DDT Load the CP/M debugger into the TPA and execute it.
SYSGEN Create a new CP/M system diskette.
:CP/M STAT Command
The STAT Command takes any of the following forms --
STA� Calculat� th� storag� remainin� o� al� activ� drive� an� prin� � �
message like
x: R/W, SPACE: nnnK -- if disk is Read/Write
x: R/O, SPACE: nnnK -- if disk is Read Only
STAT x: Calculate the storage remaining on the specified drive and print
BYTES REMAINING ON x: nnnK
where
sssss -- number of virtual 128-byte records in file
This field is display if the optional $S is given
rrrr -- number of 128-byte records in each extent of the file
nnnK -- number of bytes (in K, K=1024) allocated to the file
ee -- number of 16K extensions
a/b -- access mode of file; R/O or R/W
d:pppppppp.sss -- drive name (d may be A, B, C, D) and file
name
STAT x:=R/O
Se� th� specifie� driv� t� Rea� Only�� Thi� i� cleare� b� � war� �
boot. When a disk is Read Only, the message
BDOS ERR ON x: READ ONLY
will appear if there is an attempt to write to it.
STAT VAL:
Summarize the status commands. STAT VAL: will print the list --
Temp R/O Disk: d:=R/O
Set Indicator: d:filename.typ $R/O $R/W $SYS $DIR
Disk Status : DSK: d:DSK:
User Status : USR:
Iobyte Assign:
CON: = TTY: CRT: BAT: UC1:
RDR: = TTY: PTR: UR1: UR2:
PUN: = TTY: PTP: UP1: UP2:
LST: = TTY: CRT: LPT: UL1:
STAT DEV:
Displa�� th� curren� logica� t� physica� devic� mapping�� Fo� �
example, the list may appear as --
CON: = CRT: PUN: = PTP:
RDR: = UR1: LST: = TTY:
STAT d:afn [$R/O or $R/W or $SYS or $DIR]
Se� th� variou� permanen� fil� indicators��� R/O=Read/Only� �
R/W=Read/Write, SYS=System, DIR=Non-System
CON: The system console device
RDR: The paper tape reader device
PUN: The paper tape punch device
LST: The output list device
The valid physical device names are --
TTY: Slow speed output device (teletype)
CRT: High speed output device (cathode ray tube)
BAT� Batc� processin� (CON� inpu� i� RDR:�� CON� outpu� �
is LST:)
UC1: User-defined console
PTR: Paper tape reader
PTP: Paper tape punch
UR1: User-defined reader #1
UR2: User-defined reader #2
UP1: User-defined punch #1
UP2: User-defined punch #2
LPT: Line printer
UL1: User-defined list device #1
STAT d:DSK:
Lis� th� characteristic� o� th� dis� name� "d:"�� i� "d:� i� no� �
specified, list the characteristics of all active disks. A sample listing:
Additional device names which may be used in PIP commands are --
NUL: Send 40 Nulls (ASCII 0) to the device.
EOF: Send a CP/M End of File character (ASCII Ctrl-Z).
INP: Special PIP input source to be patched (see manual).
OUT�� Specia� PIРoutpu� destinatio� t� b� patche� (se� �
manual).
PRN�� Sam� a� LST:�� bu� tab� ar� expande� a� ever�� eight� �
characte� position� line� ar� numbered� an� pag� eject� �
are inserted every 60 lines with an initial eject.
Th� use� ca� als� specif� on� o� mor� PIР parameter� enclose� i� �
square brackets separated by zero or more blanks. These parameters are --
Bloc� mod� transfer�� Dat� i� buffere� b� PI� unti� a� ASCI� X-�
Off character (Ctrl-S) is received from the source device.
D� Delet� character� whic� exten� pas� colum� � i� th� transfe� o� �
data to the destination from the character source.
E Echo all transfer operations to the console.
F Filter (remove) form feeds from the file.
Gn Get File from User Number n (n in the range 0 - 15)
� He� dat� transfer� Al� dat� i� checke� fo� prope� Inte� he� fil� �
format.
I Ignore ':00' records in the transfer of Intel hex format file.
L Translate upper case to lower case alphabetics.
N Add line numbers to each line transferred to the destination.
O Object file (non-ASCII) transfer. Ignore End of File.
Pn Include page ejects at every n lines.
Qs^ڠQui� copyin� fro� th� sourc� devic� o� fil� whe� th� strin� � �
(terminated by Ctrl-Z) is encountered.
R Read system files
Ss^Z Start copying from the source file when the string s is seen.
Tn Expand tabs to every nth column.
U Translate lower case to upper case alphabetics.
V Verify that data has been copied correctly.
W Write over R/O files without console interrogation
Z Zero the parity bit on input for each ASCII character.
