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news.mit.edu.rss.xml - sfeed_tests - sfeed tests and RSS and Atom files |
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news.mit.edu.rss.xml (399489B) |
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> |
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2 <rss xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/… |
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3 <channel> |
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4 <title>MIT News</title> |
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5 <link>https://news.mit.edu/rss/research</link> |
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6 <atom:link href="https://news.mit.edu/rss/research" rel="self" type=… |
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7 <description>MIT News is dedicated to communicating to the media and… |
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8 <language>en</language> |
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9 |
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10 <lastBuildDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2020 11:00:00 -0400</lastBuildDate> |
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11 <item> |
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12 <title>Study helps explain why motivation to learn declines with age</… |
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13 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/why-learn-motivate-age-decline-1027</l… |
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14 <description>Research on mice suggests aging affects a brain circuit c… |
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15 <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2020 11:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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16 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/why-learn-motivat… |
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17 <dc:creator>Anne Trafton | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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18 <content:encoded><p>As people age, they often lose their motivat… |
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19 |
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20 <p>This circuit is particularly important for learning to make dec… |
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21 |
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22 <p>“As we age, it’s harder to have a get-up-and-go attitude to… |
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23 |
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24 <p>Graybiel is the senior author of the study, which appears today… |
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25 |
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26 <p><strong>Evaluating cost and benefit</strong></p&… |
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27 |
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28 <p>The striatum is part of the basal ganglia — a collection of b… |
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29 |
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30 <p>In recent years, Friedman, Graybiel, and colleagues including M… |
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31 |
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32 <p>In a <a href="https://news.mit.edu/2016/neural-connections-l… |
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33 |
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34 <p>The researchers later discovered that chronic stress has a majo… |
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35 |
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36 <p>In the new <em>Cell</em> study, the researchers set… |
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37 |
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38 <p>During the experiments, the mice heard two different tones, one… |
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39 |
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40 <p>Learning to perform this kind of task requires assigning value … |
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41 |
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42 <p>“In order to survive, in order to do whatever you are doing, … |
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43 |
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44 <p>“A person, or this case a mouse, may value a reward so highly… |
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45 |
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46 <p>The researchers found that inhibitory neurons that relay signal… |
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47 |
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48 <p><strong>Loss of motivation</strong></p> |
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49 |
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50 <p>Next, the researchers found that in older mice (between 13 and … |
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51 |
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52 <p>When the researchers used genetically targeted drugs to boost a… |
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53 |
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54 <p>In addition to normal age-related decline, many mental health d… |
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55 |
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56 <p>The researchers are now working on possible drug treatments tha… |
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57 |
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58 <p>“If you could pinpoint a mechanism which is underlying the su… |
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59 |
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60 <p>The research was funded by the CHDI Foundation, the Saks Kavana… |
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61 </content:encoded> |
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62 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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63 <media:description type="plain">“As we age, it's harder … |
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64 <media:credit>Image: Christine Daniloff, MIT</media:credit> |
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65 </media:content> |
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66 </item> |
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67 <item> |
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68 <title>Silencing gene expression to cure complex diseases</title> |
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69 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/immuneering-gene-expression-1026</link> |
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70 <description>Immuneering uses bioinformatics to develop new medicines … |
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71 <pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2020 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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72 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/immuneering-gene-… |
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73 <dc:creator>Zach Winn | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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74 <content:encoded><p>Many people think of new medicines as bullet… |
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75 |
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76 <p>His company, which specializes in bioinformatics and computatio… |
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77 |
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78 <p>Rather than focusing on the DNA and proteins involved in a dise… |
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79 |
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80 <p>The approach is guided by Immuneering’s decade-plus of experi… |
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81 |
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82 <p>“We started noticing some common patterns in terms of how the… |
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83 |
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84 <p>In keeping with that idea, Immuneering is currently developing … |
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85 |
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86 <p>It’s the first of what Immuneering hopes will be a number of … |
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87 |
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88 <p>“Our most advanced candidates go after the RAS-RAF-MEK [prote… |
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89 |
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90 <p><strong>A good foundation</strong></p> |
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91 |
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92 <p>As an undergraduate, Zeskind participated in the MIT $100K Entr… |
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93 |
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94 <p>“MIT has a unique culture around entrepreneurship,” Zeskind… |
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95 |
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96 <p>Although his PhD didn’t focus on bioinformatics, Zeskind’s … |
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97 |
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98 <p>After Zeskind earned his MBA at Harvard Business School in 2008… |
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99 |
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100 <p>Of course, due to the financial crisis of 2007-08, that proved … |
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101 |
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102 <p>“At first we thought, ‘We just spent a year figuring out IL… |
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103 |
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104 <p>In one of the company’s first projects, Immuneering uncovered… |
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105 |
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106 <p>As Immuneering continued working on successful drugs, they bega… |
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107 |
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108 <p>“A lot of the conventional wisdom is to focus on DNA,” Zesk… |
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109 |
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110 <p>In 2018, as Immuneering continued helping companies appreciate … |
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111 |
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112 <p>Today the company has drug pipelines focused around oncology, i… |
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113 |
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114 <p>“As long as we have a good gene-expression signature from hum… |
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115 |
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116 <p><strong>An inspired path</strong></p> |
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117 |
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118 <p>Even as Immuneering advances its drug pipelines, its bioinforma… |
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119 |
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120 <p>“We were sort of the Navy Seals of bioinformatics, if you wil… |
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121 |
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122 <p>In fact, it’s not lost on Zeskind that his analogy of drugs a… |
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123 |
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124 <p>And Zeskind’s attraction to MIT came long before he ever step… |
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125 |
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126 <p>Unfortunately, Dale passed away recently after a battle with ca… |
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127 |
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128 <p>“Especially in the early days, people were taking more risk [… |
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129 |
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130 <p>Indeed, even as Immuneering’s business model has evolved over… |
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131 |
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132 <p>“There’s been a ton of great progress in medicine, but when… |
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133 </content:encoded> |
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134 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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135 <media:description type="plain">Immuneering develops drugs… |
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136 <media:credit>Image: courtesy of Immuneering</media:credit> |
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137 </media:content> |
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138 </item> |
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139 <item> |
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140 <title>Yogesh Surendranath wants to decarbonize our energy systems</ti… |
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141 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/yogesh-surendranath-energy-1023</link> |
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142 <description>By developing novel electrochemical reactions, he hopes t… |
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143 <pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2020 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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144 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/yogesh-surendrana… |
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145 <dc:creator>Anne Trafton | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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146 <content:encoded><p>Electricity plays many roles in our lives, f… |
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147 |
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148 <p>Working at <a href="https://news.mit.edu/2015/inexpensive-ne… |
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149 |
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150 <p>“All of our research is about decarbonizing the energy ecosys… |
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151 |
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152 <p>Although his work has many applications in improving energy eff… |
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153 |
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154 <p>“Our goal is to uncover the key rate-limiting processes and t… |
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155 |
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156 <p><strong>Energy conversion</strong></p> |
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157 |
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158 <p>Born in Bangalore, India, Surendranath moved to Kent, Ohio, wit… |
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159 |
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160 <p>“My dad would often take me to the laboratory, and although m… |
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161 |
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162 <p>Although he was interested in all of the sciences, he narrowed … |
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163 |
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164 <p>After graduating from UVA, Surendranath came to MIT for graduat… |
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165 |
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166 <p>He got even more involved in catalyst development while doing a… |
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167 |
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168 <p>“That interface is where a lot of the key processes that are … |
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169 |
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170 <p>In 2013, Surendranath returned to MIT to join the faculty, at a… |
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171 |
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172 <p>“One of the most attractive features of the department is its… |
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173 |
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174 <p><strong>Fuel decarbonization</strong></p> |
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175 |
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176 <p>Among the many electrochemical reactions that Surendranath’s … |
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177 |
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178 <p>“For both of those areas, the idea is to convert carbon dioxi… |
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179 |
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180 <p>Other projects include improving the efficiency of catalysts us… |
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181 |
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182 <p>“The true joy of my time here, in addition to the science, ha… |
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183 |
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184 <p>Although they take their work seriously, Surendranath and his s… |
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185 |
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186 <p>“My group has really cultivated an extraordinarily positive, … |
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187 </content:encoded> |
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188 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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189 <media:description type="plain">“The true joy of my time… |
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190 <media:credit>Photo: Gretchen Ertl</media:credit> |
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191 </media:content> |
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192 </item> |
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193 <item> |
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194 <title>A wearable sensor to help ALS patients communicate</title> |
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195 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/sensor-als-communicate-1022</link> |
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196 <description>Researchers have designed a skin-like device that can mea… |
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197 <pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2020 11:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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198 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/sensor-als-commun… |
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199 <dc:creator>Anne Trafton | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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200 <content:encoded><p>People with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (A… |
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201 |
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202 <p>A team of MIT researchers has now designed a stretchable, skin-… |
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203 |
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204 <p>The researchers hope that their new device would allow patients… |
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205 |
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206 <p>“Not only are our devices malleable, soft, disposable, and li… |
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207 |
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208 <p>The researchers tested the initial version of their device in t… |
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209 <img alt="als" data-align="center" data-entity-type="file" data-entit… |
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210 <p>MIT graduate student Farita Tasnim and former research scientis… |
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211 |
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212 <p><strong>A skin-like sensor</strong></p> |
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213 |
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214 <p>Dagdeviren’s lab, the <a href="https://conformabledecoders… |
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215 |
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216 <p>Hawking, who passed away in 2018, suffered from a slow-progress… |
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217 |
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218 <p>Other ALS patients use similar devices that measure the electri… |
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219 |
