transposition, transposal, anastrophy, metastasis, hyperbaton,
anastrophe, <gr/hysteron proteron/gr>, hypallage, synchysis, tmesis,
parenthesis; metathesis; palindrome.
pronation and supination.
V. be inverted &c.; turn round, turn about, turn to the right about,
go round, go about, go to the right about, wheel round, wheel about, wheel
to the right about; turn over, go over, tilt over, topple over; capsize,
turn turtle.
invert, subvert, retrovert, introvert; reverse; up turn, over turn, up
set, over set; turn topsy turvy &c. adj.; culbuter; transpose, put the cart
before the horse, turn the tables.
Adj. inverted &c. v.; wrong side out, wrong side up; inside out,
upside down; bottop upwards, keel upwards; supine, on one's head, topsy-
turvy, sens dessus dessous.
inverse; reverse &c. (contrary) 14; opposite &c. 237.
top heavy.
Adv. inversely &c. adj.; hirdy-girdy; heels over head, head over
heels.
3. Centrical Dimensions
<-- That is, dimensions having reference to a center -->
1. General
#220. Exteriority. -- N. exteriority; outside, exterior; surface,
superficies; skin &c. (covering) 223; superstratum; disk, disc; face,
facet; extrados.
excentricity; eccentricity; circumjacence &c. 227.
V. be exterior &c. adj.; lie around &c. 227.
place exteriorly, place outwardly, place outside; put out, turn out.
Adj. exterior, external; outer most; outward, outlying, outside,
outdoor; round about &c. 227; extramural; extralimitary, extramundane.
superficial, skin-deep; frontal, discoid.
extraregarding; excentric, eccentric; outstanding; extrinsic &c. 6;
ecdemic, exomorphic.
Adv. externally &c. adj.; out, with out, over, outwards, ab extra, out
of doors; extra muros.
in the open air; sub Jove, sub jio; a ala belle etoile, al fresco.
#221. Interiority. -- N. interiority; inside, interior; interspace,
subsoil, substratum; intrados.
contents &c. 190; substance, pith, marrow; backbone &c. (center) 222;
heart, bosom, breast; abdomen; vitals, viscera, entrails, bowels, belly,
intestines, guts, chitterings, womb, lap; penetralia, recesses, innermost
recesses; cave &c. (concavity) 252.
V. be inside &c. adj.; within &c. adv.
place within, keep within; inclose &c. (circumscribe) 229; intern;
imbed &c. (insert) 300.
Adj. interior, internal; inner, inside, inward, intraregarding;
inmost, innermost; deep seated; intesting, intestinal; inland;
subcutaneous; abdominal, coeliac, endomorphic; interstitial &c.
(interjacent) 228; inwrought &c. (intrinsic) 5; inclosed &c. v.
home, domestic, indoor, intramural, vernacular; endemic.
Adv. internally &c. adj.; inwards, within, in, inly; here in, there
in, where in; ab intra, withinside; in doors, within doors; at home, in the
bosom of one's family.
#222. Centrality. -- N. centrality, centricalness, center; middle &c.
68; focus &c. 74.
core, kernel; nucleus, nucleolus; heart, pole axis, bull's eye; nave,
navel; umbilicus, backbone, marrow, pith; vertebra, vertebral column;
hotbed; concentratin &c. (convergence) 290; centralization; symmetry.
center of gravity, center of pressure, center of percussion, center of
oscillation, center of buoyancy &c.; metacenter.
V. be central &c. adj.; converge &c. 290.
render central, centralize, concentrate; bring to a focus.
Adj. central, centrical; middle &c. 68; azygous, axial, focal,
umbilical, cocentric; middlemost; rachidian; spinal, vertebral.
Adv. middle; midst; centrally &c. adj.
#226. Divestment. -- N. divestment; taking off &c. v..
nudity; bareness &c. adj.; undress; dishabille &c. 225; the
altogether; nudation, denudation; decortication, depilation, excoriation,
desquamation; molting; exfoliation; trichosis.
V. divest; uncover &c. (cover &c. 223); denude, bare, strip;
disfurnish; undress, disrobe &c. (dress, enrobe &c. 225); uncoif;
dismantle; put off, take off, cast off; doff; peel, pare, decorticate,
excoriate, skin, scalp, flay; expose, lay open; exfoliate, molt, mew; cast
the skin.
Adj. divested &c. v.; bare, naked, nude; undressed, undraped;
exposed; in dishabille; bald, threadbare, ragged, callow, roofless.
in a state of nature, in nature's garb, in the buff, in native buff,
in birthday suit; in puris naturalibus; with nothing on, stark naked; bald
as a coot, bare as the back of one's hand; out at elbows; barefoot;
bareback, barebacked; leafless, napless, hairless.
#227. Circumjacence. -- N. circumjacence, circumambience; environment,
encompassment; atmosphere, medium, surroundings.
outpost; border &c. (edge) 231; girdle &c. (circumference) 230;
outskirts, boulebards, suburbs, purlieus, precincts, faubourgs, environs,
entourage, banlieue; neighborhood, vicinage, vicinity.
V. lie around &c. adv.; surround, beset, compass, encompass, environ,
inclose, enclose, encircle, embrace, circumvent, lap, gird; belt; begird,
engird; skirt, twine round; hem in &c. (circumscribe) 229.
Adj. circumjacent, circumambient, circumfluent; ambient; surrounding
&c. v.; circumferential, suburban.
Adv. around, about; without; on every side; on all sides; right and
left, all round, round about.
#228. Interjacence. -- N. interjacence, intercurrence, intervenience,
interlocation, interdigitation, interpenetration; permeation.
interjection, interpolation, interlineation, interspersion,
intercalation; embolism.
intervention, interference, interposition; intrusion, obtrusion;
insinuation; insertion &c. 300; dovetailing; infiltration.
intermedium, intermediary; go between, bodkin, intruder, interloper;
parenthesis, episode, flyleaf.
partition, septum, diaphragm, midriff; dissepiment; party, wall,
panel; halfway house.
V. lie between, come between, get between; intervene, slide in,
interpenetrate, permeate.
put between, introduce, import, throw in, wedge in, edge in, jam in,
worm in, foist in, run in, plow in, work in; interpose, interject,
intercalate, interpolate, interline, interleave, intersperse, interweave,
interlard, interdigitate; let in, dovetail, splice, mortise; insinuate,
smuggle; infiltrate, ingrain.
interfere, put in an oar, thrust one's nose in; intrude, obtrude; have
a finger in the pie; introduce the thin end of the wedge; thrust in &c.
(insert) 300.
Adj. interjacent, intercurrent, intervenient, intervening &c. v.,
intermediate, intermediary, intercalary, interstitial; embolismal.
parenthetical, episodic; mediterranean; intrusive; embosomed; merged.
Adv. between, betwixt; twixt; among, amongst; amid, amidst; mid,
midst; in the thick of; betwixt and between; sandwich-wise; parenthically,
obiter dictum.
<-- p. 70 -->
#229. Circumscription. -- N. circumscription, limitation, inclosure;
confinement &c. (restraint) 751; circumvallation; encintcture; envelope &c.
232.
container (receptacle) 191.
V. circumscribe, limit, bound, confine, inclose; surround &c. 227;
compass about; imprison &c. (restrain) 751; hedge in, wall in, rail in;
fence round, hedge round; picket; corral.
enfold, bury, incase, pack up, enshrine, inclasp; wrap up &c. (invest)
225; embay, embosom.
Adj. circumscribed &c. v.; begirt, lapt; buried in, immersed in;
embosomed, in the bosom of, imbedded, encysted, mewed up; imprisoned &c.
751; landlocked, in a ring fence.
#232. Inclosure. -- N. inclosure, envelope; case &c. (receptacle) 191;
wrapper; girdle &c. 230.
pen, fold; pen fold, in fold, sheep fold; paddock, pound; corral;
yard; net, seine net.
wall, hedge, hedge row; espalier; fence &c. (defense) 717; pale,
paling, balustrade, rail, railing, quickset hedge, park paling,
circumvallation, enceinte, ring fence.
barrier, barricade; gate, gateway; bent, dingle [U.S.]; door, hatch,
cordon; prison &c. 752.
dike, dyke, ditch, fosse, moat.
V. inclose, circumscribe &c. 229.
#233. Limit. -- N. limit, boundary, bounds, confine, enclave, term,
bourn, verge, curbstone, but, pale; termination, terminus; stint, frontier,
precinct, marches; backwoods.
boundary line, landmark; line of demarcation, line of circumvallation;
pillars of Hercules; Rubicon, turning point; ne plus ultra; sluice,
floodgate.
Adj. definite; conterminate|, conterminable; terminal, frontier;
bordering.
Adv. thus far, thus far and no further.
<-- p. 71 -->
2. Special
#234. Front. -- N. front; fore, forepart; foreground; face, disk,
disc, frontage; facade, proscenium, facia, frontispiece; anteriority;
obverse [of a medal or coin].
fore rank, front rank; van, vanguard; advanced guard; outpost; first
line; scout.
brow, forehead, visage, physiognomy, phiz, countenance, mut*; rostrum,
beak, bow, stem, prow, prore, jib.
pioneer &c. (precursor) 64; metoposcopy.
V. be in front, stand in front &c. adj.; front, face, confront; bend
forwards; come to the front, come to the fore.
Adj. fore, anterior, front, frontal.
Adv. before; in front, in the van, in advance; ahead, right ahead;
forehead, foremost; in the foreground, in the lee of; before one's face,
before one's eyes; face to face, vis-a-vis; front a front.
