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# For Pain
Medicines for mild pain and lowering fever include paracetamol (the
safest and best medicine to use for children), aspirin, and
ibuprofen. Aspirin and ibuprofen also reduce inflammation
(swelling). Reducing swelling will calm pain and help heal injuries
such as a twisted or sprained ankle. For children with fevers and
viral infections, give paracetamol and avoid aspirin.
Do not give more than the recommended dose of these medicines. Too
much aspirin or ibuprofen can cause stomach ulcers. Too much
paracetamol can be poisonous. For high fever or very strong pain,
avoid using too much of any one pain medicine by using both
paracetamol and ibuprofen in the correct doses and intervals.
# Paracetamol, acetaminophen
Paracetamol is a good, affordable medicine for fever and mild pain.
## Important!
Do not take more than the recommended amount. Too much is poisonous
to the liver and can kill. Keep this medicine out of the reach of
children, especially if you have it as a sweetened syrup.
Cold medicines often contain paracetamol, so do not give them if you
are also giving paracetamol or you may give too much.
## How to use
Pill
Give 10 to 15 mg per kg, every 4 to 6 hours. Do not give more than 5
times in 24 hours. If you cannot weigh the person, dose by age:
* Under 1 year: give 62 mg (half of 1/4 of a 500 mg tablet), every
4 to 6 hours.
* 1 to 2 years: give 125 mg (1/4 of a 500 mg tablet), every 4 to 6
hours.
* 3 to 7 years: give 250 mg (1/2 of a 500 mg tablet), every 4 to 6
hours.
* 8 to 12 years: give 375 mg (3/4 of a 500 mg tablet), every 4 to 6
hours.
* Over 12 years: give 500 mg to 1000 mg, every 4 to 6 hours, but do
not give more than 4000 mg in a day.
# Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen relieves muscle pain, joint pain, and headache, and lowers
fever.
## Side effects
Ibuprofen can cause a stomachache, but taking it with milk or food
lessens that problem.
## Important!
Do not take ibuprofen if you are allergic to aspirin. Some people
who are allergic to one are also allergic to the other. Do not give
ibuprofen for stomach pain or indigestion. Ibuprofen is acidic and
may make the problem worse. For the same reason, people with stomach
ulcers should never use ibuprofen. Do not give ibuprofen to babies
younger than 6 months, and do not give to pregnant women in their
last 3 months of pregnancy.
## How to use
Pill
Give 5 to 10 mg per kg, every 6 to 8 hours. If you cannot weigh the
person, dose by age:
* 6 months to 12 months: give 50 mg, every 6 to 8 hours.
* 1 to 2 years: give 75 mg, every 6 to 8 hours.
* 2 to 3 years: give 100 mg, every 6 to 8 hours.
* 4 to 5 years: give 150 mg, every 6 to 8 hours.
* 6 to 8 years: give 200 mg, every 6 to 8 hours.
* 9 to 10 years: give 250 mg, every 6 to 8 hours.
* 11 years: give 300 mg, every 6 to 8 hours.
* Over 12 years: give 200 to 400 mg, every 4 to 6 hours.
Do not give more than 40 mg per kg in a day. Do not give more than 4
doses a day, and do not give for more than 10 consecutive days.
# Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
Aspirin is a good, affordable medicine for fever and mild pain.
## Side effects
Aspirin can cause stomach pain or heartburn. To avoid this, take
aspirin with milk, a little bicarbonate of soda, or a lot of
water--or together with meals.
## Important!
* Do not give aspirin for stomach pain or indigestion. Aspirin is
acidic and may make the problem worse. For the same reason, people
with stomach ulcers should never use aspirin.
* Do not give more than 1 dose of aspirin to a dehydrated person
until he begins to urinate well.
* It is better not to give aspirin to children under 12 years and
especially not to babies (paracetamol is safer) or to someone with
asthma (this may bring on an attack). Do not give to children with
flu signs, as this can cause problems.
* Keep aspirin where children cannot reach it. Large amounts can
poison them.
* Do not give to pregnant women.
## How to use
Pill
* 1 to 2 years: give 75 mg, every 6 hours.
* 3 to 7 years: give 150 mg, every 6 hours.
* 8 to 12 years: give 300 mg, every 6 hours.
* Over 12 years: give 300 to 600 mg, every 4 to 6 hours.
Do not give more than 2400 mg a day. Do not give to children more
than 4 times a day.
For heart attack
Give 300 to 325 mg by mouth immediately. Chew it up and swallow it.
# Codeine (codeine sulfate)
Codeine is a medicine for pain in the opiate family. It is used to
treat severe pain. Only use codeine when milder pain medicines do
not work.
## Side effects
May cause constipation (difficulty passing stools) and temporary
inability to pass urine. May also cause nausea, vomiting, itching,
and headaches.
## Important!
* Codeine is a habit-forming (addictive) drug. Avoid long-term or
frequent use.
* Do not drink alcohol while using codeine as it can cause
dangerous side effects and even death.
* Codeine can affect your thinking and reactions while taking it.
Be careful when driving or doing other things that require you to
be alert.
* Reduce the dose over time to stop taking it. Stopping all at
once can cause uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms.
* Do not use codeine if you have ever had an allergic reaction to
morphine.
* Do not use codeine if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
## How to use
Pill
Give codeine along with food.
* 3 to 6 years: give 1/2 to 1 mg per kg by mouth, every 4 to 6
hours.
* 7 to 12 years: give 15 to 30 mg by mouth, every 4 to 6 hours.
* Over 12 years: give 15 to 60 mg by mouth, every 4 to 6 hours. Do
not give more than 360 mg per day.
# Morphine (morphine sulfate, or morphine hydrochloride)
Morphine is medicine for pain in the opiate family, used to treat
moderate to severe pain.
## Important!
* Morphine is a habit-forming (addictive) drug. Avoid long-term or
frequent use.
* Do not drink alcohol while using morphine as it can cause
dangerous side effects and even death.
* Morphine can affect your thinking and reactions while taking it.
Be careful when driving or doing other things that require you to
be alert.
* Reduce the dose over time to stop taking it. Stopping all at
once can cause uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms.
* Do not use morphine if you have ever had an allergic reaction to
codeine.
* Do not use morphine if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
## How to use
Pill, Injection, Drop
For moderate to severe pain:
* Under 6 months: give 0.1 mg per kg by mouth, every 3 to 4 hours.
If you cannot weigh the baby, give 0.5 mg by mouth, every 3 to 4
hours.
* Over 6 months: give 0.2 to 0.5 mg per kg by mouth, every 4 to 6
hours as needed.
If you cannot weigh the person, dose by age:
* 6 months to 1 year: give 2 mg by mouth, every 4 to 6 hours.
* 1 to 5 years: give 3 mg by mouth, every 4 to 6 hours.
* 6 to 12 years: give 8 mg by mouth, every 4 to 6 hours.
* Over 12 years: give 10 to 30 mg by mouth, every 4 hours as needed.
For heart attack
Slowly inject 10 mg into the muscle over 5 minutes (2 mg per minute).
Inject another 5 to 10 mg if necessary.
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