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220 <p>“These devices are very hard, planar, and boxy, and reliabili… |
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221 |
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222 <p>Most ALS patients also eventually lose the ability to control t… |
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223 |
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224 <p>The device they created consists of four piezoelectric sensors … |
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225 |
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226 <p>The researchers used a process called digital imaging correlati… |
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227 |
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228 <p>“We had subjects doing different motions, and we created stra… |
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229 |
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230 <p>The researchers also used the measurements of skin deformations… |
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231 |
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232 <p>“The continuous monitoring of facial motions plays a key role… |
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233 |
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234 <p><strong>Enhanced communication</strong></p> |
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235 |
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236 <p>Based on these detectable facial movements, a library of phrase… |
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237 |
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238 <p>“We can create customizable messages based on the movements t… |
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239 |
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240 <p>The information from the sensor is sent to a handheld processin… |
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241 <p>The researchers have filed for a patent on this technology and … |
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242 |
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243 <p>“There are a lot of clinical trials that are testing whether … |
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244 |
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245 <p>The research was funded by the MIT Media Lab Consortium, the Na… |
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246 </content:encoded> |
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247 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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248 <media:description type="plain">All images: David Sadat</m… |
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249 <media:credit>Image: David Sadat</media:credit> |
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250 </media:content> |
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251 </item> |
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252 <item> |
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253 <title>Autonomous boats could be your next ride </title> |
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254 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/autonomous-boats-could-be-your-next-ri… |
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255 <description>Five years in the making, MIT’s autonomous floating ves… |
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256 <pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2020 09:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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257 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/autonomous-boats-… |
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258 <dc:creator>Rachel Gordon | MIT CSAIL</dc:creator> |
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259 <content:encoded><p>The feverish race to produce the shiniest, s… |
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260 |
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261 <p>In an update to a five-year project from MIT’s Computer Scien… |
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262 <p>Alongside <a href="https://www.ams-institute.org/">the Am… |
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263 |
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264 <p>“Roboat II navigates autonomously using algorithms similar to… |
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265 |
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266 <p>Self-driving boats have been able to transport small items for … |
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267 |
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268 <p>Aided by powerful algorithms, Roboat II autonomously navigated … |
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269 |
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270 <p>“The development of an autonomous boat system capable of accu… |
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271 |
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272 <p>Wang wrote the paper alongside<em> </em>MIT Senseab… |
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273 |
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274 <p>To coordinate communication among the boats, another team from … |
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275 |
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276 <p>With the intent of self-assembling into connected, multi-unit t… |
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277 |
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278 <p>“Current cooperative algorithms have rarely considered dynami… |
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279 |
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280 <p>The team tested their control method on two scenarios: one wher… |
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281 |
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282 <p>Wang wrote a paper about collective transport alongside Stanfor… |
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283 |
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284 <p><strong>Roboat II</strong></p> |
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285 |
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286 <p>In 2016, MIT researchers <a href="http://news.mit.edu/2016/a… |
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287 |
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288 <p>Now, Roboat II has scaled up to explore transportation tasks, a… |
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289 |
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290 <p>Here’s how it works: When a passenger pickup task is required… |
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291 |
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292 <p>Then, Roboat II, which weighs more than 50 kilograms, will star… |
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293 |
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294 <p>The team notes that the improvements in their control algorithm… |
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295 |
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296 <p>Increasing the size of Roboat also required a larger area to co… |
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297 |
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298 <p>While navigating the congested roads of cities alike can lead d… |
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299 |
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300 <p>“All of these expected developments will be incorporated into… |
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301 |
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302 <p><strong>Collective transport </strong></p> |
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303 |
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304 <p>Making our intuitive abilities a reality for machines has been … |
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305 |
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306 <p>One of the main goals of the project is enabling self-assembly … |
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307 |
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308 <p>Many control algorithms for this collective transport require d… |
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309 |
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310 <p>Normally, the distributed controller running on each robot requ… |
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311 |
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312 <p>When the leader initiates the movement to the destination, the … |
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313 |
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314 <p>In the future, the team plans to use machine learning to estima… |
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315 </content:encoded> |
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316 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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317 <media:description type="plain">The latest version of MIT'… |
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318 <media:credit>Photo courtesy of the researchers.</media:cr… |
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319 </media:content> |
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320 </item> |
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321 <item> |
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322 <title>What are the odds your vote will not count?</title> |
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323 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/odds-mail-vote-not-count-1019</link> |
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324 <description>MIT professor’s study quantifies how many mail-in ballo… |
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325 <pubDate>Mon, 19 Oct 2020 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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326 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/odds-mail-vote-no… |
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327 <dc:creator>Peter Dizikes | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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328 <content:encoded><p><em>This is part 2 of a two-part </… |
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329 |
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330 <p>In elections, every vote counts. Or should count. But a new stu… |
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331 |
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332 <p>The study quantifies the range of reasons for this, including l… |
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333 |
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334 <p>“Mail ballots tend to have more mistakes on them,” says Cha… |
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335 |
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336 <p>Voting by mail — the same thing as absentee voting — will p… |
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337 |
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338 <p>As the study suggests, states that have more experience with ma… |
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339 |
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340 <p>“The likelihood of a vote being lost by mail is, in part, det… |
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341 |
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342 <p>The paper, “Reconsidering Lost Votes by Mail,” appears as a… |
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343 |
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344 <p><strong>Check your work</strong></p> |
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345 |
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346 <p>The concept of “lost votes” was first studied comprehensive… |
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347 |
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348 <p>The current paper extends that line of analysis to absentee vot… |
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349 |
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350 <p>In the first case, about 1.1 percent of all mail-in votes are l… |
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351 |
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352 <p>“Postal service problems, literally the ballot not arriving, … |
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353 |
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354 <p>Secondly, votes can also be lost when voters handle the process… |
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355 |
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356 <p>“The voter can make a mistake in the certification process,�… |
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357 |
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358 <p>The third type of problem, comprising 1.5 percent of all attemp… |
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359 |
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360 <p>“The scanning problems, nobody really talks about because it�… |
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361 |
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362 <p>This category includes voter mistakes that could be corrected i… |
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363 |
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364 <p>“If you overvote, there’s a requirement in federal law that… |
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365 |
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366 <p>One frequent type of overvote happens when voters redundantly a… |
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367 |
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368 <p>There are other ways a voter can foul up a ballot as well.</… |
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369 |
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370 <p>“It could be, if you’re making choices and put your pencil … |
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371 |
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372 <p><strong>The geography of lost votes</strong></p&… |
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373 |
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374 <p>To conduct the study, Stewart used a variety of data sources, i… |
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375 |
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376 <p>One finding of the study is that the percentage of lost mail-in… |
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377 |
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378 <p>That suggests both that voters become more proficient when they… |
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379 |
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380 <p>“I’m very sanguine about the integrity of the process, from… |
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381 |
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382 <p>“That’s why we have a lot of voter education going on right… |
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383 </content:encoded> |
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384 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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385 <media:credit>Image: Christine Daniloff, MIT</media:cr… |
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386 </media:content> |
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387 </item> |
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388 <item> |
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389 <title>A controllable membrane to pull carbon dioxide out of exhaust s… |
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390 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/membrane-carbon-dioxide-exhaust-1016</… |
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391 <description>Electrically switchable system could continuously separat… |
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392 <pubDate>Fri, 16 Oct 2020 14:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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393 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/membrane-carbon-d… |
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394 <dc:creator>David L. Chandler | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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395 <content:encoded><p>A new system developed by chemical engineers… |
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396 |
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397 <p>The membranes themselves, made of anodized aluminum oxide, have… |
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398 |
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399 <p>This new “gas gating” mechanism could be applied to the con… |
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400 |
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401 <p>The device uses a redox-active carbon-absorbing material, sandw… |
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402 |
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403 <p>When the sorbent layer is open to the side where the waste gase… |
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404 |
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405 <p>By building a system with alternating sections of membrane that… |
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406 |
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407 <p>“That means that you have a feed stream coming into the syste… |
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408 |
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409 <p>The researchers’ key innovation was using electroplating as a… |
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410 |
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411 <p>“It makes a very uniform coating layer with a minimum amount … |
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412 |
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413 <p>Potentially, such a system could make an important contribution… |
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414 |
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415 <p>While the team’s initial focus was on the challenge of separa… |
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416 |
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417 <p>“We’re pretty excited about the gating mechanism. I think w… |
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418 |
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419 <p>The research team included graduate student Chun-Man Chow, post… |
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420 </content:encoded> |
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421 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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422 <media:description type="plain">On the right is a porous a… |
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423 <media:credit>Image: Felice Frankel</media:credit> |
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424 </media:content> |
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425 </item> |
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426 <item> |
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427 <title>A global collaboration to move artificial intelligence principl… |
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428 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/global-collaboration-moving-ai-princip… |
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429 <description>Convened by the MIT Schwarzman College of Computing, the … |
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430 <pubDate>Mon, 19 Oct 2020 13:50:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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431 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/global-collaborat… |
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432 <dc:creator>MIT Schwarzman College of Computing</dc:creator> |
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433 <content:encoded><p>Today, artificial intelligence — and the c… |
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434 |
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435 <p>The rapidly increasing applicability of AI has prompted a numbe… |
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436 |
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437 <p>“Our goal is to help policymakers in making practical decisio… |
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438 |
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439 <p>“Moving beyond principles means understanding trade-offs and … |
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440 |
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441 <p>The AI Policy Forum is designed as a yearlong process. Activiti… |
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442 |