:CP/M ED Command
The following are the error indicators given by ED --
? Unrecognized Command
> Memory buffer full
# Cannot apply command the number of times specified
O Cannot open LIB file in R command
The following are the control characters recognized by ED --
^C System reboot
^E Physical <CR> <LF> (not entered in command)
^H Character delete (backspace)
^I Logical tab
^J New line (line feed)
^L Logical <CR> <LF> in search and substitute strings
^M New line (carriage return)
^U Line delete
^X Line delete and backspace
^Z String terminator
Rubout Character delete
Break Discontinue command
The following are the commands recognized by ED --
nA Append lines
+/- B Beginning/Bottom of buffer
+/- nC Move character positions
+/- nD Delete characters
E Exit
nFs^Z Find string
H End edit, close and reopen files
Is^Z Insert characters
nJ Place strings in juxtaposition
+/- nK Kill (delete) lines
+/- nL Move down/up lines
nM Macro definition
O Return to original file
+/- nP Move and print pages
Q Quit with no file changes
R Read library file
nSs1^Zs2^Z
Substitute s2 for s1
+/- nT Type lines
+/- U Translate lower to upper case if U; none if -U
+/- V Engage/disengage line numbers (verify)
0V Print memory buffer info (free/total usage)
nW Write lines
nX Transfer n lines to X$$$$$$$.LIB
0X Empty X$$$$$$$.LIB
nZ Sleep
+/- n Move and type (+/- nLT)
n: Move to absolute line (V engaged)
:n Process from current line to specified line (V engaged)
:CP/M ASM Command
Th� AS� Comman� load� an� execute� th� CP/� 808� assembler�� I� i� o� �
the form --
ASM filename.xyz
where
filename ... is the name of the file 'filename.ASM' to assemble
x ... designates the disk name which contains the source
y ... designates the disk name to contain the hex file
(y=Z suppresses generation of the hex file)
z ... designates the disk name to contain the print file
(y=X lists on CON:, y=Z suppresses listing)
Refer to the ASM Manual for further details.
:CP/M LOAD Command
Th� LOA� Comman� read� th� fil� specified� whic� i� assume� t� contai� �
Inte� he� forma� machin� cod� an� produce� � memor� imag� fil� whic� ca� b� �
subsequently executed (converts .HEX to .COM files). It is of the form --
LOAD filename
where filename is the name of the file 'filename.HEX'.
:CP/M DDT Command
Th� DDԠ Progra� allow� dynami� interactiv� testin� an� debuggin� o� �
programs generated in the CP/M environment. It is invoked by --
DDT
DDT filename.HEX
DDT filename.COM
where 'filename' is the name of the program to be loaded or tested.
DDT responds to the normal CP/M input line editing characters.
DDT responds to the following commands --
As Perform inline assembly starting at the specified address s.
D Display memory from the current address for 16 display lines.
Ds Display memory from address s for 16 display lines.
Ds,f Display memory from address s to address f.
Fs,f,c
Fill memory from start address s to final address f with byte c.
G Start execution at the current value of the PC.
Gs Start execution at the specified address s.
Gs,�Star� executio� a� th� specifie� addres� � an� se� � breakpoin� �
at the address b.
Gs,b,c
Same as above with breakpoints at b and c.
G,b Start execution at the current value of the PC with breakpoint b.
G,b,c
Same as above with breakpoints at b and c.
If Insert a file name f into the default FCB.
L List 12 lines of disassembled code from the current address.
Ls List 12 lines from the specified address s.
Ls,f List lines of disassembled code from s to f.
Ms,f,d
Move the block from address s to f to destination at address d.
R Read file in FCB into memory at 100H.
Rb Read file in FCB into memory with offset b from 100H.
Ss Set (examine and alter) memory starting at address s.
T Trace the next instruction.
Tn Trace the next n instructions.
U Untrace -- like Trace, but intermediate steps are not displayed.
X Examine all registers and flags.
Xr Examine specified registers or flag, where r may be --
C Carry flag
Z Zero flag
M Minus (sign) flag
I Interdigit Carry flag
A Accumulator
B BC Reg pair
D DE Reg pair
H HL Reg pair
S Stack pointer
P PC
:CP/M SYSGEN Command
Onc� invoked�� th� use� i� prompte� throug� th� session� Refe� t� th� �
CP/M Manual for further details.
:CP/M BDOS -- Basic I/O Operations
Function and Number Input Parameters Output Parameters
System Reset 0 None None
Read Console 1 None ASCII Char in A
Write Console 2 ASCII Char in E None
Read Reader 3 None ASCII Cha
r in A
Write Punch 4 ASCII Char in E None
Write List 5 ASCII Char in E None
Direct Con I/O 6 ASCII Char in E I/O Status in A if E=0FFH
Get I/O Status 7 None I/O Status in A
Put I/O Status 8 I/O Status in E None
Print Buffer 9 Address of string None
terminated by $
in DE
Read Buffer 10 Address of Read Read Buffer is filled
Buffer in DE
Console Ready 11 None LSB of A is 1 if char
ready
*All function numbers are passed in Reg C.
