Oh, my point is that I don't think there _is_ anything special
  about biological hands, or about the brain even.

  I think the model of "input --> output" is of limited value when
  speaking of complex systems that are integrated such as the
  human nervous system and the societies humans finds themselves
  in.

  Systems thinking is a way to escape the cause-effect dilemma.

  I'll give an example:

  What is the cause and effect of a car?

  Where does a car start?
  Where does a car end?

  If a car is sitting there not moving, is it a car?

  Is the root of the car in the engine? Is it in the intention of
  the driver?

  All seems complicated until you consider: What does a car do? A
  car is a thing (etymologically a "thing" is an assembly, a
  collection, a meeting of minds - it's the root of "think" in
  English) - that moves from point A to point B.

  Likewise, what is the cause of self? The brain? The hand?

  It's the thing. The collective. The assembly. All of the parts
  working together in some fashion, even if imperfectly.

  An imperfect hand grafted onto the human nervous system that
  functions like a hand, is a hand.

  If the brain is replaced by a computer, if it is a part of a
  similar system as a human that functions similarly to a human,
  it is a human, systemically speaking.