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443 <p>The global collaboration will begin in late 2020 and early 2021… |
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444 |
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445 <p>Each task force will produce results that inform concrete publi… |
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446 |
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447 <p>On May 6–7, 2021, MIT will host — most likely online — th… |
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448 </content:encoded> |
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449 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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450 <media:credit>Image: Pete Linforth/Pixabay</media:cred… |
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451 </media:content> |
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452 </item> |
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453 <item> |
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454 <title>Neural pathway crucial to successful rapid object recognition i… |
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455 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/neural-pathway-crucial-successful-rapi… |
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456 <description>Recurrent processing via prefrontal cortex, necessary for… |
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457 <pubDate>Tue, 20 Oct 2020 15:45:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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458 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/neural-pathway-cr… |
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459 <dc:creator>Alison Gold | School of Science</dc:creator> |
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460 <content:encoded><p>MIT researchers have identified a brain path… |
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461 |
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462 <p>Led by Kohitij Kar, a postdoc at the McGovern Institute for Bra… |
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463 |
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464 <p>The current study, published in <em>Neuron</em> and… |
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465 |
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466 <p><strong>Monkey versus machine </strong></p> |
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467 |
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468 <p>In 2019, Kar, DiCarlo, and colleagues identified that primates … |
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469 |
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470 <p>Interestingly, specific images for which models performed poorl… |
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471 |
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472 <p>“In this new study, we wanted to find out: Where are these re… |
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473 |
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474 <p>To determine this, researchers used a pharmacological agent to … |
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475 |
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476 <p>“We observed that if you use pharmacological agents to partia… |
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477 |
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478 <p>“These results provide evidence that this recurrently connect… |
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479 |
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480 <p>The full study, entitled “Fast recurrent processing via ventr… |
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481 |
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482 <p>“This study demonstrates the importance of prefrontal cortica… |
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483 |
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484 <p>The present study makes clear the integral role of the recurren… |
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485 </content:encoded> |
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486 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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487 <media:description type="plain">MIT researchers used an ob… |
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488 <media:credit>Image courtesy of Kohitij Kar; brain image a… |
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489 </media:content> |
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490 </item> |
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491 <item> |
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492 <title>AI Cures: data-driven clinical solutions for Covid-19 </title> |
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493 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/ai-cures-data-driven-clinical-solution… |
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494 <description>MIT conference illustrates technologies developed in resp… |
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495 <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2020 11:55:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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496 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/ai-cures-data-dri… |
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497 <dc:creator>Terri Park | MIT Schwarzman College of Computing</dc… |
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498 <content:encoded><p>Modern health care has been reinvigorated by… |
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499 |
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500 <p>Researchers from the Abdul Latif Jameel Clinic for Machine Lear… |
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501 |
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502 <p><strong>AI Cures</strong></p> |
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503 |
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504 <p>When Covid-19 began to spread worldwide, Jameel Clinic’s comm… |
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505 |
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506 <p>As part of the mission of AI Cures to have broad impact and eng… |
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507 |
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508 <p><strong>Data-driven clinical solutions</strong><… |
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509 |
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510 <p>On Sept. 29, over 650 people representing 50 countries and 70 o… |
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511 |
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512 <p>In welcoming the audience, Daniel Huttenlocher, dean of the MIT… |
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513 |
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514 <p>Attendees heard from 14 other speakers, including MIT researche… |
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515 |
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516 <p>James Collins, the Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering and… |
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517 |
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518 <p>While AI has proven to be an effective tool in health care, a m… |
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519 |
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520 <p>Offering perspective from the clinical side, Constance Lehman, … |
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521 |
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522 <p>However, according to Lehman, many are choosing to opt out of s… |
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523 |
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524 <p>The conference culminated in a panel discussion with those who … |
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525 |
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526 <p>“Those from the AI community like myself are always asking ou… |
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527 |
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528 <p>Gandhi offered that “we need more refined and sophisticated a… |
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529 |
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530 <p>In her closing remarks, Barzilay expressed hope that the confer… |
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531 |
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532 <p>The event was the first in a pair of conferences that took plac… |
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533 |
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534 <p>AI Cures: Data-driven Clinical Solutions was organized by Jamee… |
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535 </content:encoded> |
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536 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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537 <media:description type="plain">Panelists discuss open pro… |
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538 </media:content> |
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539 </item> |
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540 <item> |
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541 <title>Machine learning uncovers potential new TB drugs</title> |
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542 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/gaussian-machine-learning-tb-drug-1015… |
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543 <description>Computational method for screening drug compounds can hel… |
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544 <pubDate>Thu, 15 Oct 2020 11:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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545 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/gaussian-machine-… |
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546 <dc:creator>Anne Trafton | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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547 <content:encoded><p>Machine learning is a computational tool use… |
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548 |
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549 <p>Using this new approach, which allows computer models to accoun… |
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550 |
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551 <p>This method, which has previously been used by computer scienti… |
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552 |
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553 <p>“This technique is part of a known subfield of machine learni… |
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554 |
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555 <p>Berger and Bryan Bryson, an assistant professor of biological e… |
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556 |
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557 <p><strong>Better predictions</strong></p> |
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558 |
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559 <p>Machine learning is a type of computer modeling in which an alg… |
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560 |
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561 <p>One limitation of this method is that while the algorithms perf… |
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562 |
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563 <p>To overcome that, the researchers used a technique called Gauss… |
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564 |
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565 <p>For example, if the data going into the model predict how stron… |
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566 |
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567 <p>Another advantage of this approach is that the algorithm requir… |
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568 |
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569 <p>Using this approach, the researchers were able to identify mole… |
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570 |
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571 <p>The researchers then experimentally tested some of their top hi… |
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572 |
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573 <p>The researchers also used the same training data to train a tra… |
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574 |
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575 <p>The researchers then took some of their most promising PknB inh… |
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576 |
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577 <p><strong>A good starting point</strong></p> |
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578 |
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579 <p>Another important element of this approach is that once the res… |
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580 |
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581 <p>“You don’t really need very large data sets on each iterati… |
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582 |
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583 <p>This study is the first in many years to propose new molecules … |
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584 |
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585 <p>The researchers also showed that they could use this same type … |
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586 |
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587 <p>The research was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense throu… |
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588 </content:encoded> |
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589 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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590 <media:description type="plain">Using a machine-learning a… |
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591 <media:credit>Image: MIT News</media:credit> |
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592 </media:content> |
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593 </item> |
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594 <item> |
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595 <title>How many votes will be counted after election night?</title> |
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596 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/votes-counted-after-election-1015</lin… |
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597 <description>Study measures the “blue shift” from absentee and pro… |
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598 <pubDate>Thu, 15 Oct 2020 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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599 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/votes-counted-aft… |
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600 <dc:creator>Peter Dizikes | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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601 <content:encoded><p><em>This is part 1 of a two-part </… |
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602 |
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603 <p>When you watch election returns on Nov. 3, keep this in mind: I… |
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604 |
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605 <p>Four straight U.S. presidential elections have featured a “bl… |
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606 |
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607 <p>A study co-authored by an MIT political scientist quantifies th… |
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608 |
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609 <p>“It’s one of the reasons people are bracing for a bit of a … |
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610 |
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611 <p>As the study shows, a growing share of votes since 1992 have be… |
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612 |
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613 <p>Moreover, the Covid-19 pandemic seems likely to generate more a… |
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614 |
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615 <p>However, Stewart notes, we do not know what will unfold. Fully … |
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616 |
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617 <p>Additionally, Stewart says, if Democrats are particularly focus… |
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618 |
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619 <p>The paper, “Explaining the Blue Shift in Election Canvassing,… |
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620 |
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621 <p><strong>Why more votes are counted later …</strong&g… |
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622 |
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623 <p>To conduct the research, Foley and Stewart examined all preside… |
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624 |
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625 <p>From 1948 through 1956, the number of votes counted after Elect… |
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626 |
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627 <p>Two main factors likely account for this growth: greater use of… |
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628 |
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629 <p>Provisional ballots allow people whose registration is challeng… |
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630 |
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631 <p>At the same time, voting by mail has grown in popularity. Using… |
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632 |
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633 <p>“The reforms after the 2000 election routinized some of these… |
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634 |
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635 <p><strong>… and why has the shift been blue?</strong&g… |
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636 |
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637 <p>Still, if an increasing number of votes are counted after Elect… |
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638 |
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639 <p>One explanation, which Foley and Stewart detail in the paper, i… |
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640 |
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641 <p>Digging into state-level data, the scholars find the same patte… |
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642 |
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643 <p>But why are Democrats casting more provisional ballots in the f… |
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644 |
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645 <p>Stewart suggests another reason, though, which stems from the c… |
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646 |
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647 <p>“Starting in 2008, I think something else happened,” he say… |
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648 |
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649 <p>Certainly the blue shift has not been constant. Nixon enjoyed a… |
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650 |
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651 <p><strong>Eyes on the Midwest</strong></p> |
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652 |
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653 <p>As Foley and Stewart also detail in the paper, states vary wide… |
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654 |
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655 <p>Another factor is whether states count absentee ballots that ar… |
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656 |
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657 <p>Those states are not likely to tip the outcome of the 2020 pres… |
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658 |
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659 <p>Still, in a few places, a relatively small shift could change t… |
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660 |
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661 <p>“When you do the math, you’re not talking about big [number… |
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662 </content:encoded> |
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663 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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664 <media:description type="plain">New research looks at how … |
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665 <media:credit>Image: MIT News</media:credit> |