Phr. formosa muta commendatio est [Syrus]; frons est animi janua
[Cicero]; "Human face divine" [Milton]; imago animi vultus est indices
oculi [Cicero]; "sea of upturned faces" [Scott].
#235. Rear. -- N. rear, back, posteriority; rear rank, rear guard;
background, interland.
occiput, nape, chine; heels; tail, rump, croup, buttock, posteriors,
backside scut, breech, dorsum, loin; dorsal region, lumbar region; hind
quarters; aitchbone; natch, natch bone.
stern, poop, afterpart, heelpiece, crupper.
wake; train &c. (sequence) 281.
reverse; other side of the shield.
V. be behind &c. adv.; fall astern; bend backwards; bring up the rear.
Adj. back, rear; hind, hinder, hindmost, hindermost; postern,
posterior; dorsal, after; caudal, lumbar; mizzen, tergal.
Adv. behind; in the rear, in the background; behind one's back; at the
heels of, at the tail of, at the back of; back to back.
after, aft, abaft, astern, sternmost, aback, rearward.
Phr. ogni medaglia ha il suo rovescio.
#236. Laterality. -- N. laterality; side, flank, quarter, lee; hand;
cheek, jowl, jole, wing; profile; temple, parietes, loin, haunch, hip;
beam.
gable, gable end; broadside; lee side.
points of the compass; East, Orient, Levant; West; orientation.
V. be on one side &c. adv.; flant, outflank; sidle; skirt; orientate.
Adj. lateral, sidelong; collateral; parietal, flanking, skirting;
flanked; sideling.
many sided; multilateral, bilateral, trilateral, quadrilateral.
Eastern; orient, oriental; Levantine; Western, occidental, Hesperian.
Adv. sideways, sidelong; broadside on; on one side, abreast,
alongside, beside, aside; by the side of; side by side; cheek by jown &c.
(near) 197; to windward, to leeward; laterally &c. adj.; right and left; on
her beam ends.
Phr. "his cheek the may of days outworn" [Shakespeare].
#237. Contraposition. -- N. contraposition, opposition; polarity;
inversion &c. 218; opposite side; reverse, inverse; counterpart; antipodes;
opposite poles, North and South.
antonym, opposit (contrariety) 14.
V. be opposite &c. adj.; subtend.
Adj. opposite; reverse, inverse; converse, antipodal, subcontrary;
fronting, facing, diametrically opposite.
Northern, septentrional, Boreal, arctic; Southern, Austral, antarctic.
Adv. over, over the way, over against; against; face to face, vis-a-
vis; as poles asunder.
#246. Straightness. -- N. straightness, rectilinearity, directness;
inflexibility &c. (stiffness) 323; straight line, right line, direct line;
short cut.
V. be straight &c. adj.; have no turning; not incline to either side,
not bend to either side, not turn to either side, not deviate to either
side; go straight; steer for &c. (directions) 278.
render straight, straighten, rectify; set straight, put straight;
unbend, unfold, uncurl &c. 248, unravel &c. 219, unwrap.
Adj. straight; rectilinear, rectilineal; direct, even, right, true, in
a line; unbent, virgate &c. v.; undeviating, unturned, undistorted,
unswerving; straight as an arrow &c. (direct) 278; inflexible &c. 323.
#251. Flatness. -- N. flatness &c. adj.; smoothness &c. 255.
plane; level &c. 213; plate, platter, table, tablet, slab.
V. render flat, flatten; level &c. 213.
Adj. flat, plane, even, flush, scutiform, discoid; level &c.
(horizontal) 213; flat as a pancake, flat as a fluke, flat as a flounder,
flat as a board, flat as my hand.
#254. Bluntness. -- N. bluntness &c. adj.
V. be blunt, render blunt &c. adj.; obtund, dull; take off the point,
take off the edge; turn.
Adj. blunt, obtuse, dull, bluff; edentate, toothless.
#264 [Successive change of place.] Motion. -- N. motion, movement,
move; going &c. v.; unrest.
stream, flow, flux, run, course, stir; evolution; kinematicss;
telekinesis.
step, rate, pace, tread, stride, gait, port, footfall, cadence,
carriage, velocity, angular velocity; clip, progress, locomotion; journey
&c. 266; voyage &c. 267; transit &c. 270.
restlessness &c. (changeableness) 149; mobility; movableness, motive
power; laws of motion; mobilization.
V. be in motion &c. adj.; move, go, hie, gang, budge, stir, pass,
flit; hover about, hover round, hover about; shift, slide, glide; roll,
roll on; flow, stream, run, drift, sweep along; wander &c. (deviate) 279;
walk &c. 266; change one's place, shift one's place, change one's quarters,
shift one's quarters; dodge; keep going, keep moving;.
put in motion, set in motion; move; impel &c. 276; propel &c. 284;
render movable, mobilize.
Adj. moving &c. v.; in motion; transitional; motory, motive; shifting,
movable, mobile, mercurial, unquiet; restless &c. (changeable) 149; nomadic
&c. 266; erratic &c. 279.
Adv. under way; on the move, on the wing, on the tramp, on the march.
Phr. eppur si muove [Galileo]; es bildet ein Talent sich in der
Stille, sich ein Charakter in dem Strom derr Welt.
#265. Quiescence. -- N. rest; stillness &c. adj.; quiescence;
stagnation, stagnancy; fixity, immobility, catalepsy; indisturbance;
quietism.
quiet, tranquillity, calm; repose &c. 687; peace; dead calm,
anticyclone; statue-like repose; slience &c. 203; not a breath of air, not
a mouse stirring; sleep &c. (inactivity) 683.
pause, lull &c. (cessation) 142; stand still; standing still &c. v.;
lock; dead lock, dead stop, dead stand; full stop; fix; embargo.
resting place; gite; bivouac; home &c. (abode) 189; pillow &c.
(support) 215; haven &c. (refuge) 666' gpa; &c. (arrival) 292.
V. be quiescent &c. adj.; stand still, lie still; keep quiet, repose,
hold the hreath.
remain, stay; stand, lie to, ride at anchor, remain in situ, tarry,
mark time; bring to, heave to, lay to; pull up, draw up; hold, halt; stop,
stop short; rest, pause, anchor; cast to an anchor, come to an anchor; rest
on one's oars; repose on one's laurels, take breath; stop &c. (discontinue)
142.
stagnate; quieta non movere; let alone; abide, rest and be thankful;
keep within doors, stay at home, go to bed.
dwell &c. (be present) 186; settle &c. (be located) 184; alight &c.
(arrive) 292 stick, stick fast; stand like a post; not stir a peg, not stir
a step; be at a stand &c. n. quell, becalm, hush, stay, lull to sleep, lay
an embargo on.
Adj. quiescent, still; motionless, moveless; fixed; stationary;
immotile; at rest at a stand, at a standstill, at anchor; stock, still;
standing still &c. v.; sedentary, untraveled, stay-at-home; becalmed,
stagnant, quiet; unmoved, undisturbed, unruffled; calm, restful;
cataleptic; immovable &c. (stable) 150; sleeping &c. (inactive) 683; silent
&c. 403; still as a statue, still as a post, still as a mouse, still as
death.
Adv. at a stand &c. adj.; tout court; at the halt.
Int. stop! stay! avast! halt! hold hard! whoa! hold! sabr karo!.
Phr. requiescat in pace; Deus nobis haec otia fecit [Vergil]; "the
noonday quiet holds the hill" [Tennyson}.
<-- p. 79 -->
#266. [Locomotion by land.] Journey. -- N. travel; traveling &c. v.
wayfaring, campaigning.
journey, excursion, expedition, tour, trip, grand tour, circuit,
peregrination, discursion|, ramble, pilgrimage, hajj, trek, course,
ambulation, march, walk, promenade, constitutional, stroll, saunter, tramp,
jog trot, turn, stalk, perambulation; noctambulation, noctambulism;
somnambulism; outing, ride, drive, airing, jaunt.
equitation, horsemanship, riding, manege, ride and tie; basophobia.
roving, vagrancy, pererration|; marching and countermarching;
nomadism; vagabondism, vagabondage; hoboism [U.S.]; gadding; flit,
flitting, migration; emigration, immigration, demigration|, intermigration;
wanderlust.
plan, itinerary, guide; handbook, roadbook; Baedeker, Bradshaw,
Murray.
procession, cavalcade, caravan, file, cortege, column.
[Organs and instruments of locomotion] vehicle &c. 272; automobile,
'train, bus, airplane, plane, autobus, omnibus, subway, motorbike, dirt
bike, off-road vehicle, van, minivan, motor scooter',trolley, locomotive;
legs, feet, pegs, pins, trotters.
traveler &c. 268.
depot [U.S.], railway station, station.
V. travel, journey, course; take a journey, go a journey; take a walk,
go out for walk &c. n.; have a run; take the air.
flit, take wing; migrate, emigrate; trek; rove, prowl, roam, range,
patrol, pace up and down, traverse; scour the country, traverse the
country; peragrate|; circumambulate, perambulate; nomadize, wander, ramble,
stroll, saunter, hover, go one's rounds, straggle; gad, gad about;
expatiate.
walk, march, step, tread, pace, plod, wend, go by shank's mare;
promenade; trudge, tramp; stalk, stride, straddle, strut, foot it, stump,
bundle, bowl along, toddle; paddle; tread a path.
take horse, ride, drive, trot, amble, canter, prance, fisk, frisk,
caracoler, caracole; gallop &c. (move quickly) 274.
peg on, jog on, wag on, shuffle on; stir one's stumps; bend one's
steps, bend one's course; make one's way, find one's way, wend one's way,
pick one's way, pick one's way, thread one's way, plow one's way; slide,
glide, coast, skim, skate; march in procession, file on, defile.
go to, repair to, resort to, hie to, betake oneself to.
