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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
Desperate to get its illegally detained civilians out of Russia, Kyiv | |
offers Ukrainian collaborators in exchange | |
By Ivana Kottasová, CNN | |
Updated: | |
5:44 AM EDT, Sun June 8, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
Ukraine sent dozens of its own citizens to Russia last month, releasing | |
them from prisons in an attempt to secure the release of dozens of | |
Ukrainian civilians held illegally in Russian jails – a move | |
described by human rights activists as desperate and worrying. | |
According to the Ukrainian government, 70 Ukrainian civilians convicted | |
of collaborating with Russia were released as part of the between Kyiv | |
and Moscow last month. | |
Ukraine said all of them went into exile voluntarily, as part of a | |
government scheme that gives anyone convicted of collaborating with | |
Russia the option of being sent there. | |
But human rights groups and international lawyers say the scheme is | |
problematic, contradicts previous statements made by the Ukrainian | |
government, and could potentially put more people at risk of being | |
snatched by the Russians. | |
“I completely understand the sentiment, we all want the people (who | |
are detained in Russia) to be released as quickly as possible and | |
Russia has no will to do that… but the solution that is offered is | |
definitely not the right one,” said Onysiia Syniuk, a legal analyst | |
at Zmina, a Ukrainian human rights group. | |
The program, called “I want to go to my own,” was launched last | |
year by Ukraine’s Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of | |
Prisoners of War, the Ministry of Defense, the Security Service and the | |
parliament’s Commissioner for Human Rights. | |
A government website outlining the program includes photos and personal | |
information of some of the 300 Ukrainian people that the government | |
says have signed up to the program. | |
The profiles of 31 of them are stamped with a picture of a suitcase and | |
the words “HAS LEFT,” with a note saying he or she “left for | |
Russia while at the same time real Ukrainians returned home.” | |
Bargaining chips | |
According to Kyiv, at least 16,000 Ukrainian civilians are known to be | |
detained in Russia, although the real number is likely to be much | |
higher. Some 37,000 Ukrainians, including civilians, children and | |
members of the military, are officially recognized as missing. | |
Many have been detained in occupied territories, detained for months or | |
even years without any charges or trial, and deported to Russia. They | |
include activists, journalists, priests, politicians and community | |
leaders as well as people who appear to have been snatched by Russian | |
troops at random at checkpoints and other places in occupied Ukraine. | |
The detention of civilians by an occupying power is illegal under | |
international laws of conflict, except for in a few narrowly defined | |
situations and with strict time limits. | |
Because of that, there is no established legal framework for the | |
treatment and exchange of civilian detainees in the same way there is | |
for prisoners of war. | |
Russia has, in some cases, claimed that the Ukrainian civilians it is | |
holding are prisoners of war and should be recognized as such by | |
Ukraine. Kyiv has been reluctant to do so because it could put | |
civilians living in occupied areas of Ukraine at risk of being | |
arbitrarily detained by Russia as it seeks to grow its pool for future | |
exchanges. | |
Ukraine’s human rights commissioner Dmytro Lubinets told CNN last | |
year that Kyiv believes Russia has been taking Ukrainians hostage to | |
use them as bargaining chips, and that he rejected the idea of | |
exchanging civilians as part of a prisoner swap. | |
Kyiv has rallied its allies to increase pressure on Russia over the | |
issue and tried to get Moscow to agree to release the detained | |
civilians through third countries, similar to the way some Ukrainian | |
children have been returned with the help of Qatar, South Africa and | |
the Vatican. | |
Several international organizations, including the United Nations and | |
the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), have | |
also repeatedly called on Moscow to unconditionally release its | |
civilian detainees. | |
Russia has ignored the pleas. | |
The “I want to go to my own” program is an attempt by Kyiv to get | |
some of the detained civilians back without having to recognize them as | |
prisoners of war. | |
But human rights groups are urging the Ukrainian government to continue | |