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666 </media:content> |
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667 </item> |
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668 <item> |
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669 <title>Electronic design tool morphs interactive objects</title> |
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670 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/morphsensor-morphs-interactive-objects… |
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671 <description>MorphSensor lets users digitally model an object’s form… |
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672 <pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2020 09:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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673 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/morphsensor-morph… |
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674 <dc:creator>Rachel Gordon | MIT CSAIL</dc:creator> |
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675 <content:encoded><p>We’ve come a long way since the first 3D-p… |
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676 |
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677 <p>While much of these objects can be freely designed and quickly … |
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678 |
|
679 <p>Now, a 3D design environment from MIT’s <a href="https://w… |
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680 |
|
681 <p>The team tested the system, called MorphSensor, by modeling an … |
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682 <p>MorphSensor automatically converts electronic designs into 3D m… |
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683 |
|
684 <p>To test the effectiveness of MorphSensor, the researchers creat… |
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685 |
|
686 <p>“MorphSensor fits into my long-term vision of something calle… |
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687 |
|
688 <p><strong>MorphSensor in action&nbsp;</strong><… |
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689 |
|
690 <p>Imagine being able to have your own design lab where, instead o… |
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691 |
|
692 <p>For example, let’s say you want to update your face mask to m… |
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693 |
|
694 <p>Designers can then drag and drop the electronic components dire… |
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695 |
|
696 <p>Once satisfied with the design, the "morphed sensor" can be rap… |
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697 |
|
698 <p>To test their system, the team iterated on EarPods for sleep tr… |
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699 |
|
700 <p>In its current form, MorphSensor helps designers maintain conne… |
|
701 |
|
702 <p>Zhu wrote the paper alongside MIT graduate student Yunyi Zhu; u… |
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703 |
|
704 <p>This material is based upon work supported by the National Scie… |
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705 </content:encoded> |
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706 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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707 <media:description type="plain">An MIT team used MorphSens… |
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708 <media:credit>Photo courtesy of the researchers.</media:cr… |
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709 </media:content> |
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710 </item> |
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711 <item> |
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712 <title>Solar-powered system extracts drinkable water from “dry” ai… |
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713 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/solar-extracts-drinkable-water-1014</l… |
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714 <description>MIT engineers have made their initial design more practic… |
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715 <pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2020 11:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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716 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/solar-extracts-dr… |
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717 <dc:creator>David L. Chandler | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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718 <content:encoded><p>Researchers at MIT and elsewhere have signif… |
|
719 |
|
720 <p>The system, which builds on a design <a href="https://news.m… |
|
721 |
|
722 <p>The earlier device <a href="https://news.mit.edu/2018/field-… |
|
723 |
|
724 <p>But that device required the use of specialized materials calle… |
|
725 <p>Wang says the team felt that “It’s great to have a small pr… |
|
726 |
|
727 <p>Instead of the MOFs, the new design uses an adsorbent material … |
|
728 |
|
729 <p>The two-stage design developed by LaPotin makes clever use of t… |
|
730 |
|
731 <p>In the process, the overall productivity of the system, in term… |
|
732 |
|
733 <p>While similar two-stage systems have been used for other applic… |
|
734 |
|
735 <p>Existing AWH approaches include fog harvesting and dew harvesti… |
|
736 |
|
737 <p>By contrast, the new system can work at humidity levels as low … |
|
738 |
|
739 <p>LaPotin says that the key is this two-stage architecture; now t… |
|
740 |
|
741 <p>The team continues work on refining the materials and design of… |
|
742 |
|
743 <p>“This is an interesting and technologically significant work … |
|
744 |
|
745 <p>Yu adds that “Technically, it is beautiful that one could reu… |
|
746 |
|
747 <p>The research team includes Yang Zhong, Lenan Zhang, Lin Zhao, a… |
|
748 </content:encoded> |
|
749 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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750 <media:description type="plain">A prototype of the new two… |
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751 <media:credit>Image: Alina LaPotin</media:credit> |
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752 </media:content> |
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753 </item> |
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754 <item> |
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755 <title>Technique recovers lost single-cell RNA-sequencing information<… |
|
756 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/sc-rna-sequencing-fidelity-1013</link> |
|
757 <description>Boosting the efficiency of single-cell RNA-sequencing hel… |
|
758 <pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2020 11:39:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
759 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/sc-rna-sequencing… |
|
760 <dc:creator>Anne Trafton | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
|
761 <content:encoded><p>Sequencing RNA from individual cells can rev… |
|
762 |
|
763 <p>With their new approach, the MIT team could extract 10 times as… |
|
764 |
|
765 <p>“It’s become clear that these technologies have transformat… |
|
766 |
|
767 <p>In a study appearing this week in <em>Immunity</em>… |
|
768 |
|
769 <p>“This is by no means an exhaustive compendium, but it’s a f… |
|
770 |
|
771 <p>Shalek and J. Christopher Love, the Raymond A. and Helen E. St.… |
|
772 |
|
773 <p><strong>Recapturing information </strong></p> |
|
774 |
|
775 <p>A few years ago, Shalek, Love, and their colleagues developed a… |
|
776 |
|
777 <p>“If you really want to resolve features that distinguish dise… |
|
778 |
|
779 <p>To try to recover that additional information, the researchers … |
|
780 |
|
781 <p>Using this technique, the researchers showed they could generat… |
|
782 |
|
783 <p>“We were able to vastly improve the amount of per cell inform… |
|
784 |
|
785 <p><strong>Signatures of disease</strong></p> |
|
786 |
|
787 <p>Using this technique, the researchers analyzed 19 patient skin … |
|
788 |
|
789 <p>They also uncovered some features that were unique to a particu… |
|
790 |
|
791 <p>The data generated in this study should also offer a valuable r… |
|
792 |
|
793 <p>“You never know what you’re going to want to use these data… |
|
794 |
|
795 <p>The technique could also be applied to many other diseases and … |
|
796 |
|
797 <p>The research was funded by the Koch Institute Support (core) Gr… |
|
798 </content:encoded> |
|
799 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
800 <media:description type="plain">MIT researchers have great… |
|
801 <media:credit>Courtesy of the researchers. Edited by MIT N… |
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802 </media:content> |
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803 </item> |
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804 <item> |
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805 <title>To make mini-organs grow faster, give them a squeeze</title> |
|
806 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/cell-crowding-organs-grow-1013</link> |
|
807 <description>Study finds that compressing cells, and crowding their co… |
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808 <pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2020 11:30:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
809 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/cell-crowding-org… |
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810 <dc:creator>Jennifer Chu | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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811 <content:encoded><p>The closer people are physically to one anot… |
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812 |
|
813 <p>In a paper published today in the journal <em>Cell Stem C… |
|
814 |
|
815 <p>While squeezing something to make it grow may sound counterintu… |
|
816 |
|
817 <p>In their new study, the scientists found that squeezing intesti… |
|
818 |
|
819 <p>Guo’s co-authors are lead author Yiwei Li, Jiliang Hu, and Qi… |
|
820 |
|
821 <p><strong>Packed in</strong></p> |
|
822 |
|
823 <p>To study squeezing’s effect on cells, the researchers mixed v… |
|
824 |
|
825 <p>“We wanted to achieve a significant amount of cell size chang… |
|
826 |
|
827 <p>The team used a confocal microscope to measure in 3D how indivi… |
|
828 |
|
829 <p>They measured the stiffness of cells before and after weights w… |
|
830 |
|
831 <p>Next, they looked at whether there were changes in the interact… |
|
832 |
|
833 <p>“In general, this pathway is known to make a cell more like a… |
|
834 |
|
835 <p><strong>A “refreshing” path</strong></p> |
|
836 |
|
837 <p>To see whether cell squeezing affects the Wnt pathway, and how … |
|
838 |
|
839 <p>“The Wnt pathway is particularly important in the colon,” G… |
|
840 |
|
841 <p>He and his colleagues grew intestinal organoids, each measuring… |
|
842 |
|
843 <p>The upshot: Those organoids that were squeezed actually grew la… |
|
844 |
|
845 <p>“The difference was very obvious,” Guo says. “Whenever yo… |
|
846 |
|
847 <p>He says the results demonstrate how squeezing can affect an org… |
|
848 |
|
849 <p>“This is very general and broad, and the potential impact is … |
|
850 |
|
851 <p>Going forward, he and his colleagues plan to explore cell squee… |
|
852 |
|
853 <p>“I could take my own cells and transfect them to make stem ce… |
|
854 |
|
855 <p>This research is supported, in part, by the National Cancer Ins… |
|
856 </content:encoded> |
|
857 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
858 <media:description type="plain">In this image, the cell di… |
|
859 <media:credit>Credit: Yiwei Li</media:credit> |
|
860 </media:content> |
|
861 </item> |
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862 <item> |
|
863 <title>Translating lost languages using machine learning</title> |
|
864 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/translating-lost-languages-using-machi… |
|
865 <description>System developed at MIT CSAIL aims to help linguists deci… |
|
866 <pubDate>Wed, 21 Oct 2020 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
867 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/translating-lost-… |
|
868 <dc:creator>Adam Conner-Simons | MIT CSAIL</dc:creator> |
|
869 <content:encoded><p>Recent research suggests that most languages… |
|
870 |
|
871 <p>Lost languages are more than a mere academic curiosity; without… |
|
872 |
|
873 <p>However, researchers at MIT’s <a href="http://csail.mit.ed… |
|
874 |
|
875 <p>The team’s ultimate goal is for the system to be able to deci… |
|
876 |
|
877 <p>Spearheaded by MIT Professor Regina Barzilay, the system relies… |
|
878 |
|
879 <p>By incorporating these and other linguistic constraints, Barzil… |
|
880 |
|
881 <p>The project builds on <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.06… |
|
882 |
|
883 <p>With the new system, the relationship between languages is infe… |
|
884 |
|
885 <p>The proposed algorithm can assess the proximity between two lan… |
|
886 |
|
887 <p>In future work, the team hopes to expand their work beyond the … |
|
888 |
|
889 <p>“For instance, we may identify all the references to people o… |
|
890 |
|
891 <p>The project was supported, in part, by the Intelligence Advance… |
|
892 </content:encoded> |
|
893 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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894 <media:description type="plain">In developing a machine le… |
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895 <media:credit>Photo: S.R.K. Branavan</media:credit> |
|
896 </media:content> |
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897 </item> |
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898 <item> |
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899 <title>How a worm may yield insights into the gut-brain relationship</… |
|
900 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/how-worm-could-yield-gut-brain-insight… |
|
901 <description>Gurrein Madan, brain and cognitive sciences graduate stud… |
|
902 <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2020 11:30:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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903 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/how-worm-could-yi… |
|
904 <dc:creator>Alison Gold | School of Science</dc:creator> |
|
905 <content:encoded><p>The naked eye can barely spot the transparen… |
|
906 |
|
907 <p>Gurrein works in the lab of Steven Flavell, the Lister Brothers… |
|
908 |
|
909 <p>Gurrein was recently named one of this year’s School of Scien… |
|
910 |
|
911 <p>Gurrein’s project specifically looks at the neurons that line… |
|
912 |
|
913 <p>“Currently, we are investigating what receptors expressed in … |
|
914 |
|
915 <p>Dysregulation of gut-brain signaling has been linked to psychia… |
|
916 |
|
917 <p>“Much of our understanding of the fundamental pathways that c… |
|
918 |
|
919 <p>Using MATLAB at nearly every step of her research — from data… |
|
920 |
|
921 <p>Gurrein grew up in Amritsar in northwest India. Early in high s… |
|
922 |
|
923 <p>“I really like the innovative aspect of a PhD,” Gurrein say… |
|
924 |
|
925 <p>Gurrein’s colleagues noticed her enthusiasm for scientific di… |
|
926 |
|
927 <p>“Gurrein has an enormous amount of drive and energy, always t… |
|
928 |
|
929 <p>“The general topic of how the gut is influencing the brain is… |
|
930 </content:encoded> |
|
931 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
932 <media:description type="plain">Brain and cognitive scienc… |
|
933 <media:credit>Photo: Steph Stevens</media:credit> |
|
934 </media:content> |
|
935 </item> |
|
936 <item> |
|
937 <title>Leveraging a 3D printer “defect” to create a new quasi-text… |
|
938 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/defextiles-leveraging-3d-printer-defec… |
|
939 <description>Tulle-like DefeXtiles can be 3D printed with no custom so… |
|
940 <pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2020 13:55:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
941 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/defextiles-levera… |
|
942 <dc:creator>Becky Ham | MIT Media Lab</dc:creator> |
|
943 <content:encoded><p>Sometimes 3D printers mess up. They extrude … |
|
944 |
|
945 <p>Introducing <a href="https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/defe… |
|
946 |
|
947 <p>Forman used a standard, inexpensive 3D printer to produce sheet… |
|
948 <p>Forman, who works in the Tangible Media research group with Pro… |
|
949 |
|
950 <p>“In general, what excites me most about this work is how imme… |
|
951 |
|
952 <p>“We envision that the materials of the future will be dynamic… |
|
953 |
|
954 <p>Joining Forman and Ishii on the project are Computer Science an… |
|
955 |
|
956 <p><strong>Filaments to fabric</strong></p> |
|
957 |
|
958 <p>Forman had been experimenting with 3D printing during the media… |
|
959 |
|
960 <p>“I brought a small&nbsp;sample to my class for show and t… |
|
961 |
|
962 <p>When a 3D printer under-extrudes material, it produces periodic… |
|
963 |
|
964 <p>“Not only are these textiles thinner and faster to print than… |
|
965 |
|
966 <p>The new textile can be sewn, de-pleated, and heat-bonded like a… |
|
967 |
|
968 <p>According to Scott&nbsp;Hudson, a professor&nbsp;at Car… |
|
969 |
|
970 <p>“This work is particularly important because it functions wit… |
|
971 |
|
972 <p><strong>Lab @home</strong></p> |
|
973 |
|
974 <p>When MIT closed down at the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, For… |
|
975 |
|
976 <p>“It’s not a lot of large equipment, but it’s lots of litt… |
|
977 |
|
978 <p>At the cabin, “I was able to hone in and focus on the&nbs… |
|
979 |
|
980 <p>It was an experience for his parents as well, who got to see hi… |
|
981 |
|
982 <p>“My parents became part of the act of creation, where I’d p… |
|
983 |
|
984 <p>One of the more unusual aspects of the project has been what to… |
|
985 |
|
986 <p>The experience reminds him of the famous René Magritte paintin… |
|
987 |
|
988 <p>“It makes me think about when the reference of the thing beco… |
|
989 </content:encoded> |
|
990 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
991 <media:description type="plain">In this deformation-sensin… |
|
992 <media:credit>Photo: Jack Forman</media:credit> |
|
993 </media:content> |
|
994 </item> |
|
995 <item> |
|
996 <title>Superconductor technology for smaller, sooner fusion</title> |
|
997 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/superconductor-technology-smaller-soon… |
|
998 <description>MIT-Commonwealth Fusion Systems demonstration of new supe… |
|
999 <pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2020 12:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1000 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/superconductor-te… |
|
1001 <dc:creator>Leda Zimmerman | Plasma Science and Fusion Center</d… |
|
1002 <content:encoded><p>Scientists have long sought to harness fusio… |
|
1003 |
|
1004 <p>A key technical challenge to realizing this vision, though, has… |
|
1005 |
|
1006 <p>Now a team led by MIT’s Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSF… |
|
1007 |
|
1008 <p>This development follows a recent boost to the high-field pathw… |
|
1009 |
|
1010 <p>“The cable technology for SPARC is an important piece of the … |
|
1011 |
|
1012 <p><strong>A super cable</strong></p> |
|
1013 |
|
1014 <p>The innovative technology described in the paper is a supercond… |
|
1015 |
|
1016 <p>“One of our advances was figuring out a way to solder the HTS… |
|
1017 |
|
1018 <p><strong>Resilient and robust</strong></p> |
|
1019 |
|
1020 <p>“The key thing we can do with VIPER cable is make a magnetic … |
|
1021 |
|
1022 <p>“In the development of high field magnets for fusion, HTS cab… |
|
1023 |
|
1024 <p>VIPER technology also presents a powerful approach to a particu… |
|
1025 |
|
1026 <p>“The rapid temperature rise can cause the magnet to potential… |
|
1027 |
|
1028 <p>The team incorporated two types of temperature-sensing fiber op… |
|
1029 |
|
1030 <p>Another key result was the successful incorporation of easily f… |
|
1031 |
|
1032 <p>Prestemon notes that the cable’s innovative architecture dire… |
|
1033 |
|
1034 <p>The 12 VIPER cables that Hartwig’s team built, running betwee… |
|
1035 |
|
1036 <p>“This unprecedented rate of HTS cable testing at SULTAN shows… |
|
1037 |
|
1038 <p>The SPARC team continues to improve VIPER cable and is moving o… |
|
1039 |
|
1040 <p>Funding for this research was provided by CFS.</p> |
|
1041 </content:encoded> |
|
1042 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1043 <media:description type="plain">The assembly designed for … |
|
1044 <media:credit>Photo: Jose Estrada/PSFC</media:credit> |
|
1045 </media:content> |
|
1046 </item> |
|
1047 <item> |
|
1048 <title>India’s culture of coping with cancer</title> |
|
1049 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/enduring-cancer-book-Banerjee-1007</li… |
|
1050 <description>Dwaipayan Banerjee’s new book examines the psychologica… |
|
1051 <pubDate>Wed, 07 Oct 2020 17:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1052 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/enduring-cancer-b… |
|
1053 <dc:creator>Peter Dizikes | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