Adj. traveling &c. v.; ambulatory, intinerant, peripatetic, roving,
rambling, gadding, discursive, vagrant, migratory, monadic; circumforanean,
circumforaneous; noctivagrant, mundivagrant; locomotive.
wayfaring, wayworn; travel-stained.
Adv. on foot, on horseback, on Shanks's mare; by the Marrowbone stage:
in transitu &c. 270; en route &c. 282.
Int. come along!
#267. [Locomotion by water, or air.] Navigation. -- N. navigation;
aquatics; boating, yachting; ship &c. 273; oar, paddle, screw, sail,
canvas, aileron.
natation, swimming; fin, flipper, fish's tail.
aerostation, aerostatics, aeronautics; balloonery; balloon &c. 273;
ballooning, aviation, airmanship; flying, flight, volitation; wing, pinion.
voyage, sail, cruise, passage, circumnavigation, periplus; headway,
sternway, leeway; fairway.
mariner &c. 269.
V. sail; put to sea &c. (depart) 293; take ship, get under way; set
sail, spread sail, spread canvas; gather way, have way on; make sail, carry
sail; plow the waves, plow the deep, plow the main, plow the ocean; walk
the waters.
navigate, warp, luff, scud, boom, kedge; drift, course, cruise, coast;
hug the shore, hug the land; circumnavigate.
ply the oar, row, paddle, pull, scull, punt, steam.
swim, float; buffet the waves, ride the storm, skim, effleurer, dive,
wade.
fly, be wafted, hover, soar, flutter; take wing, take a flight; wing
one's flight, wing one's way; aviate.
Adj. sailing &c. v.; volant, aerostatic; seafaring, nautical,
maritiime, naval; seagoing, coasting; afloat; navigable; aerial,
aeronautic; grallatory.
Adv. under way, under sail, under canvas, under steam; on the wing.
Phr. bon voyage; "spread the thin oar and catch the driving gale"
[Pope].
#273. Ship. -- N. ship, vessel, sail; craft, bottom.
navy, marine, fleet, flotilla; shipping.
man of war &c. (combatant) 726; transport, tender, storeship; merchang
ship, merchangman; packet, liner; whaler, slaver, collier, coaster,
lighter; fishing boat, pilot boat; trawler, hulk; yacht; baggala; floating
hotel, floating palace; ocean greyhound.
ship, bark, barque, brig, snow, hermaphrodite brig; brigantine,
barkantine; schooner; topsail schooner, for and aft schooner, three masted
schooner; chasse-maree; sloop, cutter, corvette, clipper, foist, yawl,
dandy, ketch, smack, lugger, barge, hoy, cat, buss; sailer, sailing vessel;
windjammer; steamer, steamboat, steamship, liner, ocean liner, cruise ship;
mail steamer, riverboat, showboat, paddle steamer, paddle wheeler,
sidewheeler, screw steamer tug; line of steamer.
boat, pinnace, launch; life boat, long boat, jolly boat, bum boat, fly
boat, cock boat, ferry oat, canal boat; swamp boat, ark, bully [Nfld.],
bateau [Can.] battery, broadhorn, dory, droger, droughter; dugout, durham
boat, flatboat, galiot; shallop, gig, funny, skiff, dingy, scow,
cockleshell, wherry, coble, punt, cog, kedge, lerret; eight oar, four oar,
pair oar; randan; outrigger; float, raft, pontoon; prame; iceboat, ice
canoe, ice yacht.
catamaran, coracle, gondola, carvel, caravel; felucca, caique, canoe;
galley, galleyfoist; bilander, dogger, hooker, howker; argosy, carack;
galliass, galleon; polacca, polacre, tartane, junk, lorcha, praam, proa,
prahu, saick, sampan, xebec, dhow; dahabeah; nuggah; kayak, keel boat
[U.S.], log canoe, pirogue; quadrireme, trireme; stern-wheeler [U.S.];
wanigan, wangan [U.S.], warf boat.
balloon; airship, aeroplane; biplane, monoplane, triplane; hydroplane;
aerodrome; air balloon, pilot balloon, fire balloon; aerostat, Montgolfier;
kite, parachute.
Adv. afloat, aboard; on board, on ship board; hard a lee, hard a port,
hard a starboard, hard a weather.
<-- p. 82 -->
2. Degrees of Motion
#274. Velocity. -- N. velocity, speed, celerity; swiftness &c. adj.;
rapidity, eagle speed; expedition &c. (activity) 682; pernicity|;
acceleration; haste &c. 684.
spurt, rush, dash, race, steeple chase; smart rate, lively rate, swift
rate &c. adj.; rattling rate, spanking rate, strapping rate, smart pace,
lively pace, swift pace, rattling pace, spanking pace, straping pace; round
pace; flying, flight.
lightning, light, electricity, wind; cannon ball, rocket, arrow, dart,
hydrargyrum, quicksilver; telegraph, express train; torrent.
eagle, antelope, courser, race horse, gazelle, greyhound, hare, doe,
squirrel, camel bird, chickaree, chipmunk, hackee [U.S.], ostrich,
scorcher*.
Mercury, Ariel, Camilla, Harlequin.
[Measurement of velocity] log, log line.
V. move quickly, trip, fisk|; speed, hie, hasten, post, spank,
scuttle; scud, scuddle; scour, scour the plain; scamper; run like mad, beat
it; fly, race, run a race, cut away, shot, tear, whisk, sweep, skim, brush;
cut along, bowl along; scorch; rush &c. (be violent) 173; dash on, dash
off, dash forward; bolt; trot, gallop, amble, troll, bound, flit, spring,
dart, boom; march in quick time, march in double time; ride hard, get over
the ground.
hurry &c. (hasten) 684; accelerate, put on; quicken; quicken one's
pace, mend one's pace; clap spurs to one's horse; make haste, make rapid
strides, make forced marches, make the best of one's way; put one's best
leg foremost, stir one's stumps, wing one's way, set off at a score; carry
sail, crowd sail; go off like a shot, go like a shot, go ahead, gain
ground; outstrip the wind, fly on the wings of the wind.
keep up with, keep pace with; outstrip &c. 303; outmarch.
Adj. fast, speedy, swift, rapid, quick, fleet; aliped; nimble, agile,
expeditious; express; active &c. 682; flying, galloping &c. v.; light
footed, nimble footed; winged, eagle winged, mercurial, electric,
telegraphic; light-legged, light of heel; swift as an arrow &c. n.; quick
as lightning &c. n., quick as a thought.
Adv. swiftly &c. adj.; with speed &c. n.; apace; at a great rate, at
full speed, at railway speed; full drive, full gallop; posthaste, in full
sail, tantivy; trippingly; instantaneously &c. 113.
under press of sail, under press of canvas, under press of sail and
steam; velis et remis, on eagle's wing, in double quick time; with rapid
strides, with giant strides; a pas de geant; in seven league boots; whip
and spur; ventre a terre; as fast as one's legs will carry one, as fast as
one's heels will carry one; as fast as one can lay legs to the grount, at
the top of one;s speed; by leaps and bounds; with haste &c. 684.
Phr. vires acquirit eundo; "I'll put a girdle about the earth in forty
minutes" [M.N.D.]; "swifter than arrow from the Tartar's bow" [M.N.D.]; go
like a bat out of hell; tempus fugit.
#275. Slowness. -- N. slowness &c. adj.; languor &c. (inactivity) 683;
drawl; creeping &c. v., lentor.
retardation; slackening &c. v.; delay &c. (lateness) 133;
claudication|.
jog trot, dog trot; mincing steps; slow march, slow time.
slow goer, slow coach, slow back; lingerer, loiterer, sluggard,
tortoise, snail; poke* [U.S.]; dawdle &c. (inactive) 683.
V. move slowly &c. adv.; creep, crawl, lag, slug, drawl, linger,
loiter, saunter; plod, trudge, stump along, lumber; trail, drag; dawdle &c.
(be inactive) 683; grovel, worm one's way, steal along; job on, rub on,
bundle on; toddle, waddle, wabble, slug, traipse, slouch, shuffle, halt,
hobble, limp, caludicate|, shamble; flag, falter, trotter, stagger; mince,
step short; march in slow time, march in funeral procession; take one's
time; hang fire &c. (be late) 133.
retard, relax; slacken, check, moderate, rein in, curb; reef; strike
sail, shorten sail, take in sail; put on the drag, apply the brake; clip
the wings; reduce the speed; slacken speed, slacken one's pace; lose
ground.
Adj. slow, slack; tardy; dilatory &c. (inactive) 683; gentle, easy;
leisurely; deliberate, gradual; insensible, imperceptible; glacial,
languid, sluggish, slow paced, tardigrade, snail-like; creeping &c. v.;
reptatorial.
Adv. slowly &c. adj.; leisurely; piano, adagio; largo, larghetto; at
half speed, under easy sail; at a foots pace, at a snail's pace, at a
funeral pace; in slow time, with mincing steps, with clipped wings; haud
passibus aequis [Vergil].
gradually &c. adj.; gradatim; by degrees, by slow degrees, by inches,
by little and little; step by step, one step at a time; inch by inch, bit
by bit, little by little, seriatim; consecutively.
Phr. dum Roma deliberat Saguntum perit; at a glacial pace.