to press for unconditional release of civilians. “Under international | |
humanitarian law, it is not possible to talk about exchanging | |
civilians. All civilians unlawfully detained must be released | |
unconditionally,” said Yulia Gorbunova, a senior researcher on | |
Ukraine at Human Rights Watch (HRW). | |
“But in practice, things are a lot more difficult because Russia is | |
not playing by the rules. For Ukrainian civilians, to be included on an | |
exchange list is their main hope. I think the scheme is an attempt to | |
find a way to do this,” she told CNN. | |
Announcing the 1,000 for 1,000 exchange, Ukraine’s President | |
Volodymyr Zelensky hinted as much. | |
“I would like to thank our law enforcement officers today for adding | |
Russian saboteurs and collaborators to the exchange fund,” the | |
president said, while also thanking Ukrainian soldiers for capturing | |
Russian troops on the front lines. | |
‘Political prisoners’ | |
But it seems that the scheme did not yield the results Kyiv was hoping | |
for. | |
Petro Yatsenko from the Ukraine’s Coordination Headquarters for the | |
Treatment of Prisoners of War told CNN Ukraine did not know ahead of | |
the time who was being returned. | |
The headquarters said the returnees included a group of at least 60 | |
Ukrainian civilians who were convicted of criminal offenses unrelated | |
to the war. | |
The headquarters’ deputy head, Andriy Yusov, told CNN many of them | |
had been convicted by Ukrainian courts and were serving sentences in | |
Ukrainian prisons when Russia launched its full-scale, unprovoked | |
invasion in February 2022 and occupied the areas where they were | |
detained. | |
After completing their sentences, Russian authorities were supposed to | |
deport these prisoners from the occupied territories back to Ukraine. | |
Instead, it kept them, unlawfully, in detention centers normally used | |
for illegal immigrants and only released them as part of the 1,000 for | |
1,000 prisoner swap. | |
The RussianHuman Rights Commissioner Tatyana Moskalkova described the | |
convicted Ukrainian collaborators sent to Russia as “political | |
prisoners,” but did not give any more details on who they were or | |
what would happen to them next. | |
Moskalkova’s office did not respond to CNN’s request for comment. | |
The “I want to go to my own” website gives details of some those | |
sent to Russia in the prisoner exchange, including the offenses they | |
were convicted of. Many were serving years-long sentences for | |
collaboration with Moscow. Some were convicted of supporting the | |
invasion or sharing information with Russian troops. Most received | |
sentences of between five and eight years in prison. | |
But human rights lawyers say the Ukrainian collaboration law under | |
which these people were sentenced is itself problematic. | |
HRW has previously issued an extensive report criticizing the | |
anti-collaboration law, calling it flawed. | |
Gorbunova said the group analyzed close to 2,000 verdicts and that | |
while there were genuine collaborators among them, a lot of them were | |
“people who, under international humanitarian law, should not have | |
been prosecuted.” | |
She said these included cases where there’s been “little or no harm | |
done” and or where there was no intent to harm national security. | |
Some of the cases involve people who had been working in public service | |
in areas that were then occupied and who had simply continued doing | |
their jobs. | |
“Helping people on the streets, people who are sick or have | |
disabilities, distributing humanitarian aid. Teachers, firefighters, | |
municipal workers who collect trash, that type of thing – they could | |
be convicted of working for the occupation as collaborators,” she | |
said. | |
“That is not to say that there are no actual collaborators who commit | |
crimes against national security…who should be punished, (but) this | |
legislation is so vague that essentially a very wide range of | |
activities of people living and working under occupation could qualify | |
as collaboration, which is troubling and problematic,” she said. | |
While the initiative’s website includes what it says are handwritten | |
notes from each of the convicted collaborators indicating their wish to | |
leave for Russia, human rights organizations say the way in which they | |
have been disowned by their country is ethically dubious. | |
Syniuk told CNN: “These people are still Ukrainian citizens, and the | |
wording that they have on the website is that they were exchanged for | |
‘real Ukrainians’– that is very … not okay.” | |
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