|
1054 <content:encoded><p>When Dwaipayan Banerjee began studying the l… |
|
1055 |
|
1056 <p>Banerjee also learned, from a medical resident at a hospital, t… |
|
1057 |
|
1058 <p>“The commonplace use of the word ‘shak’ by families and p… |
|
1059 |
|
1060 <p>For many people, having cancer creates “a sense of being unmo… |
|
1061 |
|
1062 <p>In the book, “Enduring Cancer: Life, Death, and Diagnosis in … |
|
1063 |
|
1064 <p>“It’s not as if people aren’t very careful about how they… |
|
1065 |
|
1066 <p><strong>A more visible problem</strong></p> |
|
1067 |
|
1068 <p>Banerjee conducted much of the research for “Enduring Cancer�… |
|
1069 |
|
1070 <p>The services offered by CanSupport and AIIMS add a layer of car… |
|
1071 |
|
1072 <p>“I grew up in Delhi, and I had never heard of doctors and org… |
|
1073 |
|
1074 <p>To an extent, Banerjee observes, the presence of cancer had lon… |
|
1075 |
|
1076 <p>“The disease has been in India as long as it has been elsewhe… |
|
1077 |
|
1078 <p>Banerjee also notes how cancer treatment at AIIMS has expanded … |
|
1079 |
|
1080 <p>During his fieldwork, Banerjee closely observed how a cancer di… |
|
1081 |
|
1082 <p>“There is this way of distributing knowledge across families … |
|
1083 |
|
1084 <p>But Banjerjee also found gender differences at work in families… |
|
1085 |
|
1086 <p>“There are imbalances within families — who gets to be told… |
|
1087 |
|
1088 <p><strong>By the book</strong></p> |
|
1089 |
|
1090 <p>Even as patients avoid using the word “cancer” and may some… |
|
1091 |
|
1092 <p>“Of course they know,” he says. “They know through differ… |
|
1093 |
|
1094 <p>But as Banerjee discusses in multiple chapters, there are some … |
|
1095 |
|
1096 <p>“These books urge patients to be strong in the face of the di… |
|
1097 |
|
1098 <p>Consider some of the book’s titles: ‘The Joy of Cancer,” … |
|
1099 |
|
1100 <p>“Of course, I see the value of encouraging patients to be res… |
|
1101 |
|
1102 <p>“Enduring Cancer” has received praise from other scholars i… |
|
1103 |
|
1104 <p>For his part, Banerjee says he wants to help readers consider h… |
|
1105 |
|
1106 <p>“It’s not a battle that your psychological state got you in… |
|
1107 </content:encoded> |
|
1108 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1109 <media:description type="plain">MIT professor Dwaipayan Ba… |
|
1110 <media:credit>Photo: Jon Sachs/MIT SHASS Communications </… |
|
1111 </media:content> |
|
1112 </item> |
|
1113 <item> |
|
1114 <title>Stressed on the job? An AI teammate may know how to help</title> |
|
1115 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/stressed-job-ai-teammate-may-know-how-… |
|
1116 <description>Researchers are working toward intelligent machines that … |
|
1117 <pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2020 12:55:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1118 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/stressed-job-ai-t… |
|
1119 <dc:creator>Kylie Foy | MIT Lincoln Laboratory</dc:creator> |
|
1120 <content:encoded><p>Humans have been teaming up with machines th… |
|
1121 |
|
1122 <p>Much of the development of these human-machine teams focuses on… |
|
1123 |
|
1124 <p>"In the area of human-machine teaming, we often think about the… |
|
1125 |
|
1126 <p>Pietrucha is among a team of laboratory researchers that aims t… |
|
1127 |
|
1128 <p>"Throughout history, we see human error leading to mishaps, mis… |
|
1129 |
|
1130 <p>This vision has its roots in decades-long research at the labor… |
|
1131 |
|
1132 <p>In this work, the team will apply their biomarker research to A… |
|
1133 |
|
1134 <p>The first step will be to build a cognitive model of an individ… |
|
1135 |
|
1136 <p>Once this individualized baseline is established, the system ca… |
|
1137 |
|
1138 <p>"Building a model is hard. You know you got it right when it pr… |
|
1139 |
|
1140 <p>The possibilities for interventions are wide-ranging. On one en… |
|
1141 |
|
1142 <p>On the other end of the spectrum, the machine might take action… |
|
1143 |
|
1144 <p>Determining the most helpful intervention, and its effectivenes… |
|
1145 |
|
1146 <p>Beyond its use in combat aviation, the technology could benefit… |
|
1147 |
|
1148 <p>Today, the team is pursuing sponsorship to help develop the tec… |
|
1149 |
|
1150 <p>"We'll be working on a basis set of capabilities in the near te… |
|
1151 |
|
1152 <p>Such a capability may be key to advancing human-machine teams o… |
|
1153 </content:encoded> |
|
1154 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1155 <media:description type="plain">Lincoln Laboratory researc… |
|
1156 <media:credit>Image: Bryan Mastergeorge</media:credit> |
|
1157 </media:content> |
|
1158 </item> |
|
1159 <item> |
|
1160 <title>A step toward a universal flu vaccine</title> |
|
1161 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/universal-flu-vaccine-1007</link> |
|
1162 <description>With computer models and lab experiments, researchers are… |
|
1163 <pubDate>Wed, 07 Oct 2020 11:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1164 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/universal-flu-vac… |
|
1165 <dc:creator>Anne Trafton | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
|
1166 <content:encoded><p>Each year, the flu vaccine has to be redesig… |
|
1167 |
|
1168 <p>Researchers at MIT and the Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH, and Har… |
|
1169 |
|
1170 <p>The vaccine consists of nanoparticles coated with flu proteins … |
|
1171 |
|
1172 <p>“The reason we’re excited about this work is that it is a s… |
|
1173 |
|
1174 <p>Chakraborty and Daniel Lingwood, an assistant professor at Harv… |
|
1175 |
|
1176 <p><strong>Targeting flu</strong></p> |
|
1177 |
|
1178 <p>Most flu vaccines consist of inactivated flu viruses. These vir… |
|
1179 |
|
1180 <p>“We don't understand the complete picture yet, but for many r… |
|
1181 |
|
1182 <p>In their new study, the researchers set out to study why the im… |
|
1183 |
|
1184 <p>One factor that was already known to contribute to antibody pre… |
|
1185 |
|
1186 <p>The researchers developed a computational model that helped the… |
|
1187 |
|
1188 <p>The researchers explored the effects of geometry on immunodomin… |
|
1189 |
|
1190 <p>Each B cell has on its surface proteins called B cell receptors… |
|
1191 |
|
1192 <p>“As time goes on, after infection, the antibodies get better … |
|
1193 |
|
1194 <p>The researchers’ computer simulations of this process reveale… |
|
1195 |
|
1196 <p>The researchers also used their computer model to simulate this… |
|
1197 |
|
1198 <p><strong>Refocused immunity</strong></p> |
|
1199 |
|
1200 <p>The researchers also used their computational model to predict … |
|
1201 |
|
1202 <p>Using mice with human immune cells, the researchers tested this… |
|
1203 |
|
1204 <p>“We discovered that this particular event in our immune histo… |
|
1205 |
|
1206 <p>The research was funded by the National Institutes of Health, t… |
|
1207 </content:encoded> |
|
1208 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1209 <media:description type="plain">Researchers are working on… |
|
1210 <media:credit>Image: courtesy of the researchers, edited b… |
|
1211 </media:content> |
|
1212 </item> |
|
1213 <item> |
|
1214 <title>Learning by doing, remotely</title> |
|
1215 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/learning-by-doing-remotely-1019</link> |
|
1216 <description>Despite the disruption caused by the pandemic, MIT studen… |
|
1217 <pubDate>Mon, 19 Oct 2020 14:05:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1218 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/learning-by-doing… |
|
1219 <dc:creator>Elizabeth Durant | Office of the Vice Chancellor</dc… |
|
1220 <content:encoded><p>Experiential learning is alive and well at M… |
|
1221 |
|
1222 <p>Just ask Julian Zulueta, a sophomore in biological engineering.… |
|
1223 |
|
1224 <p>He applied — one of 60 candidates for two spots — and got t… |
|
1225 |
|
1226 <p>The internship was eye-opening, and it stoked his interest in e… |
|
1227 |
|
1228 <p>Zulueta’s experience is heartening to Kate Trimble, senior as… |
|
1229 |
|
1230 <p>The PKG Center newsletter that changed Zulueta’s trajectory w… |
|
1231 |
|
1232 <p>And, even better, those efforts served as a roadmap for rethink… |
|
1233 |
|
1234 <p><strong>Retooling the best laid plans</strong></… |
|
1235 |
|
1236 <p>Some students were able to extend or reconfigure in-person oppo… |
|
1237 |
|
1238 <p>“I do appreciate that I got a firsthand experience of what go… |
|
1239 |
|
1240 <p>Marisa Gaetz, a 2020 MIT graduate who is staying on to pursue a… |
|
1241 |
|
1242 <p>Before the pandemic, she was planning to help facilitate a summ… |
|
1243 |
|
1244 <p>“Even though many experiences have to be remote right now, Co… |
|
1245 |
|
1246 <p>Sophomore Catherine Lu is one of many participants in MIT Inter… |
|
1247 |
|
1248 <p>“Through this virtual reality world, we are able to expand ev… |
|
1249 |
|
1250 <p><strong>Seizing a singular opportunity</strong><… |
|
1251 |
|
1252 <p>For juniors Carlos Mercado-Lara and Evan Gwozdz, shifting gears… |
|
1253 |
|
1254 <p>Once Mercado-Lara found out that his MISTI-France program was c… |
|
1255 |
|
1256 <p>“That was great, because it was our first time working intern… |
|
1257 |
|
1258 <p>Gwozdz ditched his plans to find an internship in March, since … |
|
1259 |
|
1260 <p>Since he couldn’t physically be in the lab, he focused on lea… |
|
1261 |
|
1262 <p><strong>Expanding ELOs to all undergraduates</strong&g… |
|
1263 |
|
1264 <p>The experiences that Zulueta, Nyeo, Gaetz, Lu, Mercado-Lara, an… |
|
1265 |
|
1266 <p>“The all-remote summer allowed some students to think outside… |
|
1267 |
|
1268 <p>At the same time, Trimble notes, OEL and other offices learned … |
|
1269 |
|
1270 <p>To that end, MIT is guaranteeing all undergraduates a paid expe… |
|
1271 </content:encoded> |
|
1272 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1273 <media:description type="plain">Clockwise from top left: M… |
|
1274 </media:content> |
|
1275 </item> |
|
1276 <item> |
|
1277 <title>Turning diamond into metal</title> |
|
1278 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/diamond-metal-conductor-1005</link> |
|
1279 <description>Normally an insulator, diamond becomes a metallic conduct… |
|
1280 <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2020 15:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1281 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/diamond-metal-con… |
|
1282 <dc:creator>David L. Chandler | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
|
1283 <content:encoded><p>Long known as the hardest of all natural mat… |
|
1284 |
|
1285 <p>The research, though still at an early proof-of-concept stage, … |
|
1286 |
|
1287 <p>Their findings, which are based on simulations, calculations, a… |
|
1288 |
|
1289 <p>The team used a combination of quantum mechanical calculations,… |
|
1290 |
|
1291 <p>The concept of straining a semiconductor material such as silic… |
|
1292 |
|
1293 <p>In a major advance in 2018, a team led by Suresh, Dao, and Yang… |
|
1294 |
|
1295 <p>Key to this work is a property known as <a href="https://new… |
|
1296 |
|
1297 <p>“We found that it’s possible to reduce the bandgap from 5.6… |
|
1298 |
|
1299 <p>“The ability to engineer and design electrical conductivity i… |
|
1300 |
|
1301 <p>So, for example, a single tiny piece of diamond, bent so that i… |
|
1302 |
|
1303 <p>One constraint, which required not only the right amount of str… |
|
1304 |
|
1305 <p>The process can also make diamond into two types of semiconduct… |
|
1306 |
|
1307 <p>The process could be relevant for a wide variety of potential a… |
|
1308 |
|
1309 <p>But given the great variety of conditions made possible by the … |
|
1310 |
|
1311 <p>This early-stage proof-of-concept work is not yet at the point … |
|
1312 |
|
1313 <p>The work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research.<… |
|
1314 </content:encoded> |
|
1315 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1316 <media:description type="plain">Researchers have discovere… |
|
1317 <media:credit>Image: MIT News</media:credit> |
|
1318 </media:content> |
|
1319 </item> |
|
1320 <item> |
|
1321 <title>Fotini Christia named director of the Sociotechnical Systems Re… |
|
1322 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/fotini-christia-named-director-sociote… |
|
1323 <description>Political science professor will spearhead the Institute�… |
|
1324 <pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2020 15:40:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1325 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/fotini-christia-n… |
|
1326 <dc:creator>Terri Park | MIT Schwarzman College of Computing</dc… |
|
1327 <content:encoded><p>Professor <a href="http://fotini.mit.edu/… |
|
1328 |
|
1329 <p>A professor in the Department of Political Science, Christia st… |
|
1330 |
|
1331 <p>Christia succeeds Ali Jadbabaie, the JR East Professor of Engin… |
|
1332 |
|
1333 <p>“Fotini’s breadth as a social scientist, on-the-ground appr… |
|
1334 |
|
1335 <p>Christia’s research interests deal with the political economy… |
|
1336 |
|
1337 <p>She is the author of “Alliance Formation in Civil War” (Cam… |
|
1338 |
|
1339 <p>Her research has also appeared in<em> Science</em>,… |
|
1340 |
|
1341 <p>A native of Greece, where she grew up in the port city of Salon… |
|
1342 </content:encoded> |
|
1343 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1344 <media:description type="plain">Fotini Chrisita, MIT profe… |
|
1345 <media:credit>Photo: MIT Political Science</media:credit> |
|
1346 </media:content> |
|
1347 </item> |
|
1348 <item> |
|
1349 <title>Nanoparticles can turn off genes in bone marrow cells</title> |
|
1350 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/nanoparticles-bone-marrow-rnai-1005</l… |
|
1351 <description>Using these new particles, researchers could develop trea… |
|
1352 <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2020 11:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1353 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/nanoparticles-bon… |
|
1354 <dc:creator>Anne Trafton | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
|
1355 <content:encoded><p>Using specialized nanoparticles, MIT enginee… |
|
1356 |
|
1357 <p>This type of genetic therapy, known as RNA interference, is usu… |
|
1358 |
|
1359 <p>“If we can get these particles to hit other organs of interes… |
|
1360 |
|
1361 <p>In a study of mice, the researchers showed that they could use … |
|
1362 |
|
1363 <p>Marvin Krohn-Grimberghe, a cardiologist at the Freiburg Univers… |
|
1364 |
|
1365 <p><strong>Targeting the bone marrow</strong></p> |
|
1366 |
|
1367 <p>RNA interference is a strategy that could potentially be used t… |
|
1368 |
|
1369 <p>Anderson’s lab, working with MIT Institute Professor Robert L… |
|
1370 |
|
1371 <p>“RNA nanoparticles are currently FDA-approved as a liver-targ… |
|
1372 |
|
1373 <p>In the new study, the researchers set out to adapt the particle… |
|
1374 |
|
1375 <p>“If we could develop technologies that could control cellular… |
|
1376 |
|
1377 <p>The researchers began with the particles they had previously us… |
|
1378 |
|
1379 <p>The researchers tested this approach with two genes that they b… |
|
1380 |
|
1381 <p>“If you have a way to knock down SDF1, you can cause the rele… |
|
1382 |
|
1383 <p>The researchers showed that when they used their nanoparticles … |
|
1384 |
|
1385 <p>“We are very excited about the latest results,” says Langer… |
|
1386 |
|
1387 <p><strong>Combatting heart disease</strong></p> |
|
1388 |
|
1389 <p>The second gene that the researchers targeted for knockdown is … |
|
1390 |
|
1391 <p>In a study of mice, the researchers found that delivering RNA t… |
|
1392 |
|
1393 <p>“We now know that immune cells play such a key role in the pr… |
|
1394 |
|
1395 <p>At his lab at the University of Pennsylvania, Mitchell is now w… |
|
1396 |
|
1397 <p>The research was funded in part by the National Institutes of H… |
|
1398 </content:encoded> |
|
1399 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1400 <media:description type="plain">MIT researchers have shown… |
|
1401 <media:credit>Image courtesy of the researchers</media:cre… |
|
1402 </media:content> |
|
1403 </item> |
|
1404 <item> |
|
1405 <title>Neuroscientists discover a molecular mechanism that allows memo… |
|
1406 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/engram-memories-form-1005</link> |
|
1407 <description>Modifications to chromosomes in “engram” neurons cont… |
|
1408 <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2020 11:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1409 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/engram-memories-f… |
|
1410 <dc:creator>Anne Trafton | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
|
1411 <content:encoded><p>When the brain forms a memory of a new exper… |
|
1412 |
|
1413 <p>This remodeling, which allows specific genes involved in storin… |
|
1414 |
|
1415 <p>“This paper is the first to really reveal this very mysteriou… |
|
1416 |
|
1417 <p>Asaf Marco, an MIT postdoc, is the lead author of the paper, wh… |
|
1418 |
|
1419 <p><strong>Epigenomic control</strong></p> |
|
1420 |
|
1421 <p>Engram cells are found in the hippocampus as well as other part… |
|
1422 |
|
1423 <p>Neuroscientists know that in the very first stage of memory for… |
|
1424 |
|
1425 <p>“The formation and preservation of memory is a very delicate … |
|
1426 |
|
1427 <p>Tsai and Marco hypothesized that these waves could be controlle… |
|
1428 |
|
1429 <p>To study epigenomic changes that occur in individual engram cel… |
|
1430 |
|
1431 <p>“Then we can track those neurons forever, and we can sort the… |
|
1432 |
|
1433 <p>At the very first stage, right after a memory is formed, the re… |
|
1434 |
|
1435 <p>The researchers then analyzed engram cells five days after memo… |
|
1436 |
|
1437 <p>Next, the researchers placed some of the mice back into the cha… |
|
1438 |
|
1439 <p>Many of the genes turned on during memory recall are involved i… |
|
1440 |
|
1441 <p><strong>Primed for expression</strong></p> |
|
1442 |
|
1443 <p>The study is the first to show that memory formation is driven … |
|
1444 |
|
1445 <p>“This is the first work that shows on the molecular level how… |
|
1446 |
|
1447 <p>The researchers did not explore how long these epigenomic modif… |
|
1448 |
|
1449 <p>The research was funded by the JBP Foundation and the Alzheimer… |
|
1450 </content:encoded> |
|
1451 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1452 <media:description type="plain">A new MIT study reveals th… |
|
1453 <media:credit>Courtesy of the researchers </media:credit> |
|
1454 </media:content> |
|
1455 </item> |
|
1456 <item> |
|
1457 <title>How we make moral decisions</title> |
|
1458 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/moral-decisions-universalization-1002<… |
|
1459 <description>In some situations, asking “what if everyone did that?�… |
|
1460 <pubDate>Fri, 02 Oct 2020 16:22:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1461 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/moral-decisions-u… |
|
1462 <dc:creator>Anne Trafton | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
|
1463 <content:encoded><p>Imagine that one day you’re riding the tra… |
|
1464 |
|
1465 <p>Moral philosophers have long believed this type of reasoning, k… |
|
1466 |
|
1467 <p>In a study of several hundred people, MIT and Harvard Universit… |
|
1468 |
|
1469 <p>“This mechanism seems to be a way that we spontaneously can f… |
|
1470 |
|
1471 <p>Other authors of the study are Max Kleiman-Weiner, a postdoc at… |
|
1472 |
|
1473 <p><strong>Judging morality</strong></p> |
|
1474 |
|
1475 <p>The concept of universalization has been included in philosophi… |
|
1476 |
|
1477 <p>To explore those questions, the MIT/Harvard team asked particip… |
|
1478 |
|
1479 <p>The researchers found that many subjects did use universalizati… |
|
1480 |
|
1481 <p>To tease out the impact of those factors, the researchers creat… |
|
1482 |
|
1483 <p>The researchers also found that they could use their data to cr… |
|
1484 |
|
1485 <p>In their last set of studies, the researchers created scenarios… |
|
1486 |
|
1487 <p>The researchers found that most of the children deemed it wrong… |
|
1488 |
|
1489 <p>“What's interesting about this is we discovered that if you s… |
|
1490 |
|
1491 <p>In future studies, the researchers hope to explore how and when… |
|
1492 |
|
1493 <p><strong>Collective action</strong></p> |
|
1494 |
|
1495 <p>In the real world, there are many instances where universalizat… |
|
1496 |
|
1497 <p>“There are a lot of collective action problems in our world t… |
|
1498 |
|
1499 <p>However, universalization can still be useful in situations tha… |
|
1500 |
|
1501 <p>The researchers now hope to explore the reasons why people some… |
|
1502 |
|
1503 <p>The research was funded by the John Templeton Foundation, the T… |
|
1504 </content:encoded> |
|
1505 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1506 <media:description type="plain">Researchers at MIT and Har… |
|
1507 <media:credit>Image: iStock illustration edited by MIT New… |
|
1508 </media:content> |
|
1509 </item> |
|
1510 <item> |
|
1511 <title>The real promise of synthetic data </title> |
|
1512 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/real-promise-synthetic-data-1016</link> |