<-- p. 83 -->
3. Motion conjoined with Force
#276. Impulse. -- N. impulse, impulsion, impetus; momentum; push,
pulsion, thrust, shove, jog, jolt, brunt, booming, boost [U.S.], throw;
explosion &c. (violence) 173; propulsion &c. 284.
percussion, concussion, collision, occursion|, clash, encounter,
cannon, carambole, appulse, shock, crash, bump; impact; elan; charge &c.
(attack) 716; beating &c. (punishment) 972.
blow, dint, stroke, knock, tap, rap, slap, smack, pat, dab; fillip;
slam, bang; hit, whack, thwack; cuff &c. 972; squash, dowse, swap, whap,
punch, thump, pelt, kick, punce|, calcitration; ruade; arietation|; cut,
thrust, lunge, yerk|; carom, carrom, clip *, jab, plug y, sidewinder y
[U.S.], sidewipe y [U.S.].
hammer, sledge hammer, mall, maul, mallet, flail; ram, rammer;
battering ram, monkey, pile-driving engine, punch, bat; cant hook; cudgel
&c. (weapon) 727; ax &c. (sharp) 253.
[Science of mechanical forces] dynamics; seismometer, accelerometer,
earthquake detector.
V. give an impetus &c. n.; impel, push; start, give a start to, set
going; drive, urge, boom; thrust, prod, foin; cant; elbow, shoulder,
jostle, justle, hustle, hurtle, shove, jog, jolt, encounter; run against,
bump against, butt against; knock one's head against, run one's head
against; impinge; boost [U.S.]; bunt, carom, clip y; fan, fan out; jab,
plug *.
strike, knock, hit, tap, rap, slap, flap, dab, pat, thump, beat, blow,
bang, slam, dash; punch, thwack, whack; hit hard, strike hard; swap,
batter, dowse|, baste; pelt, patter, buffet, belabor; fetch one a blow;
poke at, pink, lunge, yerk; kick, calcitrate; butt, strike at &c. (attack)
716; whip *c. (punish) 972.
come into a collision, enter into collision; collide; foul; fall foul
of, run foul of; telescope.
throw &c. (propel) 284.
Adj. impelling &c. v.; impulsive, impellent; booming; dynamic,
dynamical; impelled &c. v.
Phr. "a hit, a very palpable hit" [Hamlet].
#277. Recoil. -- N. recoil; reaction, retroaction; revulsion; bounce,
rebound, ricochet; repercussion, recalcitration; kick, contrecoup;
springing back &c. v.; elasticity &c. 325; reflexion, reflex, reflux;
reverberation &c. (resonance) 408; rebuff, repulse; return.
ducks and drakes; boomerang; spring, reactionist.
V. recoil, react; spring back, fly back, bounce back, bound back;
rebound, reverberate, repercuss, recalcitrate; echo, ricochet.
Adj. recoiling &c. v.; refluent, repercussive, recalcitrant,
reactionary; retroactive.
Adv. on the rebound, on the recoil &c. n.
<-- p. 84 -->
4. Motion with reference to Direction
#278. Direction. -- N. direction, bearing, course, vector; set, drift,
tenor; tendency &c. 176; incidence; bending, trending &c. v.; dip, tack,
aim, collimation; steering steerage.
point of the compass, cardinal points; North East, South, West; N by
E, ENE, NE by N, NE, &c; rhumb, azimuth, line of collimation.
line, path, road, range, quarter, line of march; alignment,
allignment; air line, beeline; straight shoot.
V. tend towards, bend towards, point towards; conduct to, go to; point
to, point at; bend, trend, verge, incline, dip, determine.
steer for, steer towards, make for, make towards; aim at, level at;
take aim; keep a course, hold a course; be bound for; bend one's steps
towards; direct one's course, steer one's course, bend one's course, shape
one's course; align one's march, allign one's march; to straight, go
straight to the point; march on, march on a point.
ascertain one's direction &c. n.; s'o rienter, see which way the wind
blows; box the compass; take the air line.
Adj. directed &c. v. directed towards; pointing towards &c. v.; bound
for; aligned, with alligned with; direct, straight; undeviating,
unswerving; straightforward; North, Northern, Northerly, &c. n.
Adv. towards; on the road, on the high road to; en avant; versus, to;
hither, thither, whither; directly; straight as an arrow, forwards as an
arrow; point blank; in a bee line to, in a direct line to, as the crow
flies, in a straight line to, in a bee line for, in a direct line for, in a
straight line for, in a bee line with, in a direct line with, in a straight
line with; in a line with; full tilt at, as the crow flies.
before the wind, near the wind, close to the wind, against the wind;
windwards, in the wind's eye.
through, via, by way of; in all directions, in all manner of ways;
quaquaversum, from the four winds.
#279. Deviation. -- N. deviation; swerving &c. v.; obliquation|, warp,
refraction; flection, flexion; sweep; deflection, deflexure; declination.
diversion, digression, depart from, aberration; divergence &c. 291;
zigzag; detour &c. (circuit) 629; divagation.
[Desultory motion] wandering &c. v.; vagrancy, evagation; bypaths and
crooked ways; byroad.
[Motion sideways, oblique motion] sidling &c. v.; knight's move at
chess.
V. alter one's course, deviate, depart from, turn, trend; bend, curve
&c. 245; swerve, heel, bear off; gybe, wear.
intervert; deflect; divert, divert from its course; put on a new
scent, shift, shunt, draw aside, crook, warp.
stray, straggle; sidle; diverge &c. 291; tralineate|; digress, wander;
wind, twist, meander; veer, tack; divagate; sidetrack; turn aside, turn a
corner, turn away from; wheel, steer clear of; ramble, rove, drift; go
astray, go adrift; yaw, dodge; step aside, ease off, make way for, shy.
fly off at a tangent; glance off; wheel about, face about; turn to the
right about, face to the right about; waddle &c. (oscillate) 314; go out of
one's way &c. (perform a circuit) 629; lose one's way.
Adj. deviating &c. v.; aberrant, errant; excursive, discursive;
devious, desultory, loose; rambling; stray, erratic, vagrant, undirected,
curcuitous, indirect, zigzag; crab-like.
Adv. astray from, round about, wide of the mark; to the right about;
all manner of ways; circuitously &c. 629.
obliquely, sideling, like the move of the knight on a chessboard.
#280. [Going before.] Precession. -- N. precession, leading, heading;
precedence &c. 62; priority &c. 116; the lead, le pas; van &c. (front) 234;
precursor &c. 64.
V. go before, go ahead, go in the van, go in advance; precede,
forerun; usher in, introduce, herald, head, take the lead; lead the way,
lead the dance; get the start, have the start; steal a march; get before,
get ahead, get in front of; outstrip &c. 303; take precedence &c. (first in
order) 62.
Adj. leading, precedent &c. v.
Adv. in advance, before, ahead, in the van, in the lead; foremost,
headmost; in front.
Phr. seniores priores.
#281. [Going after.] Sequence. -- N. sequence; coming after &c.
(order) 63; (time) 117; following pursuit &c. 622.
follower, attendant, satellite, shadow, dangler, train.
V. follow; pursue &c. 622; go after, gly after.
attend, beset, dance attendance on, dog; tread in the steps of, tread
close upon; be in the wake of, be in the trail of, be in the rear of, go in
the wake of, go in the trail of, go in the rear of, follow in the wake of,
follow in the trail of, follow in the rear of; follow as a shadow, hang on
the skirts of; tread on the heels of, follow on the heels of; camp on the
trail.
Adj. following &c. v..
Adv. behind; in the rear &c. 235, in the train of, in the wake of;
after &c. (order) 63, (time) 117.
<-- p. 85 -->
#282. [Motion forward; progressive motion.] Progression. -- N.
progress, progression, progressiveness; advancing &c. v.; advance,
advancement; ongoing; flood, tide, headway; march &c. 266; rise;
improvement &c. 658.
V. advance; proceed, progress; get on, get along, get over the ground;
gain ground; forge ahead; jog on, rub on, wag on; go with the stream; keep
one;s course, hold on one's course; go on, move on, come one, get on, pass
on, push on, press on, go forward, move forward, come forward, get forward,
pass forward, push forward, press forward, go forwards, move forwards, come
forwards, get forwards, pass forwards, push forwards, press forwards, go
ahead, move ahead, come ahead, get ahead, pass ahead, push ahead, press
ahead; make one's way, work one's way, carve one's way, push one's way,
force one's way, edge one's way, elbow one's way; make progess, make head,
make way, make headway, make advances, make strides, make rapid strides &c.
(velocity) 274; go ahead, shoot ahead; distance; make up leeway.
Adj. advancing &c. v.; progressive, profluent; advanced.
Adv. forward, onward; forth, on, ahead, under way, en route for, on
one's way, on the way, on the road, on the high road, on the road to; in
progress; in mid progress; in transitu &c. 270.
Phr. vestigia nulla retrorsum; "westward the course of empire takes
its way" [Berkeley].
#283. [Motion backwards.] Regression. -- N. regress, regression;
retrocession, retrogression, retrograduation, retroaction; reculade;
retreat, withdrawal, retirement, remigration; recession &c. (motion from)
287; recess; crab-like motion.
refluence, reflux; backwater, regurgitation, ebb, return; resilience
reflexion (recoil) 277; volte-face.
counter motion, counter movement, counter march; veering,
tergiversation, recidivation|, backsliding, fall; deterioration &c. 659;
recidivism, recidivity.
turning point &c.(reversion) 145.