1 Maximum Buffer Length
2 Current Buffer Length (returned value)
3-n Data (returned values)
:CP/M BIOS -- Basic Disk Operations
Function and Number Input Parameters Output Parameters
Return Version # 12 None Version Info in HL
H=0 CP/M, H=1 MP/M
L=00 CP/M 1.x, 2x 2.x
Init BDOS 13 None None
Log-In Disk 14 Value in Reg E None
A=0, B=1, C=2,
D=3
Open File 15 Address of FCB Byte address of FCB
in DE if found or 0FFH if not
Close File 16 Address of FCB Byte address of FCB
in DE if found or 0FFH if not
Search for File 17 Address of FCB Byte address of FCB (0-3)
in DE if found or 0FFH if not
Search for Next 18 Address of FCB Byte address of next FCB
in DE if found or 0FFH if not
Delete File 19 Address of FCB Byte address of FCB (0-3)
in DE if found or 0FFH if not
Function and Number Input Parameters Output Parameters
Read Next Record 20 Address of FCB 0=successful read
in DE 1=read past EOF
2=reading random data
Write Next Rec 21 Address of FCB 0=successful write
in DE 1=error in extending
2=end of disk data
255=no more dir space
Make File 22 Address of FCB Byte address of FCB or
in DE 255 if no more dir space
Rename FCB 23 Address of FCB Byte Address of Dir entry
in DE or 255 if no match
Return Log Code 24 None Login vector in HL
Read Drive No 25 None Number of logged-in drive
(A=0, B=1, C=2, D=3)
Set DMA Address 26 Address of 128 None
byte buffer in DE
Function and Number Input Parameters Output Parameters
Ge�Allo� Vec� 2� Non� Allocatio� Vec� Add� i� �
HL
Write Prot Disk 28 None None
Get R/O Vect 29 None HL=R/O Vect Val
Set File Attrib 30 Ptr to FCB in DE Dir code in A
Get Disk Parms 31 None HL=DPB Address
Set/Get Usr Code 32 E=0FFH (get)/Code A=Current code (get)/no
(set) value (set)
Read Random 33 DE=FCB addr A=return code
1=reading unwritten data
2=(not used)
3=can't close curr ext
4=seek to unwritten ext
5=(not used)
6=seek past end of disk
Function and Number Input Parameters Output Parameters
Write Random 34 DE=FCB addr A=return code
1=reading unwritten data
2=(not used)
3=can't close curr ext
4=seek to unwritten ext
5=dir overflow
6=seek past end of disk
Compute File Siz 35 DE=FCB addr Random Rec Field set
to file size
Set Random Rec 36 DE=FCB addr Random Rec Field set
*All function numbers are passed in Reg C
:CP/M File Types
AIN ALGOL 60 Intermediate ALG ALGOL 60 Source File
ASM Assembler Source File BAK Backup File
BAS BASIC Source File C C Source File
COB COBOL Source File COM "Command" File
FOR FORTRAN IV Source File HEX Intel "hex" code file
HLP HELP File INT BASIC Intermediate File
LST Listing File MAC MACRO-80 Source File
PAS PASCAL Source File PRN Assembler Listing File
REL Relocatable Module SRC PASCAL/MT Source File
SUB SUBMIT File SYM Symbol File
TC Tiny-C Source File TFS TFS Source File
TXT Text File $$$ Temporary File
:CP/M BIOS Jump Vector
Th� followin� i� � tabl� representin� th� entr� point� int� th� CP/� �
BIOS of the major routines accessable to the user --
Routine Relative Offset Comment
BOOT 00H Cold Start
WBOOT 03H Warm Start
CONST 06H Console Status
Reg A = 00 if no char ready
Reg A = FF if char ready
CONIN 09H Console char in (Reg A)
CONOUT 0CH Console char out (Reg C)
LIST 0FH List out (Reg C)
PUNCH 12H Punch out (Reg C)
READER 15H Reader in (Reg A)
Routine Relative Offset Comment
HOME 18H Move to track 00
SELDSK 1BH Select disk given by Reg C (A=0,B=1,...)
SETTRˠ 1EȠ Se� trac� addres� give� b�� Re� �
(0...76)
SETSEà 21Ƞ Se� secto� addres� give� b�� Re� �
(1...26)
SETDMA 24H Set subsequent DMA address (RP B&C)
READ 27H Read track/sector (block)
WRITE 2AH Write track/sector (block)
LISTST 2DH List Device Status
Reg A = 00 if no char ready
Reg A = FF if char ready
SECTRAΠ 30� Translat� secto� numbe� i� Re� à usin� �
tabl� pointe� t� b� DE� physica� secto� �
number returned in Reg L