|
1513 <description>MIT researchers release the Synthetic Data Vault, a set o… |
|
1514 <pubDate>Fri, 16 Oct 2020 12:10:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1515 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/real-promise-synt… |
|
1516 <dc:creator>Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems</dc:… |
|
1517 <content:encoded><p>Each year, the world generates more data tha… |
|
1518 |
|
1519 <p>But just because data are proliferating doesn't mean everyone c… |
|
1520 |
|
1521 <p>Without access to data, it's hard to make tools that actually w… |
|
1522 |
|
1523 <p>Synthetic data is a bit like diet soda. To be effective, it has… |
|
1524 |
|
1525 <p>But — just as diet soda should have fewer calories than the r… |
|
1526 |
|
1527 <p>Threading this needle is tricky. After years of work, Veeramach… |
|
1528 |
|
1529 <p><strong>Maximizing access while maintaining privacy</s… |
|
1530 |
|
1531 <p>Veeramachaneni and his team first tried to create synthetic dat… |
|
1532 |
|
1533 <p>This is a common scenario. Imagine you're a software developer … |
|
1534 |
|
1535 <p>Most developers in this situation will make “a very simplisti… |
|
1536 |
|
1537 <p>High-quality synthetic data — as complex as what it's meant t… |
|
1538 |
|
1539 <p><strong>Perfecting the formula — and handling constrain… |
|
1540 |
|
1541 <p>Back in 2013, Veeramachaneni's team gave themselves two weeks t… |
|
1542 |
|
1543 <p>In 2016, the team completed an algorithm that accurately captur… |
|
1544 |
|
1545 <p>For the next go-around, the team reached deep into the machine … |
|
1546 |
|
1547 <p>“Eventually, the generator can generate perfect [data], and t… |
|
1548 |
|
1549 <p>Statistical similarity is crucial. But depending on what they r… |
|
1550 |
|
1551 <p>Large datasets may contain a number of different relationships … |
|
1552 |
|
1553 <p>Such precise data could aid companies and organizations in many… |
|
1554 |
|
1555 <p><strong>One vault to rule them all</strong></p&g… |
|
1556 |
|
1557 <p>The Synthetic Data Vault combines everything the group has buil… |
|
1558 |
|
1559 <p>The vault is open-source and expandable. “There are a whole l… |
|
1560 |
|
1561 <p>As use cases continue to come up, more tools will be developed … |
|
1562 </content:encoded> |
|
1563 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1564 <media:description type="plain">After years of work, MIT's… |
|
1565 <media:credit>Image: Arash Akhgari</media:credit> |
|
1566 </media:content> |
|
1567 </item> |
|
1568 <item> |
|
1569 <title>Finding patterns in the noise</title> |
|
1570 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/finding-patterns-noise-sean-liu-1014</… |
|
1571 <description>Using novel computational approaches, graduate student Se… |
|
1572 <pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2020 15:15:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1573 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/finding-patterns-… |
|
1574 <dc:creator>Leda Zimmerman | Department of Political Science</dc… |
|
1575 <content:encoded><p>When social scientists administer surveys an… |
|
1576 |
|
1577 <p>“I have designed a tool for reducing measurement errors when … |
|
1578 |
|
1579 <p>Liu’s work on this computational tool earned the Best Graduat… |
|
1580 |
|
1581 <p><strong>Fast start</strong></p> |
|
1582 |
|
1583 <p>After arriving at MIT in 2015 from Peking University with under… |
|
1584 |
|
1585 <p>“She was writing about public support for authoritarian regim… |
|
1586 |
|
1587 <p>Liu visited China twice, and with MIT colleagues and local Chin… |
|
1588 |
|
1589 <p>Some political science theories suggest that punishing corrupti… |
|
1590 |
|
1591 <p>“By leveraging new surveying methods, I was able to show that… |
|
1592 |
|
1593 <p>Liu, who co-authored a forthcoming paper with Tsai on the popul… |
|
1594 |
|
1595 <p>“When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1989, people thought demo… |
|
1596 |
|
1597 <p><strong>Statistics for social sciences</strong><… |
|
1598 |
|
1599 <p>Liu was born and grew up in Shanghai, the son of a businessman … |
|
1600 |
|
1601 <p>After Liu’s stellar results in China’s high-pressure colleg… |
|
1602 |
|
1603 <p>By the end of college, says Liu, “I realized I wanted a caree… |
|
1604 |
|
1605 <p>Liu’s decision to study abroad coincided with a more open tim… |
|
1606 |
|
1607 <p><strong>Cleaning up messy data</strong></p> |
|
1608 |
|
1609 <p>At MIT, Liu was drawn to the <a href="https://polisci.mit.ed… |
|
1610 |
|
1611 <p>Liu turned toward the problem of clearing up statistical noise … |
|
1612 |
|
1613 <p>Liu embarked upon developing a statistical program that can ide… |
|
1614 |
|
1615 <p>Liu believes this tool could prove useful to many social scient… |
|
1616 |
|
1617 <p><strong>Forward through the pandemic</strong></p… |
|
1618 |
|
1619 <p>Since departing Cambridge in March due to the Covid-19 pandemic… |
|
1620 |
|
1621 <p>But there are consolations to being home, including ample suppo… |
|
1622 </content:encoded> |
|
1623 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1624 <media:description type="plain">Through statistical method… |
|
1625 <media:credit>Photo: Cindy Zhao</media:credit> |
|
1626 </media:content> |
|
1627 </item> |
|
1628 <item> |
|
1629 <title>Antarctic sea ice may not cap carbon emissions as much as previ… |
|
1630 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/antarctic-ice-carbon-emissions-1001</l… |
|
1631 <description>Study suggests sea ice blocks the flow of carbon both int… |
|
1632 <pubDate>Thu, 01 Oct 2020 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1633 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/antarctic-ice-car… |
|
1634 <dc:creator>Jennifer Chu | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
|
1635 <content:encoded><p>The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica is… |
|
1636 |
|
1637 <p>However, researchers at MIT have now identified a counteracting… |
|
1638 |
|
1639 <p>In a study published in the August issue of the journal <em&… |
|
1640 |
|
1641 <p>The researchers found that when sea ice blocks sunlight, biolog… |
|
1642 |
|
1643 <p>“In terms of future climate change, the expected loss of sea … |
|
1644 |
|
1645 <p>He emphasizes that sea ice does have other effects on the globa… |
|
1646 |
|
1647 <p>“When the Earth warms up, it loses sea ice and absorbs more o… |
|
1648 |
|
1649 <p>Gupta’s coauthors are EAPS Professor Michael “Mick” Follo… |
|
1650 |
|
1651 <p><strong>The role of ice</strong></p> |
|
1652 |
|
1653 <p>Each winter, wide swaths of the Southern Ocean freeze over, for… |
|
1654 |
|
1655 <p>“This theory is mostly thought of in the context of ice ages,… |
|
1656 |
|
1657 <p>Gupta and his colleagues wondered whether an effect other than … |
|
1658 |
|
1659 <p><strong>Equal and opposite</strong></p> |
|
1660 |
|
1661 <p>To answer that question, the researchers used the MITgcm, a glo… |
|
1662 |
|
1663 <p>“At 100 percent concentration, there are no leaks in the ice,… |
|
1664 |
|
1665 <p>They set each simulation to one of three scenarios: one where o… |
|
1666 |
|
1667 <p>For every simulation, the researchers observed how the conditio… |
|
1668 |
|
1669 <p>They found that capping and shading had opposite effects on the… |
|
1670 |
|
1671 <p>The results suggest that Antarctic sea ice may effectively trap… |
|
1672 |
|
1673 <p>“If one just considered the physics and the pure capping, or … |
|
1674 |
|
1675 <p>This research was supported in part by the U.S. National Scienc… |
|
1676 </content:encoded> |
|
1677 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1678 <media:description type="plain">The prevailing theory has … |
|
1679 </media:content> |
|
1680 </item> |
|
1681 <item> |
|
1682 <title>Validating the physics behind the new MIT-designed fusion exper… |
|
1683 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/physics-fusion-studies-0929</link> |
|
1684 <description>Seven studies describe progress thus far and challenges a… |
|
1685 <pubDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2020 09:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1686 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/physics-fusion-st… |
|
1687 <dc:creator>David L. Chandler | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
|
1688 <content:encoded><p>Two and a half years ago, MIT entered into a… |
|
1689 |
|
1690 <p>Now, after many months of intensive research and engineering wo… |
|
1691 |
|
1692 <p>Overall, says Martin Greenwald, deputy director of MIT’s Plas… |
|
1693 |
|
1694 <p>Greenwald wrote the introduction for a set of seven research pa… |
|
1695 |
|
1696 <p>SPARC is planned to be the first experimental device ever to ac… |
|
1697 |
|
1698 <p>Such fusion power plants might significantly reduce greenhouse … |
|
1699 |
|
1700 <p>"The MIT group is pursuing a very compelling approach to fusion… |
|
1701 |
|
1702 <p>The SPARC design, though about twice the size as MIT’s now-re… |
|
1703 |
|
1704 <p>The SPARC project was launched in early 2018, and work on its f… |
|
1705 |
|
1706 <p>The papers also describe the use of calculations and simulation… |
|
1707 |
|
1708 <p>The analysis done so far shows that the planned fusion energy o… |
|
1709 |
|
1710 <p>The calculations at this point show that SPARC could actually a… |
|
1711 |
|
1712 <p>Limitations imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic slowed progress a … |
|
1713 |
|
1714 <p>Overall, “we’re still aiming for a start of construction in… |
|
1715 |
|
1716 <p>Many of the fine details are still being worked out on the mach… |
|
1717 |
|
1718 <p>So far, there have been only minor changes to the overall desig… |
|
1719 |
|
1720 <p>The publication of this special issue of the journal, he says, … |
|
1721 |
|
1722 <p>Greenwald says there is still much to be learned about the phys… |
|
1723 |
|
1724 <p>The details of the burning plasma “are really novel and impor… |
|
1725 |
|
1726 <p>"The analysis presented in these papers will provide the world-… |
|
1727 |
|
1728 <p>Overall, Greenwald says, the work that has gone into the analys… |
|
1729 </content:encoded> |
|
1730 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1731 <media:description type="plain">This image shows a cutaway… |
|
1732 <media:credit>Image: CFS/MIT-PSFC — CAD Rendering by T. … |
|
1733 </media:content> |
|
1734 </item> |
|
1735 <item> |
|
1736 <title>Less scatterbrained scatterplots</title> |
|
1737 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/less-scatterbrained-scatterplots-1007<… |
|
1738 <description>Large datasets are difficult to depict as scatterplots �… |
|
1739 <pubDate>Wed, 07 Oct 2020 14:30:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1740 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/less-scatterbrain… |
|
1741 <dc:creator>Adam Conner-Simons | MIT CSAIL</dc:creator> |
|
1742 <content:encoded><p>Scatterplots. You might not know them by nam… |
|
1743 |
|
1744 <p>By depicting data as a mass of points across two axes, scatterp… |
|
1745 |
|
1746 <p>Researchers from MIT’s <a href="https://www.csail.mit.edu/… |
|
1747 <p>Called “Kyrix-S,” the system has an interface that allows u… |
|
1748 |
|
1749 <p>Users can produce a scatterplot by just writing a few dozen lin… |
|
1750 |
|
1751 <p>Lead developer Wenbo Tao, a PhD student at MIT CSAIL, gives the… |
|
1752 <p>“In these scatterplots, you are able to see overall trends an… |
|
1753 |
|
1754 <p>In contrast, Kyrix-S can produce a version (below) that puts da… |
|
1755 |
|
1756 <p>Kyrix-S is currently being used by <a href="https://www.vldb… |
|
1757 |
|
1758 <p>Moving forward, the researchers will be adapting Kyrix-S to wor… |
|
1759 |
|
1760 <p>Tao wrote a paper about Kyrix-S alongside MIT Adjunct Professor… |
|
1761 </content:encoded> |
|
1762 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1763 <media:description type="plain">The Kyrix-S system develop… |
|
1764 <media:credit>Image courtesy of the researchers.</media:cr… |
|
1765 </media:content> |
|
1766 </item> |
|
1767 <item> |
|
1768 <title>3 Questions: Anat Biletzki on the Human Rights and Technology F… |
|
1769 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/3-questions-anat-biletzki-human-rights… |
|
1770 <description>Designed for students, the program explores on a grand sc… |
|
1771 <pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2020 12:40:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1772 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/3-questions-anat-… |
|
1773 <dc:creator>Center for International Studies</dc:creator> |
|
1774 <content:encoded><p><em>MIT Center for International Studi… |
|
1775 |
|
1776 <p><em>Biletzki is a founding co-director of the CIS&nbs… |
|
1777 |
|
1778 <p><strong>Q: </strong>Can you tell us about the work … |
|
1779 |
|
1780 <p><strong>A: </strong>The program is invested in teac… |
|
1781 |
|
1782 <p>When thinking of a human rights program at CIS, John Tirman [ex… |
|
1783 |
|
1784 <p>Tirman and I co-direct the program, and each fall we send out a… |
|
1785 |
|
1786 <p>One student was working on the use of technology in monitoring … |
|
1787 |
|
1788 <p><strong>Q: </strong>What sort of adaptations has th… |
|
1789 |
|
1790 <p><strong>A: </strong>On a very mundane, technical le… |
|
1791 |
|
1792 <p>More significant was the fact that a few projects involved trav… |
|
1793 |
|
1794 <p>Clearly, the 2019-20 cohort had to make their changes and “de… |
|
1795 |
|
1796 <p><strong>Q: </strong>How do you hope the program wil… |
|
1797 |
|
1798 <p><strong>A: </strong>Of course, we’d like it to gr… |
|
1799 |
|
1800 <p>On a less concrete level, I want the program to be asking deepe… |
|
1801 |
|
1802 <p>What we are seeing, and what gives me great hope that the progr… |
|
1803 </content:encoded> |
|
1804 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
1805 <media:description type="plain">"What we are seeing, and w… |
|
1806 <media:credit>Photo courtesy Anat Biletzki.</media:credit> |
|
1807 </media:content> |
|
1808 </item> |
|
1809 <item> |
|
1810 <title>Scientists uncover new clues about Parkinson’s disease</title> |
|
1811 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/scientists-uncover-new-clues-about-par… |
|
1812 <description>Tool developed at MIT simultaneously measures chemical an… |
|
1813 <pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2020 11:50:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
1814 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/scientists-uncove… |
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1815 <dc:creator>Jennifer Michalowski | McGovern Institute for Brain … |
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1816 <content:encoded><p>As the brain processes information, electric… |
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1817 |
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1818 <p>Neuroscientists in <a href="https://mcgovern.mit.edu/profile… |
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1819 |
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1820 <p>Schwerdt and colleagues in Graybiel’s lab have developed new … |
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1821 |
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1822 <p><strong>Complicated relationship</strong></p> |
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1823 |
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1824 <p>Graybiel’s team focused its attention on beta-band activity a… |
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1825 |
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1826 <p>When Schwerdt and colleagues examined these two types of signal… |
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1827 |
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1828 <p>They took these measurements as the monkeys performed a simple … |
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1829 |
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1830 <p>“What we expected is there in the overall view, but if we jus… |
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1831 |
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1832 <p>The researchers say it’s important to investigate this more n… |
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1833 |
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1834 <p>Joining Graybiel and Schwerdt on the study are Michael Cima, th… |
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1835 |
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1836 <p>This study was supported by the National Institute of Biomedica… |
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1837 </content:encoded> |
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1838 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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1839 <media:description type="plain">Helen Schwerdt, a postdoc … |
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1840 <media:credit>Photo: Michael D. Spencer</media:credit> |
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1841 </media:content> |
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1842 </item> |
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1843 <item> |
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1844 <title>Anticipating heart failure with machine learning</title> |
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1845 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/anticipating-heart-failure-machine-lea… |
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1846 <description>Many health issues are tied to excess fluid in the lungs.… |
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1847 <pubDate>Thu, 01 Oct 2020 14:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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1848 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/anticipating-hear… |
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1849 <dc:creator>Adam Conner-Simons | MIT CSAIL</dc:creator> |
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1850 <content:encoded><p>Every year, roughly one out of eight U.S. de… |
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1851 |
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1852 <p>A patient’s exact level of excess fluid often dictates the do… |
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1853 |
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1854 <p>To better handle that kind of nuance, a group led by researcher… |
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1855 |
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1856 <p>Working with <a href="https://www.bidmc.org/">Beth Israel… |
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1857 |
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1858 <p>“This project is meant to augment doctors’ workflow by prov… |
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1859 |
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1860 <p>The team says that better edema diagnosis would help doctors ma… |
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1861 |
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1862 <p>As part of a separate journal article, Liao and colleagues also… |
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1863 |
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1864 <p>An important aspect of the system is that it was trained not ju… |
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1865 |
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1866 <p>“By learning the association between images and their corresp… |
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1867 |
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1868 <p>Chauhan’s efforts focused on helping the system make sense of… |
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1869 |
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1870 <p>“Our model can turn both images and text into compact numeric… |
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1871 |
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1872 <p>On top of that, the team’s system was also able to “explain… |
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1873 |
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1874 <p>“These correlations will be valuable for improving search thr… |
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1875 |
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1876 <p>Chauhan, Golland, Liao and Szolovits co-wrote the paper with MI… |
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1877 |
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1878 <p>The work was supported in part by the MIT Deshpande Center for … |
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1879 </content:encoded> |
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1880 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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1881 <media:description type="plain">It can be difficult for cl… |
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1882 <media:credit>Image: James Heilman/Creative Commons</media… |
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1883 </media:content> |
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1884 </item> |
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1885 <item> |
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1886 <title>J-PAL North America launches MIT Roybal Center for Translationa… |