V. recede, regrade, return, revert, retreat, retire; retrograde,
retrocede; back out; back down; balk; crawfish* [U.S.], crawl*; withdraw;
rebound &c. 277; go back, come back, turn back, hark back, draw back, fall
back, get back, put back, run back; lose ground; fall astern, drop astern;
backwater, put about; take the back track; veer round; double, wheel,
countermarch; ebb, regurgitate; jib, shrink, shy.
turn tail, turn round, turn upon one's heel, turn one's back upon;
retrace one's steps, dance the back step; sound a retreat, beat a retreat;
go home.
Adj. receding &c. v.; retrograde, retrogressive; regressive, refluent,
reflex, recidivous, resilient; crab-like; balky; reactionary &c. 277.
Adv. back, backwards; reflexively, to the right about; a reculons, a
rebours.
Phr. revenouns a nos moutons, as you were.
#284. [Motion given to an object situated in front.] Propulsion. -- N.
propulsion, projection; propelment; vis a tergo; push, shove &c. (impulse)
276; ejaculate; ejection &c. 297; throw, fling, toss, shot, discharge, shy.
[Science of propulsion] projectiles, ballistics, archery.
[devices to give propulsion] propeller, screw, twin screws, turbine.
[objects propelled] missile, projectile, ball, discus, quoit,
brickbat, shot;
[weapons which propel] arrow, gun, ballista &c. (arms) 727.
shooter; shot; archer, toxophilite; bowman, rifleman, marksman; good
shot, crack shot; sharpshooter &c. (combatant) 726.
V. propel, project, throw, fling, cast, pitch, chuck, toss, jerk,
heave, shy, hurl; flirt, fillip.
dart, lance, tilt; ejaculate, jaculate; fulminate, bolt, drive, sling,
pitchfork.
send; send off, let off, fire off; discharge, shoot; launch, send
forth, let fly; dash.
put in motion, set in motion; set agoing, start; give a start, give an
impulse to; impel &c. 276; trundle &c. (set in rotation) 312; expel &c.
297.
carry one off one's legs; put to flight.
Adj. propelled &c. v.; propelling &c. v..; propulsive, projectile.
#285. [Motion given to an object situated behind.] Traction. -- N.
traction; drawing &c. v.; draught, pull, haul; rake; "a long pull a strong
pull and a pull all together"; towage, haulage.
V. draw, pull, haul, lug, rake, drag, tug, tow, trail, train; take in
tow.
wrench, jerk, twitch, touse|; yank [U.S.].
Adj. drawing &c. v.; tractile, tractive.
<-- p. 86 -->
#286. [Motion towards.] Approach. -- N. approach, approximation,
appropinquation; access; appulse; afflux, affluxion; advent &c. (approach
of time) 121; pursuit &c. 622.
V. approach, approximate, appropinquate; near; get near, go near, draw
near; come to close quarters, come near; move towards, set in towards;
drift; make up to; gain upon; pursue &c. 622; tread on the heels of; bear
up; make the land; hug the shore, hug the land.
Adj. approaching &c. v.; approximative; affluent; impending, imminent
&c. (destined 152.
Adv. on the road.
Int. come hither! approach! here! come! come near! forward!
#287. [Motion from.] Recession. -- N. recession, retirement,
withdrawal; retreat; retrocession &c. 283; departure, &c. 293; recoil &c.
277; flight &c. (avoidance) 623.
V. recede, go, move back, move from, retire; withdraw, shirink; come
away, move away, go away, get away, drift away; depart &c. 293; retreat &c.
283; move off, stand off, sheer off; fall back, stand aside; run away &c.
(avoid) 623.
remove, shunt.
Adj. receding &c. v.
#288. [Motion towards, actively] Attraction. -- N. attraction,
attractiveness; attractivity; drawing to, pulling towards, adduction,
magnetism, gravity, attraction of gravitation.
loadstone, loadstar; magnet, siderite.
V. attract; draw towards, pull towards, drag towars; adduce.
Adj. attracting &c. v.; attrahent, attractive, adducent, adductive.
Phr. ubi mel ibi apes [Plautus].
#289. [Motion from, actively; force driving apart.] Repulsion. -- N.
repulsion; driving from &c. v.; repulse, abduction.
V. repel, push from, drive from &c. 276; chase, dispel; retrude;
abduce, abduct; send away; repulse.
keep at arm's length, turn one's back upon, give the cold shoulder;
send off, send away with a flea in one's ear.
Adj. repelling &c. v.; repellent, repulsive; abducent, abductive.
#290. [Motion nearer to.] Convergence. -- N. convergence, confluence,
concourse, conflux, congress, concurrence, concentration; convergency;
appulse, meeting; corradiation.
assemblage &c. 72; resort &c. (focus) 74; asymptote.
V. converge, concur, come together, unite, meet, fall in with; close
with, close in upon; center round, center in; enter in; pour in.
gather together, unite, concentrate, bring into a focus.
Adj. converging &c. v.; conbergent, confluent, concurrent;
centripetal; asymptoptical, asymptoptic; confluxible.
#291. [Motion further off.] Divergence. -- N. divergence, divergency;
divarication, ramification, forking; radiation; separation &c.
(disjunction) 44; dispersion &c. 73; deviation &c. 279; aberration.
V. diverge, divaricate, radiate; ramify; branch off, glance off, file
off; fly off, fly off at a tangent; spread, scatter, disperse &c. 73;
deviate &c. 279; part &c. (separate) 44.
Adj. diverging &c. v.; divergent, radiant, centrifugal; aberrant.
#292. [Terminal motion at.] Arrival. -- N. arrival, advent; landing;
debarkation, disembarkation; reception, welcome, vin d'honneur.
home, goal; landing place, landing stage; bunder; resting place;
destination, harbor, haven, port; terminus, halting place, halting ground;
journey's end; anchorage &c. (refuge) 666.
return, recursion|, remigration; meeting; rencounter, encounter.
completion &c. 729.
V. arrive; get to, come to; come; reach, attain; come up with, come up
to; overtake, make, fetch; complete &c. 729; join, rejoin.
light, alight, dismount; land, go ashore; debark, disembark; put in,
put into; visit, cast anchor, pitch one's tent; sit down &c. (be located)
184; get to one's journey's end; make the land; be in at the death; come
back, get back, come home, get home; return; come in &c. (ingress) 294;
make one's appearance &c. (appear) 446; drop in; detrain; outspan.
come to hand; come at, come across; hit; come upon, light upon, pop
upon, bounce upon, plump upon, burst upon, pitch upon; meet; encounter,
rencounter; come in contact.
Adj. arriving &c. v.; homeward bound.
Adv. here, hither.
Int. welcome! hail! all Hail! good-day, good morrow!
<-- p. 87 -->
#293. [Initial motion from.] Departure. -- N. departure, decession,
decampment; embarkation; outset, start; removal; exit &c. (egress) 295;
exodus, hejira, flight.
leave taking, valediction, adieu, farewell, goodbye, auf wiedersehen,
sayonara, dosvidanya, ciao, aloha, hasta la vista; stirrup cup;
valedictorian.
starting point, starting post; point of departure, point of
embarkation, place of departure, place of embarkation; port of embarkation.
V. depart; go away; take one's departure, set out; set off, march off,
put off, strt off, be off, move off, get off, whip off, pack off, go off,
take oneself off; start, issue, march out, debouch; go forth, sally forth;
sally, set forward; be gone; hail from.
leave a place, quit, vacate, evacuate, abandon; go off the stage, make
one's exit; retire, withdraw, remove; vamoose*, vamose* [U.S.]; go one's
way, go along, go from home; take flight, take wing; spring, fly, flit,
wing one's flight; fly away, whip away; embark; go on board, go aboard; set
sail' put to sea, go to sea; sail, take ship; hoist blue Peter; get under
way, weigh anchor; strike tents, decamp; walk one's chalks, cut one's
stick; take leave; say good bye, bid goodbye &c. n.; disappear &c. 449;
abscond &c. (avoid) 623; entrain; inspan.
Adj. departing &c. v.; valedictory; outward bound.
Adv. whence, hence, thence; with a foot in the stirrup; on the wing,
on the move.
Int. begone! &c. (ejection) 297; farewell! adieu! goodbye! good day!
au revoir! fare you well! God bless you! God speed! all aboard! auf
wiedersehen! au plaisir de vous revoir! bon voyage! gluckliche Reise! vive
valeque!
#294 [Motion into.] Ingress. -- N. ingress; entrance, entry;
introgression; influx, intrusion, inroad, incursion, invasion, irruption;
ingression; penetration, interpenetration; illapse, import, infiltration;
immigration; admission &c. (reception) 296; insinuation &c. (interjacence)
228; insertion &c. 300.
inlet; way in; mouth, door, &c. (opening) 260; barway; path &c. (way)
627; conduit &c. 350; immigrant.
V. have the entree; enter; go into, go in, come into, come in, pour
into, pour in, flow into, flow in, creep into, creep in, slip into, slip
in, pop into, pop in, break into, break in, burst into, burst in; set foot
on; ingress; burst in upon, break in upon; invade, intrude; insinuate
itself; interpenetrate, penetrate; infiltrate; find one's way into, wriggle
into, worm oneself into.
give entrance to &c. (receive) 296; insert &c. 300.
Adj. incoming.
#295. [Motion out of.] Egress. -- N. egress, exit, issue; emersion,
emergence; outbreak, outburst; eruption, proruption; emaniation; egression;
evacuation; exudation, transudation; extravasation, perspiration, sweating,
leakage, percolation, distillation, oozing; gush &c. (water in motion) 348;
outpour, outpouring; effluence, effusion; effluxion, drain; dribbling &c.
v.; defluxion; drainage; outcome, output; discharge &c. (excretion) 299.
export, expatriation; emigration, remigration; debouch, debouche;
emunctory; exodus &c. (departure) 293; emigrant.
outlet, vent, spout, tap, sluice, floodgate; pore; vomitory, outgate,
sallyport; way out; mouth, door &c. (opening) 260; path &c. (way) 627;
conduit &c. 350; airpipe &c. 351.
V. amerge, emanate, issue; egress; go out of, come out of, move out
of, pass out of, pour out of, flow out of; pass out of, evacuate.
exude, transude; leak, run through, out through; percolate,
transcolate|; egurgitate; strain, distill; perspire, sweat, drain, ooze;
filter, filtrate; dribble, gush, spout, flow out; well, well out; pour,
trickle, &c. (water in motion) 348; effuse, extravasate, disembogue,
discharge itself, debouch; come forth, break forth; burst out, burst
through; find vent; escape &c. 671.
Adj. effused &c. v.; outgoing.
<-- p. 88 -->
#296. [Motion into, actively.] Reception. -- N. reception; admission,
admittance, entree, importation; introduction, intromission; immission,
ingestion, imbibation, introception, absorption, ingurgitation, inhalation;
suction, sucking; eating, drinking &c. (food) 298; insertion &c. 300;
interjection &c. 228; introit.
V. give entrance to, give admittance to, give the entree; introduce,
intromit; usher, admit, receive, import, bring in, open the door to, throw
in, ingest, absorb, imbibe, inhale; let in, take in, suck in; readmit,
resorb, reabsorb; snuff up, swallow, ingurgitate; engulf, engorge; gulp;
eat, drink &c. (food) 298.
Adj. admitting &c. v., admitted &c. v.; admissable; absorbent.
#297. [Motion out of, actively] Ejection. -- N. ejection, emission,
effusion, rejection, expulsion, eviction, extrusion, trajection; discharge;
emesis.
egestion, evacuation, vomition; ructation, eructation; bloodletting,
venesection, phlebotomy, paracentesis; expuitition, exspuitition; tapping,
drainage; clearance, clearage.
deportation; banishment &c. (punishment ) 972; rouge's march;
relegation, extradition; dislodgment.
bouncer* [U.S.], chucker-out*.
V. give exit, give vent to; let out, give out, pour out, send out;
dispatch, despatch; exhale, excern|, excrete; embogue; secrete, secern;
extravastate, shed, void, evacuation; emit; open the sluices, open the
floodgates; turn on the tap; extrude, detrude; effuse, spend, expend; pour
forth; squirt, spirt, spurt, spill, slop; perspire &c. (exude) 295;
breathe, blow &c. (wind) 349.
tap, draw off; bale out, lade out; let blood, broach.
eject, reject; expel, discard; cut, send to coventry, boycott;
chasser; banish &c. (punish) 972; bounce * [U.S.]; fire *, fire out *;
throw &c. 284 throw out, throw up, throw off, throw away, throw aside; push
&c. 276 throw out, throw off, throw away, throw aside; shovel out, shovel
away, sweep out, sweep away; brush off, brush away, wisk off, wisk away,
turn off, turn away, send off, send away; discharge; send adrift, turn
adrift, cast adrift; turn out, bundle out; throw overboard; give the sack
to; send packing, send about one's business, send to the reigh about;
strike off the roll &c. (abrogate) 756; turn out neck and heels, turn out
head and shoulders, turn out neck and crop; pack off; send away with a flea
in the ear; send to Jericho; bow out, show the door to.
turn out of doors, turn out of house and home; evict, oust; unhouse,
unkennel; dislodge; unpeople, dispeople; depopulate; relegate, deport.
empty; drain to the dregs; sweep off; clear off, clear out, clear
away; suck, draw off; clean out, make a clean sweek of, clear decks, purge.
embowel, disbowel, disembowwl; eviscerate, gut; unearth, root out,
root up; averuncate|; weed out, get out; eliminate, get rid of, do away
with, shake off; exenterate.
vomit, spew, puke, keck, retch; belch out; cast up, bring up;
disgorge; expectorate, clear the throat, hawk, spit, sputter, splutter,
slobber, drivel, slaver, slabber; eructate; drool.
unpack, unlade, unload, unship; break bulk; dump.
be let out; ooze &c. (emerge) 295.
Adj. emitting, emitted, &c. v.
Int. begone! get you gone! get away, go away, get along, go along, get
along with you, go along with you! go your way! away with! off with you!
go about your business! be off! avunt! aroynt! allez-vous-en! jao! va-t'en!
<-- p. 89 -->
#298. [Eating.] Food. -- N. eating &c. v.; deglutition, gulp,
epulation, mastication, manducation, rumination; hippophagy, ichthyophagy;
gluttony &c. 957.
mouth, jaws, mandible, mazard, chops.
drinking &c. v.; potation, draught, libation; carousal &c. (amusement)
840; drunkenness &c. 959.
food, pabulum; aliment, nourishment, nutriment; sustenance,
sustentation; nuture, subsistence, provender, corn, feed, fodder,
provision, ration, keep, commons, board; commissriat &c. (provision) 637;
prey, forage, pasture, pasturage; fare, cheer; diet, dietary; regimen;
belly timber, staff of life; bread, bread and cheese.
comestibles, eatables, victuals, edibles, ingesta; grub, grubstake,
prog, meat; bread, bread stuffs; cerealia; cereals; viands, cates,
delicacy, dainty, creature comforts, contents of the larder, fleshspots;
festal board; ambrosia; good cheer, good living.
beef, bisquit, bun; constrach [U.S.]; cookie, cooky [U.S.]; cracker,
doughnut; fatling; hardtack, hoecake [U.S.], hominy [U.S.]; mutton, pilot
bread; pork; roti, rusk, ship biscuit; veal; joint, peice de resistance,
roast and boiled; remove, entree, entremet, hors d'oeuvre; releve, hash,
rechauffe, stew, ragout, fricassee, mince; pottage, potage, broth, soup,
consomme, puree, spoonmeat; pie, pasty, volauvent; pudding, omelet; pastry;
sweets &c. 296; kickshaws; condiment &c. 393.
alligator pear, apple &c., apple slump; artichoke; ashcake,
griddlecake, pancake, flapjack; atole, avocado, banana, beche de mer,
barbecue, beefsteak; beet root; blackberry, blancmange, bloater, bouilli,
bouillon, breadfruit, chop suey [U.S.]; chowder, chupatty, clam, compote,
damper, fish, , frumenty, grapes, hasty pudding, ice cream, lettuce, mango,
mangosteen, mince pie, oatmeal, oyster, pineapple, porridge, porterhouse
steak, salmis, sauerkraut, sea slug, sturgeon ("Albany beef"), succotash
[U.S.], supawn [U.S.], trepang, vanilla, waffle, walnut.
table, cuisine, bill of fare, menu, table d'hote, ordinary, entree.
meal, repast, feed, spread; mess; dish, plate, course; regale;
regalement, refreshment, entertainment; refection, collation, picnic,
feast, banquet, junket; breakfast; lunch, luncheon; dejeuner, bever,
tiffin, dinner, supper, snack, whet, bait, dessert; potluck, table d'hote,
dejeuner a la fourchette; hearty meal, square meal, substantial meal, full
meal; blowout*; light refreshment; bara, chotahazri; bara khana.
mouthful, bolus, gobbet, morsel, sop, sippet.
drink, beverage, liquor, broth, soup; potion, dram, draught, drench,
swill*; nip, sip, sup, gulp.
wine, spirits, liqueur, beer, ale, malt liquor, Sir John Barlycorn,
stingo, heavy wet; grog, toddy, flip, purl, punch, negus, cup, bishop,
wassail; gin &c. (intoxicating liquor) 959; coffee, chocolate, cocoa, tea,
the cup that cheers but not inebriates; bock beer, lager beer, Pilsener
beer, schenck beer; Brazil tea, cider, claret, ice water, mate' mint julep
[U.S.].
eating house &c. 189.
V. eat, feed, fare, devour, swallow, take; gulp, bolt, snap; fall to;
despatch, dispatch; discuss; take down, get down, gulp down; lay in, tuck
in*; lick, pick, peck; gormandize &c. 957; bite, champ, munch, cranch,
craunch, crunch, chew, masticate, nibble, gnaw, mumble.
live on; feed upon, batten upon, fatten upon, feast upon; browse,
graze, crop, regale; carouse &c. (make merry) 840; eat heartily, do
justice to, play a good knife and fork, banquet.
break bread, break one's fast; breakfast ,lunch, dine, take tea, sup.
drink in, drink up, drink one's fill; quaff, sip, sup; suck, suck up;
lap; swig; swill*, tipple &c. (be drunken) 959; empty one's glass, drain
the cup; toss off, toss one's glass; wash down, crack a bottle, wet one's
whistle.
purvey &c. 637.
Adj. eatable, edible, esculent, comestible, alimentary; cereal,
cibarious; dietetic; culinary; nutritive, nutritious; gastric; succulent;
potable, potulent|; bibulous.
omnivorous, carnivorous, herbivorous, granivorous, graminivorous,
phytivorous; ichthyivorous; omophagic, omophagous; pantophagous,
phytophagous, xylophagous
Phr. "across the walnuts and the wine" [Tennyson]; "blessed hour of
our dinners!" [O. Meredith]; "now good digestion wait on appetite, and
health on both!" [Macbeth]; "who can cloy the hungry edge of appetite?"
[Richard II]
#300. [Forcible ingress.] Insertion. -- N. insertion, implantation,
introduction; insinuation &c. (intervention) 228; planting, &c. v.;
injection, inoculation, importation, infusion; forcible ingress &c. 294;
immersion; submersion, submergence, dip, plunge; bath &c. (water), 337;
interment &c. 363.
clyster, enema, glyster, lavage, lavement.