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1887 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/j-pal-north-america-launches-mit-royba… |
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1888 <description>Center will work with affiliated researchers to test low-… |
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1889 <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2020 15:30:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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1890 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/j-pal-north-ameri… |
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1891 <dc:creator>J-PAL North America</dc:creator> |
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1892 <content:encoded><p>With support from the National Institute on … |
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1893 |
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1894 <p>According to the <a href="https://www.ncoa.org/news/resource… |
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1895 |
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1896 <p>However, these challenges are not insurmountable and can be eff… |
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1897 |
|
1898 <p>To fill this knowledge gap, the MIT Roybal Center will support … |
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1899 |
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1900 <p>“Over the last seven years, J-PAL North America’s health se… |
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1901 |
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1902 <p>As co-chairs, Finkelstein and Marcella Alsan, professor of publ… |
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1903 |
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1904 <p>“The center will be anchored by an interdisciplinary advisory… |
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1905 |
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1906 <p>One of 15 Roybal centers in&nbsp;the United States, the MIT… |
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1907 </content:encoded> |
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1908 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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1909 <media:description type="plain">Over 25 million Americans … |
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1910 </media:content> |
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1911 </item> |
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1912 <item> |
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1913 <title>New Semilab SE-2000 Spectroscopic Ellipsometer at MIT.nano</tit… |
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1914 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/semilab-se-2000-spectroscopic-ellipsom… |
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1915 <description>Instrument can provide information on various properties … |
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1916 <pubDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2020 13:45:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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1917 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/semilab-se-2000-s… |
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1918 <dc:creator>MIT.nano</dc:creator> |
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1919 <content:encoded><p>In nanofabrication, it is important to chara… |
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1920 |
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1921 <p>To expand thin-film measurement capabilities available to its r… |
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1922 |
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1923 <p>The Semilab ellipsometer will augment the MIT.nano clean room m… |
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1924 |
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1925 <p>“We’re delighted to add this tool to the growing set of ins… |
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1926 |
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1927 <p>With Microspot optics and an optical camera for region-of-inter… |
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1928 |
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1929 <p><a href="https://semilab.com/">Semilab</a> designs … |
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1930 |
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1931 <p>For more information about MIT.nano’s tools and instruments, … |
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1932 </content:encoded> |
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1933 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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1934 <media:description type="plain">MIT’s new Semilab SE-200… |
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1935 <media:credit>Photo courtesy of MIT.nano.</media:credit> |
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1936 </media:content> |
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1937 </item> |
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1938 <item> |
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1939 <title>Cancer researchers collaborate, target DNA damage repair pathwa… |
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1940 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/cancer-researchers-collaborate-target-… |
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1941 <description>MIT researchers find blocking the expression of the genes… |
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1942 <pubDate>Thu, 01 Oct 2020 15:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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1943 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/cancer-researcher… |
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1944 <dc:creator>Koch Institute</dc:creator> |
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1945 <content:encoded><p>Cancer therapies that target specific molecu… |
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1946 |
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1947 <p>Focused on understanding and targeting cell signaling in cancer… |
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1948 |
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1949 <p>Now, working with a team of fellow researchers at MIT’s Koch … |
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1950 |
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1951 <p>P53 serves two functions: first, to give cells time to repair D… |
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1952 |
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1953 <p>The Yaffe group reasoned that targeting MK2, which is only recr… |
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1954 |
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1955 <p>Although promising, MK2 has proven difficult to drug. Attempts … |
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1956 |
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1957 <p>Enter the potential of nanomaterials, and a team of nanotechnol… |
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1958 |
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1959 <p>Meanwhile, Kong had identified XPA, a key protein involved in a… |
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1960 |
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1961 <p>Kong and Dreaden tested these dual-targeted nanocomplexes again… |
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1962 |
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1963 <p>Tumors in mice treated with the dual-targeted nanocomplexes and… |
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1964 |
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1965 <p>Overall, these data demonstrate that identification and therape… |
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1966 |
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1967 <p>The nanocomplexes are modular and can be adapted to carry other… |
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1968 |
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1969 <p>Additional collaborations and contributions were made to this p… |
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1970 |
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1971 <p>This work was supported in part by a Mazumdar-Shaw Internationa… |
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1972 </content:encoded> |
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1973 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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1974 <media:description type="plain">Nanocomplexes could be use… |
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1975 <media:credit>Image courtesy of Erik C. Dreaden, Yi Wen Ko… |
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1976 </media:content> |
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1977 </item> |
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1978 <item> |
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1979 <title>MIT researchers highlight the impacts of logjams in river resto… |
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1980 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/mit-research-impacts-logjams-river-res… |
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1981 <description>New analysis can help scientists and engineers better ass… |
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1982 <pubDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2020 13:30:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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1983 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/mit-research-impa… |
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1984 <dc:creator>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering</d… |
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1985 <content:encoded><p>Researchers at MIT have modeled how engineer… |
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1986 |
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1987 <p>In a recent <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com… |
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1988 |
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1989 <p>“We’ve been missing a way to describe the physical mechanis… |
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1990 |
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1991 <p>The team hopes that the structural metrics will be useful for a… |
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1992 |
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1993 <p>“What I like most about the paper is that it brings together … |
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1994 |
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1995 <p>The findings could have significant implications for government… |
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1996 |
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1997 <p>“Flood risk and river restoration projects have attracted rec… |
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1998 </content:encoded> |
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1999 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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2000 <media:description type="plain">Researchers Elizabeth Foll… |
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2001 </media:content> |
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2002 </item> |
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2003 <item> |
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2004 <title>The Committee on Animal Care solicits feedback</title> |
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2005 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/committee-animal-care-solicits-feedbac… |
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2006 <description/> |
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2007 <pubDate>Fri, 02 Oct 2020 12:30:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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2008 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/committee-animal-… |
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2009 <dc:creator>MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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2010 <content:encoded><p>The Committee on Animal Care (CAC) and the M… |
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2011 &nbsp;<br /> |
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2012 Established to ensure that MIT researchers working with animals comply w… |
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2013 &nbsp;<br /> |
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2014 If you have concerns about animal welfare, please contact the Committee … |
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2015 |
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2016 <ul> |
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2017 <li>Vice president for research: 617-253-3206, [email protected]… |
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2018 <li>Director of the Division of Comparative Medicine or at… |
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2019 <li>CAC chair: 617-285-5156, [email protected]</li> |
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2020 </ul> |
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2021 |
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2022 <p>All concerns about animal welfare will remain confidential; the… |
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2023 </content:encoded> |
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2024 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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2025 </media:content> |
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2026 </item> |
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2027 <item> |
|
2028 <title>Astronomers discover an Earth-sized “pi planet” with a 3.14… |
|
2029 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/earth-sized-pi-planet-0921</link> |
|
2030 <description>The rocky world, with its baking-hot surface, is likely n… |
|
2031 <pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2020 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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2032 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/earth-sized-pi-pl… |
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2033 <dc:creator>Jennifer Chu | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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2034 <content:encoded><p>In a delightful alignment of astronomy and m… |
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2035 |
|
2036 <p>The researchers discovered signals of the planet in data taken … |
|
2037 |
|
2038 <p>“The planet moves like clockwork,” says Prajwal Niraula, a … |
|
2039 |
|
2040 <p>“Everyone needs a bit of fun these days,” says co-author Ju… |
|
2041 |
|
2042 <p><strong>Planet extraction</strong></p> |
|
2043 |
|
2044 <p>The new planet is labeled K2-315b; it’s the 315th planetary s… |
|
2045 |
|
2046 <p>The researchers estimate that K2-315b has a radius of 0.95 that… |
|
2047 |
|
2048 <p>While its mass is yet to be determined, scientists suspect that… |
|
2049 |
|
2050 <p>“This would be too hot to be habitable in the common understa… |
|
2051 |
|
2052 <p>“We now know we can mine and extract planets from archival da… |
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2053 |
|
2054 <p>Niraula and de Wit’s MIT co-authors include Benjamin Rackham … |
|
2055 |
|
2056 <p><strong>Dips in the data</strong></p> |
|
2057 |
|
2058 <p>The researchers are members of SPECULOOS, an acronym for The Se… |
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2059 |
|
2060 <p>The SPECULOOS telescopes are designed to search for Earth-like … |
|
2061 |
|
2062 <p>“These ultracool dwarfs are scattered all across the sky,” … |
|
2063 |
|
2064 <p>In particular, astronomers look at individual stars for signs o… |
|
2065 |
|
2066 <p>Earlier this year, Niraula came upon a cool dwarf, slightly war… |
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2067 |
|
2068 <p>Over several months in 2017, the Kepler telescope observed a pa… |
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2069 |
|
2070 <p>The team analyzed the signals, testing different potential astr… |
|
2071 |
|
2072 <p>The researchers then planned to get a closer look at the star a… |
|
2073 |
|
2074 <p>“Nailing down the best night to follow up from the ground is … |
|
2075 |
|
2076 <p>With Rackham’s forecasting algorithm, the group narrowed in o… |
|
2077 |
|
2078 <p>The researchers say the new pi planet may be a promising candid… |
|
2079 |
|
2080 <p>“There will be more interesting planets in the future, just i… |
|
2081 |
|
2082 <p>This research was supported in part by the Heising-Simons Found… |
|
2083 </content:encoded> |
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2084 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
2085 <media:description type="plain">Scientists at MIT and else… |
|
2086 <media:credit>Image credit: NASA Ames/JPL-Caltech/T. Pyle,… |
|
2087 </media:content> |
|
2088 </item> |
|
2089 <item> |
|
2090 <title>The wobbling shadow of the M87* black hole</title> |
|
2091 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/wobbling-shadow-m87-black-hole-0923</l… |
|
2092 <description>Analysis of Event Horizon Telescope observations from 200… |
|
2093 <pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2020 12:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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2094 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/wobbling-shadow-m… |
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2095 <dc:creator>Nancy Wolfe Kotary | MIT Haystack Observatory</dc:cr… |
|
2096 <content:encoded><p>In 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) C… |
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2097 |
|
2098 <p>The EHT is a global array of telescopes, performing synchronize… |
|
2099 |
|
2100 <p>Datasets for this research were fully correlated at MIT Haystac… |
|
2101 |
|
2102 <p>“This is a beautiful example of creative data analysis. Extra… |
|
2103 |
|
2104 <p>Expanding the analysis to the 2009–2017 observations, EHT sci… |
|
2105 |
|
2106 <p>“In this study, we show that the general morphology, or prese… |
|
2107 |
|
2108 <p>Although the crescent diameter remained consistent, the EHT tea… |
|
2109 |
|
2110 <p>The gas falling onto a black hole heats up to billions of degre… |
|
2111 |
|
2112 <p>“MIT Haystack Observatory was instrumental in organizing thes… |
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2113 |
|
2114 <p>Haystack scientist Geoff Crew adds, “After working on EHT tec… |
|
2115 </content:encoded> |
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2116 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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2117 <media:description type="plain">Snapshots of the M87* blac… |
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2118 <media:credit>Image courtesy of M. Wielgus, D. Pesce, and … |
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2119 </media:content> |
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2120 </item> |
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2121 <item> |
|
2122 <title>Engineers produce a fisheye lens that’s completely flat</titl… |
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2123 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/flat-fisheye-lens-0918</link> |
|
2124 <description>The single piece of glass produces crisp panoramic images… |
|
2125 <pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2020 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
2126 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/flat-fisheye-lens… |
|
2127 <dc:creator>Jennifer Chu | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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2128 <content:encoded><p>To capture panoramic views in a single shot,… |
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2129 |
|
2130 <p>Now engineers at MIT and the University of Massachusetts at Low… |
|
2131 |
|
2132 <p>In this case, the new fisheye lens consists of a single flat, m… |
|
2133 |
|
2134 <p>The new design could potentially be adapted for a range of appl… |
|
2135 |
|
2136 <p>“This design comes as somewhat of a surprise, because some ha… |
|
2137 |
|
2138 <p>This isn’t just light-bending — it’s mind-bending.”<… |
|
2139 |
|
2140 <p>Hu and his colleagues have published their results today in the… |
|
2141 <p><strong>Design on the back side</strong></p> |
|
2142 |
|
2143 <p>Metalenses, while still largely at an experimental stage, have … |
|
2144 |
|
2145 <p>Hu and his colleagues instead came up with a simple design that… |
|
2146 |
|
2147 <p>Each structure, or “meta-atom,” as the team refers to them,… |
|
2148 |
|
2149 <p>In conventional fisheye lenses, the curvature of the glass natu… |