V. insert; introduce, intromit; put into, run into; import; inject;
interject &c. 298; infuse, instill, inoculate, impregnate, imbue, imbrue.
graft, ingraft, bud, plant, implant; dovetail.
obtrude; thrust in, stick in, ram in, stuff in, tuck in, press, in,
drive in, popin , whip in, drop in, put in; impact; empierce| &c. (make a
hole) 260.
imbed; immerse, immerge, merge; bathe, soak &c. (water) 337; dip,
plunge &c. 310.
bury &c. (inter) 363.
insert &c itself; plunge in medias res.
Adj. inserted &c. v.
#301. [Forcible egress.] Extraction. -- N. extraction; extracting &c.
v.; removal, elimination, extrication, eradication, evolution.
evulsion, avulsion; wrench; expression, squeezing; extirpation,
extermination; ejection &c. 297; export &c. (egress) 295.
extractor, corkscrew, forceps, pliers.
V. extract, draw; take out, draw out, pull out, tear out, pluck out,
pick out, get out; wring from, wrench; extort; root up, weed up, grub up,
rake up, root out, weed out, grub out, rake out; eradicate; pull up by the
roots, pluck up by the roots; averruncate|; unroot; uproot, pull up,
extirpate, dredge.
remove; educe, elicit; evolve, extricate; eliminate &c. (eject) 297;
eviscerate &c. 297.
express, squeeze out, press out.
Adj. extracted &c. v.
#302. [Motion through.] Passage. -- N. passage, transmission;
permeation; penetration, interpenetration; transudation, infiltration;
endosmose exosmose; endosmosis; intercurrence; ingress &c. 294; egress &c.
295; path &c. 627; conduit &c. 350; opening &c. 260; journey &c. 266;
voyage &c. 267.
V. pass, pass through; perforate &c. (hole) 260; penetrate, permeate,
thread, thrid, enfilade; go through, go across; go over, pass over; cut
across; ford, cross; pass and repass, work; make one's way, thread one's
way, worm one's way, force one's way; make a passage form a passage; cut
one's way through; find its way, find its vent; transmit, make way, clear
the course; traverse, go over the ground.
Adj. passing &c. v.; intercurrent; endosmosmic, endosmotic.
Adv. en passant &c. (transit) 270.
<-- p. 91 -->
#303 [Motion beyond] Transcursion -- N. transcursion|, transiliency,
transgression; tresspass; encroachment, infringement; extravagation|,
transcendence; redundance &c. 641.
V. transgress, surpass, pass; go beyond, go by; show in front, come to
the front; shoot ahead of; steal a march upon, steal a gain upon.
overstep, overpass, overreach, overgo, override, overleap, overjump,
overskip, overlap, overshoot the mark; outstrip, outleap, outjump, outgo,
outstep, outrun, outride, outrival, outdo; beat, beat hollow; distance;
leave in the lurch, leave in the rear; throw into the shade; exceed,
transcend, surmount; soar &c. (rise) 305.
encroach, trespass, infringe, trench upon, intrench on; strain;
stretch a point, strain a point; cross the Rubicon.
Adj. surpassing &c. v.
Adv. beyond the mark, ahead.
#304 [motion short of] Shortcoming -- N. shortcoming, failure;
falling short &c v.; default, defalcation; leeway; labor in vain, no go.
imcompleteness &c. 53; imperfection &c. 651; insufficiency &c. 640;
noncompletion &c. 730; failure &c. 732.
V. 303, come short of, fall short of, stop short of, come short , fall
short , stop short ; not reach; want; keep within bounds, keep within the
mark, keep withim the compass.
break down, stick in the mud, collapse, flat out [U.S.], come to
nothing; fall through, fall to the ground; cave in, end in smoke, miss the
mark, fail; lose ground; miss stays.
Adj. unreached; deficient; short, short of; minus; out of depth;
perfunctory &c. (neglect) 460.
Adv. within the mark, within the compass, within the bounds;
behindhand; re infecta; to no purpose; for from it.
Phr. the bubble burst.
#305. [Motion upwards] Ascent. -- N. ascent, ascension; rising &c.
309; acclivity, hill &c. 217; flight of steps, flight of stairs; ladder
rocket, lark; sky rocket, sky lark; Alpine Club.
V. ascend, rise, mount, arise, uprise; go up, get up, work one's way
up, start up; shoot up, go into orbit; aspire.
climb, clamber, ramp, scramble, escalade, surmount; scale, scale the
heights.
go aloft, fly aloft; tower, soar, take off, spring up; hover, spire,
plane, swim, float, surge; leap &c. 309.
Adj. rising &c. v. scandent|, buoyant; supernatant, superfluitant|;
excelsior.
Adv. uphill.
#306. [Motion downwards] Descent. -- N. descent, descension,
declension, declination; fall; falling &c. v.: slump; drop, plunge,
plummet, cadence; subsidence, collapse, lapse; downfall, tumble, slip,
tilt, trip, lurch; cropper, culbute; titubation, stumble; fate of Icarus.
avalanche, debacle, landslip, landslide.
declivity, dip, hill.
V. descend; go down, drop down, come down; fall, gravitate, drop,
slip, slide, settle; plunge, plummet, crash; decline, set, sink, droop,
come down a peg; slump.
dismount, alight, light, get down; swoop; stoop &c. 308; fall
prostrate, precipitate oneself; let fall &c. 308.
tumble, trip, stumble, titubate, lurch, pitch, swag, topple, topple
over, tumble over, topple down, tumble down; tilt, sprawl, plump down, come
down a cropper.
Adj. descending &c. v.; descendent; decurrent, decursive; labent,
deciduous; nodding to its fall.
Adv. downhill, downwards.
Phr. the bottom fell out.
#307. Elevation. -- N. elevation; raising &c. v.; erection, lift;
sublevation, upheaval; sublimation, exaltation; prominence &c. (convexity)
250.
lever &c. 633; crane, derrick, windlass, capstan, winch; dredge,
dredger, dredging maching; dumbwaiter, elevator, escalator, lift.
V. heighten, elevate, raise, lift, erect; set up, stick up, perch up,
perk up, tilt up; rear, hoist, heave; uplift, upraise, uprear, upbear,
upcast, uphoist, upheave; buoy, weigh mount, give a lift; exalt; sublimate;
place on a pedestal, set on a pedestal.
take up, drag up, fish up; dredge.
stand up, rise up, get up, jump up; spring to one's feet; hold
oneself, hold one's head up; drawn oneself up to his full height.
Adj. elevated &c. v.; stilted, attollent, rampant.
Adv. on stilts, on the shoulders of, on one's legs, on one's hind
legs.
<-- p. 92 -->
#308. Depression. -- N. lowering &c. v.; depression; dip &c.
(concavity) 252; abasement; detrusion; reduction.
overthrow, overset, overturn; upset; prostration, subversion,
precipitation.
bow; courtesy, curtsy; genuflexion, genuflection, kowtow, obeisance,
salaam.
V. depress, lower, let down, take down, let down a peg, take down a
peg; cast; let drop, let fall; sink, debase, bring low, abase, reduce,
detrude, pitch, precipitate.
overthrow, overturn, overset; upset, subvert, prostate, level, fell;
cast down, take down, throw down, fling down, dash down, pull down, cut
down, knock down, hew down; rase to the ground; trample in the dust, pull
about one's ears.
sit, sit down; couch, squat, crouch, stoop, bend, bow; courtesy,
curtsy; bob, duck, dip, kneel; bend the knee, bow the knee, bend the head,
bow the head; cower; recline &c. (be horizontal) 213.
Adj. depressed &c. v.; at a low ebb; prostrate &c. (horizontal) 213;
detrusive.
Phr. facinus quos inquinat aequat [Lucan].
#309. Leap. -- N. leap, jump, hop, spring, bound, vault, saltation.
ance, caper; curvet, caracole; gambade|, gambado|; capriole, demivolt;
buck, buck jump; hop skip and jump; falcade.
kangaroo, jerboa; chamois, goat, frog, grasshopper, flea; buckjumper;
wallaby.
V. leap; jump up, jump over the moon; hop, spring, bound, vault, ramp,
cut capers, trip, skip, dance, caper; buck, buck jump; curvet, caracole;
foot it, bob, bounce, flounce, start; frisk &c. (amusement) 840; jump about
&c. (agitation) 315; trip it on the light fantastic toe, trip the light
fantastic, dance oneself off one's legs, dance off one's shoes.
Adj. leaping &c. v.; saltatory, frisky.
Adv. on the light fantastic toe.
Phr. di salto in salto.
#310 Plunge -- N. plunge, dip, dive, header; ducking &c. v.; diver.
V. plunge, dip, souse, duck; dive, plump; take a plunge, take a
header; make a plunge; bathe &c.(water) 337.
submerge, submerse; immerse; douse, sink, engulf, send to the bottom.
get out of one's depth; go to the bottom, go down like a stone, drop
like a lead balloon; founder, welter, wallow.
#311. [Curvilinear motion.] Circuition. -- N. circuition, curculation;
turn, curvet; excursiion, circumvention, circumnavigation,
circumambulation; northwest passage; circuit &c. 629.
turning &c. v.; wrench; evolution; coil, corkscreq.
V. turn, bend, wheel; go about, put about; heel; go round to the right
about, turn round to the right about; turn on one's heel; make a circle,
make a complete circle, describe a circle, describe a complete circle; go
through 180x, go through 360x, pass through 180x, pass through 360x.
circumnavigate, circumambulate, circumvent; "put a girdle round about
the earth" [M.N.D.]; go the round, make the round of.
wind, circulate, meander; whisk, twirl; twist &c. (convolution) 248;
make a detour &c. (circuit) 629.
Adj. turning &c. v.; circuitous; circumforaneous, circumfluent.
Adv. round about.
#312. [Motion in a continued circle.] Rotation. -- N. rotation,
revolution, gyration, circulation, roll; circumrotation, circumvolution,
circumgyration; volutation, circination|, turbination, pirouette,
convolution.
verticity|, whir, whirl, eddy, vortex, whirlpool, gurge;
countercurrent; cyclone, tornado; surge; vertigo, dizzy round; Maelstrom,
Charybdis; Ixion.
wheel, screw, whirligig, rollingstone, windmill; top, teetotum;
roller; flywheel; jack; caster.
axis, axle, spindle, pivot, pin, hinge, pole, swivel, gimbals, arbor,
bobbin, mandrel.
[Science of rotary motion] trochilics.
V. rotate; roll along; revolve, spin; turn round; circumvolve;
circulate, gyre, gyrate, wheel, whirl, twirl, trundle, troll, bowl.
roll up, furl; wallow, welter; box the compass; spin like a top, spin
like a teetotum.
Adj. rotating &c.v.; rotary, rotary; circumrotatory, trochilic,
vertiginous, gyratory; vortical, vorticose.
Adv. head over heels, round and round, like a horse in a mill.
#313. [Motion in the reverse circle.] Evolution. -- N. evolution,
unfolding, development; evolvement; unfoldment; eversion &c. (inversion)
218.
V. evove; unfold, unroll, unwind, uncoil, untwist, unfurl, untwine,
unravel; disentagle; develop.
Adj. evolving &c. v.; evolved &c. v.
<-- p. 93 -->
#314. [Reciprocating motion, motion to and fro.] Oscillation. -- N.
oscillation; vibration, libration; motion of a pendulum; nutation;
undulation; pulsation; pulse.
alternation; coming and going &c. v.; ebb and flow, flux and reflux,
ups and down.
fluctuation; vacillation &c. (irresolution) 605.
wave, vibratiuncle, swing, beat, shake, wag, seesaw, dance, lurch,
dodge; logan, loggan, rocking-stone, vibroscope.
V. oscillate; vibrate, librate; alternate, undulate, wave; rock,
swing; pulsate, beat; wag, waggle; nod, bob, courtesy, curtsy; tick; play;
wamble, wabble; dangle, swag.
fluctuate, dance, curvet, reel, quake; quiver, quaver; shake, flicker;
wriggle; roll, toss, pitch; flounder, stagger, totter; move up and down,
bob up and down &c. Adv.; pass and repass, ebb and flow, come and go;
vacillate &c. 605; teeter [U.S.].
brandish, shake, flourish.
Adj. oscillating &c. v.; oscillatory, undulatory, pulsatory,
libratory, rectilinear; vibratory, vibratile; pendulous.
Adv. to and fro, up and down, backwards and forwards, hither and yon,
seesaw, zigzag, wibble-wabble, in and out, from side to side, like buckets
in a well.
#315. [Irregular motion] Agitation. -- N. agitation, stir, tremor,
shake, ripple, jog, jolt, jar, jerk, shock, succussion, trepidation,
quiver, quaver, dance; jactitation|, quassation|; shuffling 7c. v.;
twitter, flicker, flutter.
disquiet, pertubation, commotion, turmoil, turbulence; tumult,
tumultuation|; hubbub, rout, bustle, fuss, racket, subsultus, staggers,
megrims, epilepsy, fits; carphology, chorea, floccillation, the jercks, St.
Vitus's dance, tilmus.
spasm, throe, throb, palpitation, convulsion.
disturbance 7c. (disorder) 59; restlessness &c. (changeableness) 149.
ferment, fermentation; ebullition, effervescence, hurly-burly,
cahotage; tempest, storm, ground swell, heavy sea, whirlpook, vortex &c.
312; whirlwind &c. (wind) 349.
V. be agitated &c.; shake; tremble, tremble like an aspen leaf;
quiver, quaver, quake, shiver, twitter, twire, writhe, toss, shuffle,
tumble, stagger, bob, reel, sway, wag, waggle; wriggle, wriggle like an
eel; dance, stumble, shamble, flounder, totter, flounce, flop, curvet,
prance, cavort [U.S.]; squirm.
throb, pulsate, beat, palpitate, go pitapat; flutter, flitter,
flicker, bicker; bustle.
ferment, effervesce, foam; boil, boil over; bubble up; simmer.
toss about, jumb about; jump like a parched pea; shake like an aspen
leaf; shake to its center, shake to its foundations; be the sport of the
winds and waves; reel to and fro like a drunken man; move from post to
pillar and from pillar to post, drive from post to pillar and from pillar
to post, keep between hawk and buzzard.
agitate, shake, convulse, toss, tumble, bandy, wield, brandish, flap,
flourish, whisk, jerk, hitch, jolt; jog, joggle, jostle, buffet, hustle,
disturb, stir, shake up, churn, jounce, wallop, whip, vellicate.
Adj. shaking &c. v.; agitated tremulous; desultory, subsultory|;
saltatoric; quasative; shambling; giddy-paced, saltatory, convulsive,
unquiet, restless, all of a twitter.
Adv. by fits and starts; subsultorily| &c. adj.; per saltum; hop skip
and jump; in convulsions, in fits.
Phr. tempete dans un verre d'eau.
<-- p. 94 -->
CLASS III
Words Relating to MATTER
Section 1. MATTER IN GENERAL
#318. World. -- N. world, creation, nature, universe; earth, globe,
wide world; cosmos; kosmos; terraqueous globe, sphere; macrocosm, megacosm;
music of the spheres.
heavens, sky, welkin|, empyrean; starry cope, starry heaven, starry
host; firmament; Midgard; supersensible regions; varuna; vault of heaven,
canopy of heaven; celestial spaces.
heavenly bodies, stars, asteroids; nebulae; galaxy, milky way,
galactic circle, via lactea.
sun, orb of day, Apollo, Phoebus; photosphere, chromosphere; solar
system; planet, planetoid; comet; satellite, moon, orb of night, Diana,
silver-footed queen; aerolite, meteor; planetary ring; falling star,
shooting star; meteorite, uranolite.
constellation, zodiac, signs of the zodiac, Charles's wain, Big
Dipper, Little Dipper, Great Bear, Southern Cross, Orion's belt,
Cassiopea's chair, Pleiades.
colures, equator, ecliptic, orbit.
[Sicence of heavenly bodies] astronomy; uranogrraphy, uranology;
cosmology, cosmography, cosmogony; eidouranion, orrery; goedesy &c.
(measurement) 466; star gazing, star gazer; astronomer; observatory;
planetarium.
Adj. cosmic, cosmical; mundane, terrestrial, terrestrious|,
terraqueous, terrene, terreous|, telluric, earthly, geotic, under the sun;
sublunary, subastral.
solar, heliacal; lunar; celestial, heavenly, sphery; starry, stellar;
sidereal, sideral; astral; nebular; uranic.
Adv. in all creation, on the face of the globe, here velow, under the
sun.
Phr. die Weltgeschichte ist das Weltergesicht; "earth is but the
frozen echo of the silent voice of God" [Hageman]; "green calm below, blue
quietness above" [Whittier]; "hanging in a golden chain this pendant World"
[Paradise Lost]; "nothing in nature is unbeautiful" [Tennyson]; "silently
as a dream the fabric rose" [Cowper]; "some touch of nature's genial glow"
[Scott]; "this majestical roof fretted with golden fire" [Hamlet]; "through
knowledge we behold the World's creation" [Spenser].
<-- p. 95 -->
#319. Gravity. -- N. gravity, gravitation; weight; heaviness &c. adj.;
specific gravity; pondorosity, pressure, load; burden, burthen; ballast,
counterpoise; lump of, mass of, weight of.
lead, millstone, mountain, Ossa on Pelion.
weighing, ponderation, trutination|; weights; avoirdupois weight, troy
weight, apothecaries' weight; grain, scruple, drachma, ounce, pound, lb,
arroba, load, stone, hundredweight, cwt, ton, long ton, metric ton,
quintal, carat, pennyweight, tod.
[metric weights] gram, centigram, milligram, microgram, kilogram;
nanogram, picogram, femtogram, attogram.
[Weighing Instrument] balance, scale, scales, steelyard, beam,
weighbridge; spring balance, piezoelectric balance, analytical balance,
two-pan balance, one-pan balance; postal scale, baby scale.
[Science of gravity] statics.
V. be heavy &c. adj.; gravitate, weigh, press, cumber, load.
[Measure the weight of] weigh, poise.
Adj. weighty; weighing &c. v.; heavy as lead; ponderous, ponderable;
lumpish, lumpy, cumbersome, burdensome; cumbrous, unwieldy, massive.
incumbent, superincumbent.
#320. Levity. -- N. levity; lightness &c. adj.; imponderability,
buoyancy, volatility.
feather, dust, mote, down, thistle, down, flue, cobweb, gossamer,
straw, cork, bubble, balloon; float, buoy; ether, air.
leaven, ferment, barm, yeast.
V. be light &c. adj.; float, rise, swim, be buoyed up.
render light &c. adj.; lighten, leaven.
Adj. light, subtile, airy; imponderous, imponderable; astatic,
weightless, ethereal, sublimated; gossamery; suberose, suberous;
uncompressed, volatile; buoyant, floating &c. v.; portable.
light as a feather, light as a thistle, light as air.