|
2150 |
|
2151 <p>‘We’ve designed the back side structures in such a way that… |
|
2152 |
|
2153 <p>On the front side, the team placed an optical aperture, or open… |
|
2154 |
|
2155 <p>“When light comes in through this aperture, it will refract a… |
|
2156 |
|
2157 <p><strong>Across the panorama</strong></p> |
|
2158 |
|
2159 <p>In one demonstration, the new lens is tuned to operate in the m… |
|
2160 |
|
2161 <p>“It shows we can achieve perfect imaging performance across a… |
|
2162 |
|
2163 <p>In another study, the team designed the metalens to operate at … |
|
2164 |
|
2165 <p>“The key question was, does the lens cover the entire field o… |
|
2166 |
|
2167 <p>The team says the new lens can be adapted to other wavelengths … |
|
2168 |
|
2169 <p>The researchers are exploring applications for their new lens, … |
|
2170 |
|
2171 <p>“Currently, all 3D sensors have a limited field of view, whic… |
|
2172 |
|
2173 <p>This research was funded in part by DARPA under the EXTREME Pro… |
|
2174 </content:encoded> |
|
2175 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
2176 <media:description type="plain">3D artistic illustration o… |
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2177 <media:credit>Image: Mikhail Shalaginov, Tian Gu, Christin… |
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2178 </media:content> |
|
2179 </item> |
|
2180 <item> |
|
2181 <title>Helping robots avoid collisions</title> |
|
2182 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/realtime-robots-motion-0917</link> |
|
2183 <description>Realtime Robotics has created a controller that helps rob… |
|
2184 <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2020 15:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
|
2185 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/realtime-robots-m… |
|
2186 <dc:creator>Zach Winn | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
|
2187 <content:encoded><p>George Konidaris still remembers his dishear… |
|
2188 |
|
2189 <p>“When you’re a young student and you want to program a robo… |
|
2190 |
|
2191 <p>Most new roboticists want to program their robots to solve inte… |
|
2192 |
|
2193 <p>Fortunately, Konidaris is hopeful that future roboticists will … |
|
2194 |
|
2195 <p>The company has invented a solution that gives robots the abili… |
|
2196 |
|
2197 <p>“Our box simply runs the robot according to the customer’s … |
|
2198 |
|
2199 <p>Realtime’s key enabling technology is a unique circuit design… |
|
2200 |
|
2201 <p><strong>Helping robots get around</strong></p> |
|
2202 |
|
2203 <p>Konidaris was not the first person to get discouraged about the… |
|
2204 |
|
2205 <p>Humans take collision avoidance for granted. Konidaris points o… |
|
2206 |
|
2207 <p>“You actually need to compute more than one plan,” Konidari… |
|
2208 |
|
2209 <p>In robotics, the motion planning problem revolves around the co… |
|
2210 |
|
2211 <p>“People were trying to make algorithms smarter and more compl… |
|
2212 |
|
2213 <p>Konidaris left MIT in 2014 to join the faculty at Duke Universi… |
|
2214 |
|
2215 <p>“When I left MIT for Duke, one thing bugging me was this moti… |
|
2216 |
|
2217 <p>The researchers founded Realtime in 2016 and quickly brought on… |
|
2218 |
|
2219 <p>“I wanted to start the company in Boston because I knew MIT a… |
|
2220 |
|
2221 <p><strong>Removing robot restraints</strong></p> |
|
2222 |
|
2223 <p>Today the majority of Realtime’s customers are in the automot… |
|
2224 |
|
2225 <p>After customers purchase Realtime’s control box, they load in… |
|
2226 |
|
2227 <p>Once the robot is up and running, Realtime’s box controls its… |
|
2228 |
|
2229 <p>“You can use it for any robot,” Konidaris says. “You tell… |
|
2230 |
|
2231 <p>Realtime is part of MIT’s Industrial Liaison Program (ILP), w… |
|
2232 |
|
2233 <p>With a few large rollouts planned for the coming months, the Re… |
|
2234 |
|
2235 <p>“What I find most exciting about Realtime is that we are a tr… |
|
2236 </content:encoded> |
|
2237 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
|
2238 <media:description type="plain">The startup Realtime Robot… |
|
2239 <media:credit>Courtesy of Realtime Robotics</media:credit> |
|
2240 </media:content> |
|
2241 </item> |
|
2242 <item> |
|
2243 <title>Rapid test for Covid-19 shows improved sensitivity</title> |
|
2244 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/rapid-covid-19-test-0917</link> |
|
2245 <description>A CRISPR-based test developed at MIT and the Broad Instit… |
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2246 <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2020 11:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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2247 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/rapid-covid-19-te… |
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2248 <dc:creator>Anne Trafton | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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2249 <content:encoded><p>Since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, re… |
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2250 |
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2251 <p>The new test, known as STOPCovid, is still in the research stag… |
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2252 |
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2253 <p>“We need rapid testing to become part of the fabric of this s… |
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2254 |
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2255 <p>Abudayyah is one of the senior authors of the study, along with… |
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2256 <p><strong>A streamlined test</strong></p> |
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2257 |
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2258 <p>Zhang’s laboratory began collaborating with the Abudayyeh and… |
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2259 |
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2260 <p>“We developed STOPCovid so that everything could be done in a… |
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2261 |
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2262 <p>In the new version of STOPCovid reported today, the researchers… |
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2263 |
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2264 <p>“Once we got the viral genomes onto the beads, we found that … |
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2265 |
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2266 <p>Working with collaborators Keith Jerome at Fred Hutchinson Canc… |
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2267 |
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2268 <p>“Seeing STOPCovid working on actual patient samples was reall… |
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2269 |
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2270 <p>They also showed, working with Ann Woolley and Deb Hung at Brig… |
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2271 |
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2272 <p>“The goal is to make this test easy to use and sensitive, so … |
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2273 |
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2274 <p>The research was funded by the National Institutes of Health, t… |
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2275 </content:encoded> |
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2276 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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2277 <media:description type="plain">This scanning electron mic… |
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2278 <media:credit>Credit: NIAID</media:credit> |
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2279 </media:content> |
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2280 </item> |
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2281 <item> |
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2282 <title>Live imaging method brings structure to mapping brain function<… |
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2283 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/live-imaging-method-brings-structure-m… |
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2284 <description>Scientists distinguish brain regions based on what they d… |
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2285 <pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2020 14:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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2286 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/live-imaging-meth… |
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2287 <dc:creator>David Orenstein | Picower Institute for Learning and… |
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2288 <content:encoded><p>To understand the massive capabilities and c… |
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2289 |
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2290 <p>“Our study shows for the first time that structural and funct… |
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2291 |
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2292 <p>The technique could give scientists more precise ways to distin… |
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2293 |
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2294 <p>“There is something profound in the way that vision is repres… |
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2295 |
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2296 <p>To develop tools to help answer those questions, postdoc Murat … |
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2297 |
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2298 <p>In retinotopic mapping, researchers can identify functional reg… |
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2299 |
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2300 <p>Three-photon microscopy can finely resolve individual cells and… |
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2301 <p>Crucially, THG yields an important optical measure called effec… |
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2302 |
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2303 <p>In other words, by combining the retinotopic mapping with THG t… |
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2304 |
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2305 <p>“We would like to combine the strength of retinotopic mapping… |
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2306 |
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2307 <p>Especially as three-photon microscopy gains wider adoption and … |
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2308 |
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2309 <p>“This advance should enable similar studies of structural and… |
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2310 |
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2311 <p>In addition to Yildirim and Sur, the paper’s other authors ar… |
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2312 |
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2313 <p>The National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundat… |
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2314 </content:encoded> |
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2315 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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2316 <media:description type="plain">A distinct thicket of vess… |
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2317 <media:credit>Image: Murat Yildirim/Sur Lab</media:credit> |
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2318 </media:content> |
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2319 </item> |
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2320 <item> |
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2321 <title>Making tuberculosis more susceptible to antibiotics</title> |
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2322 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/tuberculosis-antibiotics-galactin-0916… |
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2323 <description>Shortening carbohydrates in the bacterial cell wall makes… |
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2324 <pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2020 14:00:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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2325 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/tuberculosis-anti… |
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2326 <dc:creator>Anne Trafton | MIT News Office</dc:creator> |
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2327 <content:encoded><p>Every living cell is coated with a distincti… |
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2328 |
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2329 <p>MIT chemists have now discovered that changing the length of th… |
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2330 |
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2331 <p>The findings suggest that drugs that interfere with galactan sy… |
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2332 |
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2333 <p>“There are a lot of TB strains that are resistant to the curr… |
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2334 |
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2335 <p>Former MIT graduate student Alexander Justen is the lead author… |
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2336 |
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2337 <p><strong>The long and short of it</strong></p> |
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2338 |
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2339 <p>Galactan, a polysaccharide, is a component of the cell wall of … |
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2340 |
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2341 <p>“What was so strange is that the galactan is about 30 sugar m… |
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2342 |
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2343 <p>That question led Kiessling and her research group to investiga… |
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2344 |
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2345 <p>As a result of this shortening, cells lost their usual shape an… |
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2346 |
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2347 <p>Truncating galactan also made the cells more susceptible to cer… |
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2348 |
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2349 <p>“This suggests that drugs that would lead to these truncated … |
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2350 |
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2351 <p>Her lab is currently working on developing drugs that could blo… |
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2352 |
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2353 <p><strong>Unexpected roles</strong></p> |
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2354 |
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2355 <p>Kiessling’s lab is also studying the question of why it is us… |
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2356 |
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2357 <p>If that hypothesis is confirmed, then drugs that interfere with… |
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2358 |
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2359 <p>Although the research may end up helping scientists to develop … |
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2360 |
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2361 <p>“The reason I like this paper is because while it does have i… |
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2362 |
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2363 <p>The research was funded by the National Institute of Allergy an… |
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2364 </content:encoded> |
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2365 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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2366 <media:description type="plain">MIT chemists have discover… |
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2367 <media:credit>Image: Jose-Luis Olivares, MIT. Tuberculosis… |
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2368 </media:content> |
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2369 </item> |
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2370 <item> |
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2371 <title>Provably exact artificial intelligence for nuclear and particle… |
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2372 <link>https://news.mit.edu/2020/provably-exact-artificial-intelligence… |
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2373 <description>MIT-led team uses AI and machine learning to explore fund… |
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2374 <pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2020 13:50:00 -0400</pubDate> |
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2375 <guid isPermaLink="true">https://news.mit.edu/2020/provably-exact-ar… |
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2376 <dc:creator>Sandi Miller | Department of Physics</dc:creator> |
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2377 <content:encoded><p>The Standard Model&nbsp;of particle phys… |
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2378 |
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2379 <p>Studying particle and&nbsp;nuclear physics within this fram… |
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2380 |
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2381 <p>“Ultimately,&nbsp;we are computationally limited in the s… |
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2382 |
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2383 <p>To push past these limitations, Shanahan leads a group that com… |
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2384 |
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2385 <p>“We are using machine learning not to analyze large amounts o… |
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2386 |
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2387 <p>Shanahan launched the project with MIT graduate student <a h… |
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2388 |
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2389 <p>This month’s paper is one in a series aimed at enabling studi… |
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2390 |
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2391 <p>The only known systematically controllable method of studying t… |
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2392 |
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2393 <p>This technique&nbsp;comes with challenges, Kanwar explains.… |
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2394 |
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2395 <p>Adds Shanahan, “In our approach to sampling these quantum sna… |
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2396 |
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2397 <p>In particular, the group has introduced a framework for buildin… |
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2398 |
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2399 <p>As a proof of principle, Shanahan and colleagues used their fra… |
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2400 |
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2401 <p>The group’s first few papers as a collaboration discussed app… |
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2402 |
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2403 <p>“I think we have shown over the past year that there is a lot… |
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2404 <br /> |
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2405 This idea of physics-informed machine learning is also known by the team… |
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2406 |
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2407 <p>Led by the <a href="http://web.mit.edu/lns/">Laboratory f… |
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2408 |
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2409 <p>“Our&nbsp;collaboration is a great example of the spirit … |
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2410 </content:encoded> |
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2411 <media:content url="https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/style… |
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2412 <media:description type="plain">Physics team leader Phiala… |
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2413 </media:content> |
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2414 </item> |
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2415 |
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2416 </channel> |
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2417 </rss> |
